Details for: ATOX1

Gene ID: 475

Symbol: ATOX1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556

Description: antioxidant 1 copper chaperone

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 403.9340
    Cell Significance Index: -62.8300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 235.3698
    Cell Significance Index: -59.7000
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 180.7511
    Cell Significance Index: -74.4600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 148.1818
    Cell Significance Index: -69.9600
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 132.3910
    Cell Significance Index: -68.1000
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 104.8401
    Cell Significance Index: -70.3500
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 55.7765
    Cell Significance Index: -68.7700
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 23.7937
    Cell Significance Index: -63.7400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 17.8558
    Cell Significance Index: -70.4600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 16.5524
    Cell Significance Index: -50.8400
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 10.1984
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 5.0737
    Cell Significance Index: 40.5100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 4.7717
    Cell Significance Index: 222.4800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 3.7959
    Cell Significance Index: 34.9600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 3.0592
    Cell Significance Index: 183.6600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 2.3486
    Cell Significance Index: 49.1600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 2.1830
    Cell Significance Index: 24.8000
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 2.1530
    Cell Significance Index: 13.2500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.9510
    Cell Significance Index: 1065.5000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.8825
    Cell Significance Index: 88.4800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.7998
    Cell Significance Index: 221.3100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.7712
    Cell Significance Index: 319.3000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 1.6490
    Cell Significance Index: 44.1100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.6055
    Cell Significance Index: 119.6600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 1.4208
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 1.3988
    Cell Significance Index: 41.0800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.3466
    Cell Significance Index: 172.6200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 1.3382
    Cell Significance Index: 94.6500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.2224
    Cell Significance Index: 167.8700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.1940
    Cell Significance Index: 527.9100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.1744
    Cell Significance Index: 30.8800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.1008
    Cell Significance Index: 142.2200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.0562
    Cell Significance Index: 124.5600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.8629
    Cell Significance Index: 19.9400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8568
    Cell Significance Index: 170.0400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.8379
    Cell Significance Index: 37.9800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7504
    Cell Significance Index: 122.0400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7360
    Cell Significance Index: 38.2400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.6102
    Cell Significance Index: 32.0400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.5691
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3242
    Cell Significance Index: 61.6900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.2988
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2957
    Cell Significance Index: 59.3200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2914
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2072
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5000
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 0.1362
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0991
    Cell Significance Index: 72.6600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0867
    Cell Significance Index: 31.0900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: 120.7700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -68.0100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -67.0700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0540
    Cell Significance Index: -73.4000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0576
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0618
    Cell Significance Index: -45.8100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.1034
    Cell Significance Index: -58.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1187
    Cell Significance Index: -53.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.1218
    Cell Significance Index: -76.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1511
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.2005
    Cell Significance Index: -57.7000
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.2592
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2797
    Cell Significance Index: -32.6000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2865
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.3291
    Cell Significance Index: -37.7000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.3323
    Cell Significance Index: -48.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.3496
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.3607
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.3632
    Cell Significance Index: -76.5100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4616
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3700
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.4991
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5569
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.5904
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.6250
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.6327
    Cell Significance Index: -65.8800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.7059
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.7163
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.7690
    Cell Significance Index: -48.4700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.7710
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.7958
    Cell Significance Index: -61.0700
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.8113
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.8867
    Cell Significance Index: -59.6200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.8980
    Cell Significance Index: -50.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -1.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -62.4200
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -1.1273
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9600
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -1.2232
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -1.2258
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -1.2975
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5800
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -1.3466
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4300
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -1.3477
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -1.5354
    Cell Significance Index: -67.9200
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -1.6046
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -1.6394
    Cell Significance Index: -60.1800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** ATOX1 is a small, 56-kDa protein that belongs to the metallothionein family of proteins. It is a copper-dependent protein chaperone that facilitates the proper folding and transport of copper-containing proteins, including enzymes and transcription factors. ATOX1 is highly expressed in cells involved in oxidative stress and immune response, suggesting its critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune function. **Pathways and Functions:** ATOX1 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Copper-dependent protein binding:** ATOX1 facilitates the binding of copper to specific protein targets, ensuring proper protein folding and function. 2. **Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS):** ATOX1 helps to neutralize ROS by binding to copper, which is then used to catalyze the reduction of ROS. 3. **Immune system function:** ATOX1 is expressed in immune cells and plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, including the production of antimicrobial peptides and the activation of immune cells. 4. **Intracellular copper ion homeostasis:** ATOX1 helps to regulate the levels of copper ions within the cell, ensuring that copper is available for its biological functions. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of ATOX1 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Copper metabolism disorders:** Mutations in the ATOX1 gene have been linked to copper metabolism disorders, such as Menkes disease and Wilson's disease. 2. **Immune system dysfunction:** ATOX1 has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, and dysregulation of ATOX1 has been linked to immune system dysfunction in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. 3. **Oxidative stress:** ATOX1 helps to regulate oxidative stress, and dysregulation of ATOX1 has been linked to oxidative stress-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In conclusion, ATOX1 is a multifaceted protein that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune function. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of ATOX1 in human health and disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which ATOX1 regulates cellular homeostasis and immune function, and to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases related to ATOX1 dysfunction.

Genular Protein ID: 179751385

Symbol: ATOX1_HUMAN

Name: Metal transport protein ATX1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00244 A8KAJ8 D3DQI2 Q2M1R6 Q56AP3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 4 EMBL 9 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 17 PDBsum 17 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9083055

Title: Identification and functional expression of HAH1, a novel human gene involved in copper homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 9083055

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.14.9221

PubMed ID: 12594858

Title: Genomic organization of ATOX1, a human copper chaperone.

PubMed ID: 12594858

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-4-4

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21667063

Title: The copper-transporting capacity of ATP7A mutants associated with Menkes disease is ameliorated by COMMD1 as a result of improved protein expression.

PubMed ID: 21667063

DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0743-1

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24837030

Title: Probing the structural flexibility of the human copper metallochaperone Atox1 dimer and its interaction with the CTR1 c-terminal domain.

PubMed ID: 24837030

DOI: 10.1021/jp412589b

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26745413

Title: The C-Terminus of Human Copper Importer Ctr1 Acts as a Binding Site and Transfers Copper to Atox1.

PubMed ID: 26745413

DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.016

PubMed ID: 10966647

Title: Structural basis for copper transfer by the metallochaperone for the Menkes/Wilson disease proteins.

PubMed ID: 10966647

DOI: 10.1038/78999

PubMed ID: 19453293

Title: Copper(I)-mediated protein-protein interactions result from suboptimal interaction surfaces.

PubMed ID: 19453293

DOI: 10.1042/bj20090422

PubMed ID: 31283225

Title: Mechanistic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Copper Trafficking by Platinum Anticancer Drugs.

PubMed ID: 31283225

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05550

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 68
  • Mass: 7402
  • Checksum: 0B364B1BD1279314
  • Sequence:
    • MPKHEFSVDM TCGGCAEAVS RVLNKLGGVK YDIDLPNKKV CIESEHSMDT LLATLKKTGK 
TVSYLGLE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.