Details for: ATIC

Gene ID: 471

Symbol: ATIC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138363

Description: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 136.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1600
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 65.6151
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 62.7653
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 57.9436
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 56.2989
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 39.6708
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 24.8339
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 20.6861
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 7.1171
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.0702
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.7384
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5900
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.8015
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 3.1886
    Cell Significance Index: 220.5100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.8268
    Cell Significance Index: 75.4800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.7818
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.7800
    Cell Significance Index: 193.6100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.7728
    Cell Significance Index: 1600.7000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.2102
    Cell Significance Index: 240.1600
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 1.1900
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9900
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.1761
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.9528
    Cell Significance Index: 33.1100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.9116
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8220
    Cell Significance Index: 42.7000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.7717
    Cell Significance Index: 22.6700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.6355
    Cell Significance Index: 74.9400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.6329
    Cell Significance Index: 126.9600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.6007
    Cell Significance Index: 82.4900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5986
    Cell Significance Index: 326.8900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4749
    Cell Significance Index: 30.6400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4144
    Cell Significance Index: 74.7000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3979
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3872
    Cell Significance Index: 47.6200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.3747
    Cell Significance Index: 26.5000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3266
    Cell Significance Index: 144.4000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3067
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.2980
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2891
    Cell Significance Index: 103.6900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.2790
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2575
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.2513
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.2456
    Cell Significance Index: 31.7300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2350
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2294
    Cell Significance Index: 29.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2282
    Cell Significance Index: 38.9600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2108
    Cell Significance Index: 40.1200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1819
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1444
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.1187
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1122
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0508
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.0563
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0696
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0762
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0832
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0864
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1077
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1081
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1154
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0900
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.1249
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.1372
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1488
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1560
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1655
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1678
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1972
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.2157
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2188
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2423
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2809
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2961
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3804
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3991
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.4085
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4513
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.4651
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.5225
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5437
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.5541
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Bifunctional enzyme:** ATIC exhibits dual catalytic activity, converting 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) to formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAR) and then to inosine monophosphate (IMP). 2. **Purine biosynthesis:** ATIC is a critical enzyme in the de novo synthesis of purines, a process essential for nucleic acid production and cellular energy metabolism. 3. **Widespread expression:** ATIC is expressed in various cell types, including hematopoietic cells, placental cells, and kidney epithelial cells, underscoring its importance in development, tissue function, and disease. 4. **Regulation:** ATIC activity is tightly regulated by various mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and transcriptional control. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **De novo purine biosynthesis:** ATIC catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to FGAR and then to IMP, a key intermediate in the de novo synthesis of purines. 2. **Cellular response to inflammation:** ATIC is involved in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of inflammation and cytokine signaling. 3. **Immune cell development:** ATIC plays a crucial role in the development and function of immune cells, including T cells and B cells. 4. **Cancer and disease:** Aberrant ATIC expression has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, where it can contribute to tumor growth and progression. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Purine disorders:** Mutations in the ATIC gene have been associated with purine disorders, such as severe neutropenia and immunodeficiency. 2. **Cancer therapy:** ATIC inhibitors have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents in cancer treatment, particularly in the context of immunotherapy. 3. **Inflammatory diseases:** ATIC's role in regulating immune responses makes it a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Neurological disorders:** Recent studies have implicated ATIC in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, the ATIC gene is a crucial regulator of purine biosynthesis and beyond, with implications for our understanding of cellular development, immune function, and disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of ATIC in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 4223598774

Symbol: PUR9_HUMAN

Name: Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8567683

Title: The human purH gene product, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase. Cloning, sequencing, expression, purification, kinetic analysis, and domain mapping.

PubMed ID: 8567683

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.4.2225

PubMed ID: 8867801

Title: Isolation of human purH gene expressed in the rodent transformant cells by subtractive enrichment of 3'-untranslated region of human transcript.

PubMed ID: 8867801

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/2.6.269

PubMed ID: 9378707

Title: Characterization of molecularly cloned human 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase.

PubMed ID: 9378707

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021754

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1286667

Title: Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 1286667

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301199

PubMed ID: 10985775

Title: Human AICAR transformylase: role of the 4-carboxamide of AICAR in binding and catalysis.

PubMed ID: 10985775

DOI: 10.1021/bi0007268

PubMed ID: 11948179

Title: The kinetic mechanism of the human bifunctional enzyme ATIC (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine 5'-monophosphate cyclohydrolase). A surprising lack of substrate channeling.

PubMed ID: 11948179

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111964200

PubMed ID: 14756554

Title: Catalytic mechanism of the cyclohydrolase activity of human aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase.

PubMed ID: 14756554

DOI: 10.1021/bi035139b

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25687571

Title: The last enzyme of the de novo purine synthesis pathway 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) plays a central role in insulin signaling and the Golgi/endosomes protein network.

PubMed ID: 25687571

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.047159

PubMed ID: 14756553

Title: Structural insights into the human and avian IMP cyclohydrolase mechanism via crystal structures with the bound XMP inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 14756553

DOI: 10.1021/bi030162i

PubMed ID: 14966129

Title: Crystal structures of human bifunctional enzyme aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase in complex with potent sulfonyl-containing antifolates.

PubMed ID: 14966129

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313691200

PubMed ID: 29072452

Title: Discovery of LSN 3213128, a Potent and Selective Nonclassical Antifolate Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide Formyltransferase (AICARFT) Inhibitor Effective at Tumor Suppression in a Cancer Xenograft Model.

PubMed ID: 29072452

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01046

PubMed ID: 15114530

Title: AICA-ribosiduria: a novel, neurologically devastating inborn error of purine biosynthesis caused by mutation of ATIC.

PubMed ID: 15114530

DOI: 10.1086/421475

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 592
  • Mass: 64616
  • Checksum: AD778892021F0888
  • Sequence:
  • MAPGQLALFS VSDKTGLVEF ARNLTALGLN LVASGGTAKA LRDAGLAVRD VSELTGFPEM 
    LGGRVKTLHP AVHAGILARN IPEDNADMAR LDFNLIRVVA CNLYPFVKTV ASPGVTVEEA 
    VEQIDIGGVT LLRAAAKNHA RVTVVCEPED YVVVSTEMQS SESKDTSLET RRQLALKAFT 
    HTAQYDEAIS DYFRKQYSKG VSQMPLRYGM NPHQTPAQLY TLQPKLPITV LNGAPGFINL 
    CDALNAWQLV KELKEALGIP AAASFKHVSP AGAAVGIPLS EDEAKVCMVY DLYKTLTPIS 
    AAYARARGAD RMSSFGDFVA LSDVCDVPTA KIISREVSDG IIAPGYEEEA LTILSKKKNG 
    NYCVLQMDQS YKPDENEVRT LFGLHLSQKR NNGVVDKSLF SNVVTKNKDL PESALRDLIV 
    ATIAVKYTQS NSVCYAKNGQ VIGIGAGQQS RIHCTRLAGD KANYWWLRHH PQVLSMKFKT 
    GVKRAEISNA IDQYVTGTIG EDEDLIKWKA LFEEVPELLT EAEKKEWVEK LTEVSISSDA 
    FFPFRDNVDR AKRSGVAYIA APSGSAADKV VIEACDELGI ILAHTNLRLF HH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.