Details for: AR

Gene ID: 367

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: AR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169083

Description: androgen receptor

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 8.51
    rCSI 19.98%
    PRS 81.87
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 6.64
    rCSI 12.07%
    PRS 90.93
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 5.42
    rCSI 17.63%
    PRS 79.95
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 5
    rCSI 4.81%
    PRS 81.57
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 7.48%
    PRS 81.45
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 88
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.71
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 81.46
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 71.74
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 4.05%
    PRS 72.51
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 3.33%
    PRS 83.58
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 81.62
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 11.81%
    PRS 81.27
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.99
    rCSI 7.14%
    PRS 85.75
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.98
    rCSI 2.57%
    PRS 82.76
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 71.69
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.92
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 84.01
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 3.97%
    PRS 79.15
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 9.71%
    PRS 74.99
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 85.73
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.36
    rCSI 5.66%
    PRS 85.31
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.28
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 62.66
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 80.42
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 5.03%
    PRS 82.2
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 3.09%
    PRS 75.53
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 9.15%
    PRS 78.56
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 3.84%
    PRS 61.19
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 4.54%
    PRS 74.64
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 3.46%
    PRS 85.04
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 5.58%
    PRS 80.2
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 85.67
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 83.59
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.51%
    PRS 77.32
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.59
    rCSI 4.37%
    PRS 77.57
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 2.19%
    PRS 79.02
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 8.55%
    PRS 84.85
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 2.17%
    PRS 72.27
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 65.64
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 4.27%
    PRS 78.96
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 88.21
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.21%
    PRS 74.36
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 6.75%
    PRS 65.35
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.64%
    PRS 84.84
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.92
    rCSI 7.51%
    PRS 76.85
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 0.91
    rCSI 3.84%
    PRS 86.59
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.88
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 81.6
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.79
    rCSI 4.94%
    PRS 74.1
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 0.72
    rCSI 3.88%
    PRS 88.92
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.64
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 66.48
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 0.28
    rCSI 6.61%
    PRS 62.77
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.19
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 86.94

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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    • High
    • Medium
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    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
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  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary The [AR](/details-gene/367) gene encodes the androgen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the nuclear steroid receptor superfamily. Upon binding androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, it translocates to the nucleus and regulates the expression of a vast array of target genes. **Overall**, [AR](/details-gene/367) shows significant expression in hormone-responsive tissues, with particularly high cell significance index (CSI) scores in [midzonal region hepatocyte](/details-cell/CL0019028) (CSI: 8.51), [luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland](/details-cell/CL0002326) (CSI: 6.64), and [epicardial adipocyte](/details-cell/CL1000309) (CSI: 5.42). Its central role in mediating androgenic signals is critical for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. Mutations in this gene are associated with several clinical conditions, including complete androgen insensitivity syndrome ([300068](https://omim.org/entry/300068)), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ([313200](https://omim.org/entry/313200)), and are implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [AR](/details-gene/367) underscores its function as a key regulator in metabolic and secretory epithelial tissues. **Overall**, its most significant expression is observed in hepatocytes, including [midzonal region hepatocyte](/details-cell/CL0019028) and [periportal region hepatocyte](/details-cell/CL0019026), suggesting a crucial role in liver physiology, which is known to be sexually dimorphic and influenced by androgens. Beyond the liver, [AR](/details-gene/367) is a defining marker for several epithelial cell types. Its high significance in [luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland](/details-cell/CL0002326), [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), and [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) points to its involvement in the regulation of reproductive and glandular tissues in both sexes. Furthermore, its notable expression in [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136) and [epicardial adipocyte](/details-cell/CL1000309) indicates a role in adipose tissue biology and metabolism. The gene's significance in stromal cells like [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) and [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) suggests it also mediates androgen effects in connective tissue homeostasis and response to injury. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [AR](/details-gene/367) operates primarily as a DNA-binding transcription factor. Its molecular function is dominated by [Androgen binding](/details-ontology/GO:0005497), [Nuclear receptor activity](/details-ontology/GO:0004879), and [Dna-binding transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific](/details-ontology/GO:0000981). The receptor is a central component of the [Androgen receptor signaling pathway](/details-ontology/GO:0030521), which is activated upon ligand binding. Consistent with its role as a transcription factor, [AR](/details-gene/367) is integral to the [Nuclear receptor transcription pathway](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-383280) and broader [Gene expression (transcription)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-74160) processes. Biological processes annotated for [AR](/details-gene/367) reflect its physiological importance in development, particularly in [Male gonad development](/details-ontology/GO:0008584), [Spermatogenesis](/details-ontology/GO:0007283), and the morphogenesis of androgen-dependent tissues such as the prostate ([Prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis](/details-ontology/GO:0060740)). It also plays a role in regulating cell proliferation, both positively ([Positive regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-ontology/GO:0008284)) and negatively ([Negative regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-ontology/GO:0008285)), depending on cellular context. Its involvement in pathways such as the [Hsp90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (shr) in the presence of ligand](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3371497) highlights the complex regulation required for its stability and function. ## Research Directions The established role of [AR](/details-gene/367) in prostate cancer progression, where splice variants can promote androgen-depletion resistant growth ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3795)), remains a critical area of research. However, its high significance in metabolic cell types like hepatocytes and adipocytes opens new avenues for investigation into sex-specific metabolic diseases. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Dysregulation of [AR](/details-gene/367) signaling in [hepatocyte](/details-cell/CL0000182) populations contributes to the male-biased prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by directly altering transcriptional programs related to lipid synthesis and storage. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** In [luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland](/details-cell/CL0002326), [AR](/details-gene/367) functions as a modulator of estrogen receptor signaling, and the AR/ER expression ratio is a key determinant of cell fate and tumorigenic potential in luminal breast cancers. A key experiment to test the first hypothesis could be performed as follows: * **Experimental Approach:** To dissect the role of hepatic [AR](/details-gene/367) in MAFLD, a liver-specific knockout mouse model could be generated using the Cre-Lox system with an Albumin-Cre driver. These mice, alongside wild-type controls, would be subjected to a high-fat, high-sugar diet to induce metabolic stress. The progression of liver disease would be monitored through serum ALT/AST levels, histological analysis for steatosis and fibrosis, and lipid profiling. RNA-sequencing of isolated hepatocytes from both genotypes would be used to identify AR-dependent transcriptional networks that are altered during MAFLD development. **Therapeutic Potential:** [AR](/details-gene/367) is already a major therapeutic target, primarily for prostate cancer, where **inhibition** is the main strategy. The data highlighting its high expression in other critical metabolic tissues like the liver and adipose tissue underscores the systemic side effects (e.g., metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis) observed with current androgen deprivation therapies. Future therapeutic development could focus on developing selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) that can differentially activate or inhibit [AR](/details-gene/367) function in a tissue-specific manner, or on targeting downstream effectors of AR signaling to achieve greater specificity and reduce off-target effects.

Genular Protein ID: 3111552214

Symbol: ANDR_HUMAN

Name: Androgen receptor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3216866

Title: The human androgen receptor: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, sequence analysis and gene expression in prostate.

PubMed ID: 3216866

DOI: 10.1210/mend-2-12-1265

PubMed ID: 3174628

Title: Structural analysis of complementary DNA and amino acid sequences of human and rat androgen receptors.

PubMed ID: 3174628

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7211

PubMed ID: 2911578

Title: Characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 2911578

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.1.327

PubMed ID: 2594783

Title: Sequence of the intron/exon junctions of the coding region of the human androgen receptor gene and identification of a point mutation in a family with complete androgen insensitivity.

PubMed ID: 2594783

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9534

PubMed ID: 2342476

Title: Specific region in hormone binding domain is essential for hormone binding and trans-activation by human androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 2342476

DOI: 10.1210/mend-4-3-417

PubMed ID: 2293020

Title: Definition of the human androgen receptor gene structure permits the identification of mutations that cause androgen resistance: premature termination of the receptor protein at amino acid residue 588 causes complete androgen resistance.

PubMed ID: 2293020

DOI: 10.1210/mend-4-8-1105

PubMed ID: 15634333

Title: Androgen receptor function is modulated by the tissue-specific AR45 variant.

PubMed ID: 15634333

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2004.04395.x

PubMed ID: 19244107

Title: A novel androgen receptor splice variant is up-regulated during prostate cancer progression and promotes androgen depletion-resistant growth.

PubMed ID: 19244107

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3795

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2917688

Title: The N-terminal domain of the human androgen receptor is encoded by one, large exon.

PubMed ID: 2917688

DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(89)90137-8

PubMed ID: 3353726

Title: Molecular cloning of human and rat complementary DNA encoding androgen receptors.

PubMed ID: 3353726

DOI: 10.1126/science.3353726

PubMed ID: 3377788

Title: Cloning, structure and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 3377788

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81214-2

PubMed ID: 2546571

Title: Structural organization of the human androgen receptor gene.

PubMed ID: 2546571

DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.002r001

PubMed ID: 8413310

Title: A point mutation in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene causes complete androgen insensitivity in two siblings with receptor-positive androgen resistance.

PubMed ID: 8413310

DOI: 10.1210/mend.7.7.8413310

PubMed ID: 3353727

Title: Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 3353727

DOI: 10.1126/science.3353727

PubMed ID: 1775137

Title: Substitution of aspartic acid-686 by histidine or asparagine in the human androgen receptor leads to a functionally inactive protein with altered hormone-binding characteristics.

PubMed ID: 1775137

DOI: 10.1210/mend-5-10-1562

PubMed ID: 1561105

Title: Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene (AR).

PubMed ID: 1561105

DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.6.1427-a

PubMed ID: 8643607

Title: Cloning and characterization of a specific coactivator, ARA70, for the androgen receptor in human prostate cells.

PubMed ID: 8643607

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.11.5517

PubMed ID: 9096391

Title: The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer.

PubMed ID: 9096391

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3320

PubMed ID: 10332029

Title: PQBP-1, a novel polyglutamine tract binding protein, inhibits transcription activation by Brn-2 and affects cell survival.

PubMed ID: 10332029

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.6.977

PubMed ID: 10075738

Title: Cloning and characterization of androgen receptor coactivator, ARA55, in human prostate.

PubMed ID: 10075738

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.12.8316

PubMed ID: 10383460

Title: Ubc9 interacts with the androgen receptor and activates receptor-dependent transcription.

PubMed ID: 10383460

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.27.19441

PubMed ID: 10400640

Title: The linkage of Kennedy's neuron disease to ARA24, the first identified androgen receptor polyglutamine region-associated coactivator.

PubMed ID: 10400640

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.29.20229

PubMed ID: 10625666

Title: PDEF, a novel prostate epithelium-specific ets transcription factor, interacts with the androgen receptor and activates prostate-specific antigen gene expression.

PubMed ID: 10625666

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.2.1216

PubMed ID: 10930412

Title: Androgen receptor interacts with a novel MYST protein, HBO1.

PubMed ID: 10930412

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004838200

PubMed ID: 11121022

Title: Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1).

PubMed ID: 11121022

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.26.14145

PubMed ID: 12361945

Title: RanBPM, a nuclear protein that interacts with and regulates transcriptional activity of androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor.

PubMed ID: 12361945

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209741200

PubMed ID: 12039962

Title: Activation function-1 domain of androgen receptor contributes to the interaction between subnuclear splicing factor compartment and nuclear receptor compartment. Identification of the p102 U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle-binding protein as a coactivator for the receptor.

PubMed ID: 12039962

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203811200

PubMed ID: 12415108

Title: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade.

PubMed ID: 12415108

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192569699

PubMed ID: 19666546

Title:

PubMed ID: 19666546

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908685106

PubMed ID: 14609956

Title: hZimp10 is an androgen receptor co-activator and forms a complex with SUMO-1 at replication foci.

PubMed ID: 14609956

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg585

PubMed ID: 12958311

Title: The scaffolding protein RACK1 interacts with androgen receptor and promotes cross-talk through a protein kinase C signaling pathway.

PubMed ID: 12958311

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306219200

PubMed ID: 14664718

Title: The retinoblastoma protein-associated transcription repressor RBaK interacts with the androgen receptor and enhances its transcriptional activity.

PubMed ID: 14664718

DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0310583

PubMed ID: 12612053

Title: DJBP: a novel DJ-1-binding protein, negatively regulates the androgen receptor by recruiting histone deacetylase complex, and DJ-1 antagonizes this inhibition by abrogation of this complex.

PubMed ID: 12612053

PubMed ID: 14573606

Title: Mechanism of p21-activated kinase 6-mediated inhibition of androgen receptor signaling.

PubMed ID: 14573606

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311145200

PubMed ID: 16027218

Title: Huntingtin interacting protein 1 modulates the transcriptional activity of nuclear hormone receptors.

PubMed ID: 16027218

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200503106

PubMed ID: 16051670

Title: hZimp7, a novel PIAS-like protein, enhances androgen receptor-mediated transcription and interacts with SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes.

PubMed ID: 16051670

DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0097

PubMed ID: 17045208

Title: Regulation of androgen receptor activity by tyrosine phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 17045208

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.021

PubMed ID: 16951154

Title: Male germ cell-associated kinase, a male-specific kinase regulated by androgen, is a coactivator of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 16951154

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1636

PubMed ID: 17587566

Title: PRMT2, a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, is a coactivator of the androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 17587566

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.05.006

PubMed ID: 17550981

Title: The zinc finger protein Ras-responsive element binding protein-1 is a coregulator of the androgen receptor: implications for the role of the Ras pathway in enhancing androgenic signaling in prostate cancer.

PubMed ID: 17550981

DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0503

PubMed ID: 18222118

Title: RanBP10 acts as a novel coactivator for the androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 18222118

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.072

PubMed ID: 17494760

Title: Activated Cdc42-associated kinase Ack1 promotes prostate cancer progression via androgen receptor tyrosine phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 17494760

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700420104

PubMed ID: 18451177

Title: TRIM68 regulates ligand-dependent transcription of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 18451177

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6059

PubMed ID: 18451096

Title: Leupaxin, a novel coactivator of the androgen receptor, is expressed in prostate cancer and plays a role in adhesion and invasion of prostate carcinoma cells.

PubMed ID: 18451096

DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0546

PubMed ID: 18084323

Title: ZIP kinase plays a crucial role in androgen receptor-mediated transcription.

PubMed ID: 18084323

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210995

PubMed ID: 19909775

Title: TRIM24 mediates ligand-dependent activation of androgen receptor and is repressed by a bromodomain-containing protein, BRD7, in prostate cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 19909775

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.11.001

PubMed ID: 19345326

Title: Regulation of androgen receptor transcriptional activity and specificity by RNF6-induced ubiquitination.

PubMed ID: 19345326

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.02.021

PubMed ID: 19022849

Title: The single-macro domain protein LRP16 is an essential cofactor of androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 19022849

DOI: 10.1677/erc-08-0150

PubMed ID: 20980437

Title: CDK9 regulates AR promoter selectivity and cell growth through serine 81 phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 20980437

DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0238

PubMed ID: 20501646

Title: The deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 is a regulator of androgen receptor signaling.

PubMed ID: 20501646

DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0424

PubMed ID: 20623637

Title: Effect of Ack1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor on ligand-independent androgen receptor activity.

PubMed ID: 20623637

DOI: 10.1002/pros.21163

PubMed ID: 21512132

Title: MST1 is a multifunctional caspase-independent inhibitor of androgenic signaling.

PubMed ID: 21512132

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4532

PubMed ID: 20812024

Title: FBI-1 functions as a novel AR co-repressor in prostate cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 20812024

DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0511-7

PubMed ID: 22170608

Title: Cryptochromes mediate rhythmic repression of the glucocorticoid receptor.

PubMed ID: 22170608

DOI: 10.1038/nature10700

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22031296

Title: DHHC-7 and -21 are palmitoylacyltransferases for sex steroid receptors.

PubMed ID: 22031296

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0638

PubMed ID: 23887938

Title: CCAR1 promotes chromatin loading of androgen receptor (AR) transcription complex by stabilizing the association between AR and GATA2.

PubMed ID: 23887938

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt644

PubMed ID: 23487765

Title: ARID4A and ARID4B regulate male fertility, a functional link to the AR and RB pathways.

PubMed ID: 23487765

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218318110

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 10840043

Title: Structural evidence for ligand specificity in the binding domain of the human androgen receptor. Implications for pathogenic gene mutations.

PubMed ID: 10840043

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004571200

PubMed ID: 11906285

Title: Structural basis for the glucocorticoid response in a mutant human androgen receptor (AR(ccr)) derived from an androgen-independent prostate cancer.

PubMed ID: 11906285

DOI: 10.1021/jm011072j

PubMed ID: 15525515

Title: Structural basis for androgen receptor interdomain and coactivator interactions suggests a transition in nuclear receptor activation function dominance.

PubMed ID: 15525515

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.036

PubMed ID: 15563469

Title: The molecular mechanisms of coactivator utilization in ligand-dependent transactivation by the androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 15563469

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407046200

PubMed ID: 16129672

Title: Structural basis for accommodation of nonsteroidal ligands in the androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 16129672

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507464200

PubMed ID: 16641486

Title: Comparison of crystal structures of human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain complexed with various agonists reveals molecular determinants responsible for binding affinity.

PubMed ID: 16641486

DOI: 10.1110/ps.051905906

PubMed ID: 18007036

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PubMed ID: 15851746

Title: A family with early-onset and rapidly progressive X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

PubMed ID: 15851746

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000158617.41819.f3

PubMed ID: 14756668

Title: Concordance of phenotypic expression and gender identity in a large kindred with a mutation in the androgen receptor.

PubMed ID: 14756668

DOI: 10.1111/j.0009-9163.2004.00197.x

PubMed ID: 16595706

Title: Human androgen receptor gene ligand-binding-domain mutations leading to disrupted interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains.

PubMed ID: 16595706

DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.01885

PubMed ID: 27535533

Title: Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.

PubMed ID: 27535533

DOI: 10.1038/nature19057

PubMed ID: 33647767

Title: Shorter androgen receptor polyQ alleles protect against life-threatening COVID-19 disease in European males.

PubMed ID: 33647767

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103246

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 920
  • Mass: 99188
  • Checksum: A73432C55D39AE06
  • Sequence:
  • MEVQLGLGRV YPRPPSKTYR GAFQNLFQSV REVIQNPGPR HPEAASAAPP GASLLLLQQQ 
    QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ ETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAH RRGPTGYLVL DEEQQPSQPQ 
    SALECHPERG CVPEPGAAVA ASKGLPQQLP APPDEDDSAA PSTLSLLGPT FPGLSSCSAD 
    LKDILSEAST MQLLQQQQQE AVSEGSSSGR AREASGAPTS SKDNYLGGTS TISDNAKELC 
    KAVSVSMGLG VEALEHLSPG EQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVR PTPCAPLAEC KGSLLDDSAG 
    KSTEDTAEYS PFKGGYTKGL EGESLGCSGS AAAGSSGTLE LPSTLSLYKS GALDEAAAYQ 
    SRDYYNFPLA LAGPPPPPPP PHPHARIKLE NPLDYGSAWA AAAAQCRYGD LASLHGAGAA 
    GPGSGSPSAA ASSSWHTLFT AEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GGGEAGAVAP 
    YGYTRPPQGL AGQESDFTAP DVWYPGGMVS RVPYPSPTCV KSEMGPWMDS YSGPYGDMRL 
    ETARDHVLPI DYYFPPQKTC LICGDEASGC HYGALTCGSC KVFFKRAAEG KQKYLCASRN 
    DCTIDKFRRK NCPSCRLRKC YEAGMTLGAR KLKKLGNLKL QEEGEASSTT SPTEETTQKL 
    TVSHIEGYEC QPIFLNVLEA IEPGVVCAGH DNNQPDSFAA LLSSLNELGE RQLVHVVKWA 
    KALPGFRNLH VDDQMAVIQY SWMGLMVFAM GWRSFTNVNS RMLYFAPDLV FNEYRMHKSR 
    MYSQCVRMRH LSQEFGWLQI TPQEFLCMKA LLLFSIIPVD GLKNQKFFDE LRMNYIKELD 
    RIIACKRKNP TSCSRRFYQL TKLLDSVQPI ARELHQFTFD LLIKSHMVSV DFPEMMAEII 
    SVQVPKILSG KVKPIYFHTQ

Genular Protein ID: 2359757308

Symbol: F1D8N5_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 388
  • Mass: 44643
  • Checksum: 495BAE974B4EFC75
  • Sequence:
  • MILWLHSLET ARDHVLPIDY YFPPQKTCLI CGDEASGCHY GALTCGSCKV FFKRAAEGKQ 
    KYLCASRNDC TIDKFRRKNC PSCRLRKCYE AGMTLGARKL KKLGNLKLQE EGEASSTTSP 
    TEETTQKLTV SHIEGYECQP IFLNVLEAIE PGVVCAGHDN NQPDSFAALL SSLNELGERQ 
    LVHVVKWAKA LPGFRNLHVD DQMAVIQYSW MGLMVFAMGW RSFTNVNSRM LYFAPDLVFN 
    EYRMHKSRMY SQCVRMRHLS QEFGWLQITP QEFLCMKALL LFSIIPVDGL KNQKFFDELR 
    MNYIKELDRI IACKRKNPTS CSRRFYQLTK LLDSVQPIAR ELHQFTFDLL IKSHMVSVDF 
    PEMMAEIISV QVPKILSGKV KPIYFHTQ

Genular Protein ID: 3500293997

Symbol: G4VV16_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 21878636

Title: Novel Membrane-associated Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Potentiates Proliferative and Survival Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells.

PubMed ID: 21878636

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.265124

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 573
  • Mass: 59863
  • Checksum: 2A0FF3A289AC8975
  • Sequence:
  • MEVQLGLGRV YPRPPSKTYR GAFQNLFQSV REVIQNPGPR HPEAASAAPP GASLLLQQQQ 
    QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQETSPR QQQQQQGEDG SPQAHRRGPT GYLVLDEEQQ 
    PSQPQSALEC HPERGCVPEP GAAVAASKGL PQQLPAPPDE DDSAAPSTLS LLGPTFPGLS 
    SCSADLKDIL SEASTMQLLQ QQQQEAVSEG SSSGRAREAS GAPTSSKDNY LGGTSTISDN 
    AKELCKAVSV SMGLGVEALE HLSPGEQLRG DCMYAPLLGV PPAVRPTPCA PLAECKGSLL 
    DDSAGKSTED TAEYSPFKGG YTKGLEGESL GCSGSAAAGS SGTLELPSTL SLYKSGALDE 
    AAAYQSRDYY NFPLALAGPP PPPPPPHPHA RIKLENPLDY GSAWAAAAAQ CRYGDLASLH 
    GAGAAGPGSG SPSAAASSSW HTLFTAEEGQ LYGPCGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GGGGEAGAVA 
    PYGYTRPPQG LAGQESDFTA PDVWYPGGMV SRVPYPSPTC VKSEMGPWMD SYSGPYGDMR 
    NTRRKRLWKL IIRSINSCIC SPRETEVPVR QQK

Genular Protein ID: 654034031

Symbol: A0A087WUX9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 572
  • Mass: 59436
  • Checksum: E4FDB1BF20D0178E
  • Sequence:
  • MEVQLGLGRV YPRPPSKTYR GAFQNLFQSV REVIQNPGPR HPEAASAAPP GASLLLLQQQ 
    QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ ETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAH RRGPTGYLVL DEEQQPSQPQ 
    SALECHPERG CVPEPGAAVA ASKGLPQQLP APPDEDDSAA PSTLSLLGPT FPGLSSCSAD 
    LKDILSEAST MQLLQQQQQE AVSEGSSSGR AREASGAPTS SKDNYLGGTS TISDNAKELC 
    KAVSVSMGLG VEALEHLSPG EQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVR PTPCAPLAEC KGSLLDDSAG 
    KSTEDTAEYS PFKGGYTKGL EGESLGCSGS AAAGSSGTLE LPSTLSLYKS GALDEAAAYQ 
    SRDYYNFPLA LAGPPPPPPP PHPHARIKLE NPLDYGSAWA AAAAQCRYGD LASLHGAGAA 
    GPGSGSPSAA ASSSWHTLFT AEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GGGEAGAVAP 
    YGYTRPPQGL AGQESDFTAP DVWYPGGMVS RVPYPSPTCV KSEMGPWMDS YSGPYGDMRN 
    TRRKRLWKLI IRSINSCICS PRETEVPVRQ QK

Genular Protein ID: 1994014189

Symbol: Q9NUA2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12124798

Title: Characterization of androgen receptor and nuclear receptor co-regulator expression in human breast cancer cell lines exhibiting differential regulation of kallikreins 2 and 3.

PubMed ID: 12124798

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10520

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 539
  • Mass: 55444
  • Checksum: AB493953B89D869F
  • Sequence:
  • MEVQLGLGRV YPRPPSKTYR GAFQNLFQSV REVIQNPGPR HPEAASAAPP GASLLLLQQQ 
    QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ ETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAH RRGPTGYLVL DEEQQPSQPQ 
    SALECHPERG CVPEPGAAVA ASKGLPQQLP APPDEDDSAA PSTLSLLGPT FPGLSSCSAD 
    LKDILSEAST MQLLQQQQQE AVSEGSSSGR AREASGAPTS SKDNYLGGTS TISDNAKELC 
    KAVSVSMGLG VEALEHLSPG EQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVR PTPCAPLAEC KGSLLDDSAG 
    KSTEDTAEYS PFKGGYTKGL EGESLGCSGS AAAGSSGTLE LPSTLSLYKS GALDEAAAYQ 
    SRDYYNFPLA LAGPPPPPPP PHPHARIKLE NPLDYGSAWA AAAAQCRYGD LASLHGAGAA 
    GPGSGSPSAA ASSSWHTLFT AEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GGGEAGAVAP 
    YGYTRPPQGL AGQESDFTAP DVWYPGGMVS RVPYPSPTCV KSEMGPWMDS YSGPYGDMR