Details for: APOH

Gene ID: 350

Symbol: APOH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000091583

Description: apolipoprotein H

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 47.6923
    Cell Significance Index: 125.8100
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 4.3054
    Cell Significance Index: 72.5300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 4.1853
    Cell Significance Index: 830.5800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 3.4407
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 2.2728
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5600
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.1809
    Cell Significance Index: 32.1900
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 2.1003
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1000
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 1.8198
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8800
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 1.2700
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5300
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 1.2003
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.9586
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.6915
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.6701
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5841
    Cell Significance Index: 111.1500
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.4019
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3876
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.3422
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2724
    Cell Significance Index: 29.6300
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2417
    Cell Significance Index: 23.9100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2156
    Cell Significance Index: 194.6300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.1896
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.1879
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1574
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1467
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.1425
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.1418
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1401
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1094
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9900
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1500
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0667
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: 0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0517
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4900
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.0287
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0800
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8700
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0600
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0281
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0323
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0402
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: -0.0413
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.0469
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0512
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** APOH is a member of the apolipoprotein family and is characterized by its ability to bind to phospholipids, lipoproteins, and proteins, including heparin, fibrinogen, and plasminogen. Its unique structure, consisting of three domains, allows it to interact with a wide range of ligands and receptors, modulating various cellular processes. APOH is also known for its anti-coagulant properties, as it inhibits the formation of blood clots by binding to and neutralizing pro-coagulant factors. **Pathways and Functions:** APOH is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Blood Coagulation:** APOH inhibits the coagulation cascade by binding to and neutralizing factors that promote clot formation, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin. 2. **Negative Regulation of Angiogenesis:** APOH inhibits the formation of new blood vessels by modulating the activity of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 3. **Negative Regulation of Blood Coagulation:** APOH also inhibits the coagulation cascade by binding to and neutralizing pro-coagulant factors, such as tissue factor and factor Xa. 4. **Lipid Metabolism:** APOH is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, including the transport of triglycerides and the activation of lipoprotein lipase. 5. **Immune Regulation:** APOH modulates immune responses by interacting with immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, and regulating the production of cytokines and chemokines. **Clinical Significance:** APOH dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Blood Coagulation Disorders:** APOH deficiency or dysfunction has been linked to an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome. 2. **Cardiovascular Diseases:** APOH dysregulation has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. 3. **Cancer:** APOH has been shown to have anti-tumor effects, inhibiting the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. 4. **Autoimmune Diseases:** APOH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, where it modulates immune responses and tissue damage. In conclusion, APOH is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, including blood coagulation, lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and cancer. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of APOH in maintaining cardiovascular and immune homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 3050125868

Symbol: APOH_HUMAN

Name: Beta-2-glycoprotein 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1650181

Title: Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PubMed ID: 1650181

DOI: 10.1042/bj2770387

PubMed ID: 1655523

Title: Molecular cloning and mammalian expression of human beta 2-glycoprotein I cDNA.

PubMed ID: 1655523

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81065-g

PubMed ID: 1748314

Title: Nucleotide sequence and expression of the human gene encoding apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I).

PubMed ID: 1748314

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90449-l

PubMed ID: 1339416

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I).

PubMed ID: 1339416

DOI: 10.1007/bf02591656

PubMed ID: 1777418

Title: Molecular definition of human beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI) by cDNA cloning and inter-species differences of beta 2-GPI in alternation of anticardiolipin binding.

PubMed ID: 1777418

DOI: 10.1093/intimm/3.12.1217

PubMed ID: 9914524

Title: Structure of the human beta2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) gene.

PubMed ID: 9914524

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00063.x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6587378

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PubMed ID: 6587378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.12.3640

PubMed ID: 1602135

Title: Heterogeneity of anticardiolipin antibodies defined by the anticardiolipin cofactor.

PubMed ID: 1602135

PubMed ID: 2349221

Title: Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H).

PubMed ID: 2349221

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4120

PubMed ID: 11250549

Title: Purification of apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I)-like protein from human follicular fluid.

PubMed ID: 11250549

DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00359-6

PubMed ID: 1426288

Title: Activity, disulphide mapping and structural modelling of the fifth domain of human beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PubMed ID: 1426288

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81442-o

PubMed ID: 9155091

Title: Qualitative analysis of the carbohydrate composition of apolipoprotein H.

PubMed ID: 9155091

DOI: 10.1023/a:1026378825391

PubMed ID: 15084671

Title: A proteomic analysis of human bile.

PubMed ID: 15084671

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m400015-mcp200

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16740002

Title: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16740002

DOI: 10.1021/pr050492k

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 10508150

Title: Adhesion mechanism of human beta(2)-glycoprotein I to phospholipids based on its crystal structure.

PubMed ID: 10508150

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.19.5166

PubMed ID: 10562535

Title: Crystal structure of human beta2-glycoprotein I: implications for phospholipid binding and the antiphospholipid syndrome.

PubMed ID: 10562535

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.22.6228

PubMed ID: 8099061

Title: Human beta 2-glycoprotein I: molecular analysis of DNA and amino acid polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 8099061

DOI: 10.1007/bf00217367

PubMed ID: 9225969

Title: Molecular basis of the apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I) protein polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 9225969

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050465

PubMed ID: 9063752

Title: Identification of structural mutations in the fifth domain of apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) which affect phospholipid binding.

PubMed ID: 9063752

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.2.311

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 345
  • Mass: 38298
  • Checksum: 63101704F8EDFE3F
  • Sequence:
  • MISPVLILFS SFLCHVAIAG RTCPKPDDLP FSTVVPLKTF YEPGEEITYS CKPGYVSRGG 
    MRKFICPLTG LWPINTLKCT PRVCPFAGIL ENGAVRYTTF EYPNTISFSC NTGFYLNGAD 
    SAKCTEEGKW SPELPVCAPI ICPPPSIPTF ATLRVYKPSA GNNSLYRDTA VFECLPQHAM 
    FGNDTITCTT HGNWTKLPEC REVKCPFPSR PDNGFVNYPA KPTLYYKDKA TFGCHDGYSL 
    DGPEEIECTK LGNWSAMPSC KASCKVPVKK ATVVYQGERV KIQEKFKNGM LHGDKVSFFC 
    KNKEKKCSYT EDAQCIDGTI EVPKCFKEHS SLAFWKTDAS DVKPC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.