Details for: ARG2

Gene ID: 384

Symbol: ARG2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000081181

Description: arginase 2

Associated with

  • Metabolism
    (R-HSA-1430728)
  • Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
    (R-HSA-71291)
  • Metabolism of proteins
    (R-HSA-392499)
  • Mitochondrial protein degradation
    (R-HSA-9837999)
  • Adaptive immune response
    (GO:0002250)
  • Arginase activity
    (GO:0004053)
  • Arginine catabolic process to ornithine
    (GO:0019547)
  • Cytoplasm
    (GO:0005737)
  • Innate immune response
    (GO:0045087)
  • Manganese ion binding
    (GO:0030145)
  • Mitochondrial matrix
    (GO:0005759)
  • Mitochondrion
    (GO:0005739)
  • Negative regulation of activated cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell apoptotic process
    (GO:1905403)
  • Negative regulation of cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell proliferation
    (GO:2000562)
  • Negative regulation of chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 4 production
    (GO:0071644)
  • Negative regulation of chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 5 production
    (GO:0071650)
  • Negative regulation of defense response to bacterium
    (GO:1900425)
  • Negative regulation of interleukin-13 production
    (GO:0032696)
  • Negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
    (GO:0032700)
  • Negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production
    (GO:0071641)
  • Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
    (GO:0032720)
  • Negative regulation of type 2 immune response
    (GO:0002829)
  • Nitric oxide biosynthetic process
    (GO:0006809)
  • Positive regulation of cellular senescence
    (GO:2000774)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
    (GO:0032651)
  • Regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
    (GO:1903426)
  • Striated muscle contraction
    (GO:0006941)
  • Urea cycle
    (GO:0000050)
  • Ureteric bud development
    (GO:0001657)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 141.3094
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 86.1051
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8400
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 44.7500
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 34.5033
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 19.0418
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 17.7784
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 8.2442
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0900
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 4.4518
    Cell Significance Index: 47.3000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 4.2944
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 4.0124
    Cell Significance Index: 208.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 3.5765
    Cell Significance Index: 97.3500
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 2.7618
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.1758
    Cell Significance Index: 54.8200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.0320
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.9056
    Cell Significance Index: 19.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.7235
    Cell Significance Index: 84.3200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.6659
    Cell Significance Index: 30.1900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6576
    Cell Significance Index: 593.7500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6221
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.6210
    Cell Significance Index: 39.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.5980
    Cell Significance Index: 97.2600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5515
    Cell Significance Index: 110.6300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.4888
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4821
    Cell Significance Index: 47.6900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.4355
    Cell Significance Index: 11.6700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4219
    Cell Significance Index: 83.7200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.4112
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.3748
    Cell Significance Index: 48.4300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3695
    Cell Significance Index: 255.5900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.3636
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3617
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3570
    Cell Significance Index: 128.0400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.3396
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3176
    Cell Significance Index: 34.5500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.2389
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2255
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1993
    Cell Significance Index: 24.5100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1988
    Cell Significance Index: 108.5800
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.1894
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.1608
    Cell Significance Index: 28.9800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1607
    Cell Significance Index: 218.4800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1583
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1205
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.1045
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0826
    Cell Significance Index: 127.1700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: 40.2100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0629
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0476
    Cell Significance Index: 9.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: 79.1900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2100
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0579
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.0742
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0769
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.0782
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0998
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1263
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: -0.1318
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1399
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1668
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1765
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1780
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1792
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1882
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2014
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2194
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: -0.2351
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2381
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2435
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.2500
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2576
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2866
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1800
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.3041
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.3161
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3189
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.3289
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.3289
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3308
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3381
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3444
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Mitochondrial localization**: Arginase 2 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix, where it catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to ornithine. 2. **Urea cycle involvement**: Arginase 2 plays a critical role in the urea cycle, which is responsible for the removal of excess nitrogen from the body. 3. **Regulation of immune responses**: Arginase 2 has been shown to regulate various immune responses, including the negative regulation of activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cell proliferation, and the production of chemokines. 4. **Cellular senescence**: Arginase 2 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular senescence, a process characterized by the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in response to stress. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Urea cycle**: Arginase 2 catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to ornithine, which is then used in the synthesis of urea. 2. **Nitric oxide biosynthesis**: Arginase 2 is involved in the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, which is essential for various physiological processes, including immune responses and vascular relaxation. 3. **Immune regulation**: Arginase 2 regulates various immune responses, including the negative regulation of activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cell proliferation, and the production of chemokines. 4. **Cellular senescence**: Arginase 2 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular senescence, a process characterized by the induction of SASP in response to stress. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Urea cycle disorders**: Mutations in the AGI gene have been associated with urea cycle disorders, which can lead to hyperammonemia and other complications. 2. **Immune-related disorders**: Alterations in arginase 2 expression or activity have been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Cancer**: Arginase 2 has been shown to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer, and has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. 4. **Neurological disorders**: Arginase 2 has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and has been shown to play a role in the regulation of dopamine and amyloid-beta metabolism. In conclusion, arginase 2 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including the urea cycle, immune regulation, and cellular senescence. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including urea cycle disorders, immune-related disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which arginase 2 regulates these processes and to explore its therapeutic potential in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 3492082644

Symbol: ARGI2_HUMAN

Name: Arginase-2, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8898077

Title: Molecular cloning of cDNA for nonhepatic mitochondrial arginase (arginase II) and comparison of its induction with nitric oxide synthase in a murine macrophage-like cell line.

PubMed ID: 8898077

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)01015-0

PubMed ID: 8954792

Title: Cloning and characterization of the human type II arginase gene.

PubMed ID: 8954792

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0606

PubMed ID: 9256072

Title: Human type II arginase: sequence analysis and tissue-specific expression.

PubMed ID: 9256072

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00099-1

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22928666

Title: Positive crosstalk between arginase-II and S6K1 in vascular endothelial inflammation and aging.

PubMed ID: 22928666

DOI: 10.1111/acel.12001

PubMed ID: 23832324

Title: Arginase-II induces vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and apoptosis through p66Shc and p53 independently of its l-arginine ureahydrolase activity: implications for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.

PubMed ID: 23832324

DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000096

PubMed ID: 25484082

Title: ARG2 impairs endothelial autophagy through regulation of MTOR and PRKAA/AMPK signaling in advanced atherosclerosis.

PubMed ID: 25484082

DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981789

PubMed ID: 27745970

Title: L-arginine modulates T cell metabolism and enhances survival and anti-tumor activity.

PubMed ID: 27745970

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.031

PubMed ID: 27214549

Title: Increased mitochondrial arginine metabolism supports bioenergetics in asthma.

PubMed ID: 27214549

DOI: 10.1172/jci82925

PubMed ID: 28614294

Title: Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2.

PubMed ID: 28614294

DOI: 10.1038/nature22795

PubMed ID: 12859189

Title: Human arginase II: crystal structure and physiological role in male and female sexual arousal.

PubMed ID: 12859189

DOI: 10.1021/bi034340j

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 354
  • Mass: 38578
  • Checksum: 1624FAC7D515C68B
  • Sequence:
  • MSLRGSLSRL LQTRVHSILK KSVHSVAVIG APFSQGQKRK GVEHGPAAIR EAGLMKRLSS 
    LGCHLKDFGD LSFTPVPKDD LYNNLIVNPR SVGLANQELA EVVSRAVSDG YSCVTLGGDH 
    SLAIGTISGH ARHCPDLCVV WVDAHADINT PLTTSSGNLH GQPVSFLLRE LQDKVPQLPG 
    FSWIKPCISS ASIVYIGLRD VDPPEHFILK NYDIQYFSMR DIDRLGIQKV MERTFDLLIG 
    KRQRPIHLSF DIDAFDPTLA PATGTPVVGG LTYREGMYIA EEIHNTGLLS ALDLVEVNPQ 
    LATSEEEAKT TANLAVDVIA SSFGQTREGG HIVYDQLPTP SSPDESENQA RVRI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.