Details for: ATP1A2

Gene ID: 477

Symbol: ATP1A2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000018625

Description: ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 198.5275
    Cell Significance Index: -30.8800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 122.4554
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 7.8788
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 7.6329
    Cell Significance Index: 106.7400
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 7.0276
    Cell Significance Index: 171.4700
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 5.7576
    Cell Significance Index: 92.9000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 3.4188
    Cell Significance Index: 87.8800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 2.0408
    Cell Significance Index: 51.0200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.8074
    Cell Significance Index: 138.7000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.7278
    Cell Significance Index: 55.3400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 1.6535
    Cell Significance Index: 1050.1500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.4178
    Cell Significance Index: 86.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.2996
    Cell Significance Index: 28.1600
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 1.2977
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4200
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 1.2423
    Cell Significance Index: 21.4800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.9789
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.9101
    Cell Significance Index: 116.6700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5450
    Cell Significance Index: 103.7200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2717
    Cell Significance Index: 54.5100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.2554
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.2372
    Cell Significance Index: 107.6400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.2083
    Cell Significance Index: 59.9300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1917
    Cell Significance Index: 173.1000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1098
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0606
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0398
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: -28.4600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -32.7700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -28.8800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0401
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -29.3800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0567
    Cell Significance Index: -30.9800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.0655
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.0796
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1020
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1055
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9800
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.1131
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.1228
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1376
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.1515
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1526
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1744
    Cell Significance Index: -29.7800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1949
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2049
    Cell Significance Index: -23.8800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2099
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2290
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.2333
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2637
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2684
    Cell Significance Index: -30.7500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2764
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2814
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1800
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.2999
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3593
    Cell Significance Index: -26.7800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.4001
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.4367
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1800
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: -0.4778
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.5409
    Cell Significance Index: -28.4000
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.5418
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.5619
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.5669
    Cell Significance Index: -29.4500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.6348
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.6602
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.6638
    Cell Significance Index: -30.9500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.6774
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.6932
    Cell Significance Index: -30.6600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.7538
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.7543
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2100
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.7752
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.8024
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3900
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.8073
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.8093
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5000
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.8157
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.8227
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.8268
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.8312
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.8529
    Cell Significance Index: -31.3100
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: -0.8530
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4400
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.8543
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7800
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.8819
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5500
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.9335
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.9353
    Cell Significance Index: -26.8100
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: -0.9367
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.9734
    Cell Significance Index: -28.6700
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.9804
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8000
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: -1.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -1.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0400
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -1.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -32.9900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -1.0490
    Cell Significance Index: -28.0100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Function**: The ATP1A2 gene encodes for the alpha 2 subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which is responsible for pumping sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into cells, maintaining the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes. 2. **Cellular localization**: The ATP1A2 gene is expressed in various cell types, including astrocytes, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle fibers, and others. 3. **Protein structure**: The ATP1A2 protein is a subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, consisting of multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic tail. 4. **Regulation**: The ATP1A2 gene is regulated by various factors, including calcium ions, steroids, and glycosides, which can modulate its expression and activity. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Cardiac function**: The ATP1A2 gene plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function, including heart contraction, relaxation, and electrical conduction. 2. **Muscle contraction**: The ATP1A2 gene is involved in regulating muscle contraction, including striated muscle contraction and smooth muscle contraction. 3. **Neuronal signaling**: The ATP1A2 gene is expressed in neurons and plays a role in regulating neuronal signaling, including neurotransmitter uptake and release. 4. **Ion homeostasis**: The ATP1A2 gene helps maintain ion homeostasis, including potassium and sodium ion balance, across cell membranes. 5. **Cellular response to stimuli**: The ATP1A2 gene is involved in regulating cellular responses to various stimuli, including mechanical stimuli, steroid hormones, and glycosides. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cardiac disorders**: Mutations in the ATP1A2 gene have been associated with various cardiac disorders, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. 2. **Muscle disorders**: The ATP1A2 gene is involved in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, making it a potential target for treating muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophy. 3. **Neurological disorders**: The ATP1A2 gene is expressed in neurons and plays a role in regulating neuronal signaling, making it a potential target for treating neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Infectious diseases**: The ATP1A2 gene is involved in regulating cellular responses to viral infections, making it a potential target for treating infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV. In conclusion, the ATP1A2 gene plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, including ion homeostasis, muscle contraction, and neuronal signaling. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various clinical disorders, highlighting the importance of further research into the function and regulation of this gene.

Genular Protein ID: 1273068790

Symbol: AT1A2_HUMAN

Name: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2477373

Title: Characterization of the human Na,K-ATPase alpha 2 gene and identification of intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

PubMed ID: 2477373

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71525-1

PubMed ID: 9872452

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 9872452

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/5.5.277

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3035563

Title: Multiple genes encode the human Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunit.

PubMed ID: 3035563

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4039

PubMed ID: 3036582

Title: The family of human Na+,K+-ATPase genes. No less than five genes and/or pseudogenes related to the alpha-subunit.

PubMed ID: 3036582

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80677-4

PubMed ID: 2537767

Title: Family of human Na+,K+-ATPase genes. Structure of the putative regulatory region of the alpha+-gene.

PubMed ID: 2537767

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80588-5

PubMed ID: 7711835

Title: Subcellular distribution and immunocytochemical localization of Na,K-ATPase subunit isoforms in human skeletal muscle.

PubMed ID: 7711835

DOI: 10.3109/09687689409160435

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 12953268

Title: Novel mutations in the Na+, K+-ATPase pump gene ATP1A2 associated with familial hemiplegic migraine and benign familial infantile convulsions.

PubMed ID: 12953268

DOI: 10.1002/ana.10674

PubMed ID: 12539047

Title: Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump alpha2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2.

PubMed ID: 12539047

DOI: 10.1038/ng1081

PubMed ID: 15174025

Title: Alternating hemiplegia of childhood or familial hemiplegic migraine? A novel ATP1A2 mutation.

PubMed ID: 15174025

DOI: 10.1002/ana.20134

PubMed ID: 21352219

Title: Prolonged sporadic hemiplegic migraine associated with a novel de novo missense ATP1A2 gene mutation.

PubMed ID: 21352219

DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01793.x

PubMed ID: 23838748

Title: Functional characterization of a novel C-terminal ATP1A2 mutation causing hemiplegic migraine and epilepsy.

PubMed ID: 23838748

DOI: 10.1177/0333102413495116

PubMed ID: 23918834

Title: A novel ATP1A2 gene mutation in familial hemiplegic migraine and epilepsy.

PubMed ID: 23918834

DOI: 10.1177/0333102413498941

PubMed ID: 27864847

Title: Diagnostic targeted resequencing in 349 patients with drug-resistant pediatric epilepsies identifies causative mutations in 30 different genes.

PubMed ID: 27864847

DOI: 10.1002/humu.23149

PubMed ID: 31608932

Title: A novel lethal recognizable polymicrogyric syndrome caused by ATP1A2 homozygous truncating variants.

PubMed ID: 31608932

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz272

PubMed ID: 30690204

Title: Biallelic loss of function variants in ATP1A2 cause hydrops fetalis, microcephaly, arthrogryposis and extensive cortical malformations.

PubMed ID: 30690204

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.014

PubMed ID: 33880529

Title: ATP1A2- and ATP1A3-associated early profound epileptic encephalopathy and polymicrogyria.

PubMed ID: 33880529

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab052

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1020
  • Mass: 112265
  • Checksum: AFBD8EA94FFB4FC3
  • Sequence:
  • MGRGAGREYS PAATTAENGG GKKKQKEKEL DELKKEVAMD DHKLSLDELG RKYQVDLSKG 
    LTNQRAQDVL ARDGPNALTP PPTTPEWVKF CRQLFGGFSI LLWIGAILCF LAYGIQAAME 
    DEPSNDNLYL GVVLAAVVIV TGCFSYYQEA KSSKIMDSFK NMVPQQALVI REGEKMQINA 
    EEVVVGDLVE VKGGDRVPAD LRIISSHGCK VDNSSLTGES EPQTRSPEFT HENPLETRNI 
    CFFSTNCVEG TARGIVIATG DRTVMGRIAT LASGLEVGRT PIAMEIEHFI QLITGVAVFL 
    GVSFFVLSLI LGYSWLEAVI FLIGIIVANV PEGLLATVTV CLTLTAKRMA RKNCLVKNLE 
    AVETLGSTST ICSDKTGTLT QNRMTVAHMW FDNQIHEADT TEDQSGATFD KRSPTWTALS 
    RIAGLCNRAV FKAGQENISV SKRDTAGDAS ESALLKCIEL SCGSVRKMRD RNPKVAEIPF 
    NSTNKYQLSI HEREDSPQSH VLVMKGAPER ILDRCSTILV QGKEIPLDKE MQDAFQNAYM 
    ELGGLGERVL GFCQLNLPSG KFPRGFKFDT DELNFPTEKL CFVGLMSMID PPRAAVPDAV 
    GKCRSAGIKV IMVTGDHPIT AKAIAKGVGI ISEGNETVED IAARLNIPMS QVNPREAKAC 
    VVHGSDLKDM TSEQLDEILK NHTEIVFART SPQQKLIIVE GCQRQGAIVA VTGDGVNDSP 
    ALKKADIGIA MGISGSDVSK QAADMILLDD NFASIVTGVE EGRLIFDNLK KSIAYTLTSN 
    IPEITPFLLF IIANIPLPLG TVTILCIDLG TDMVPAISLA YEAAESDIMK RQPRNSQTDK 
    LVNERLISMA YGQIGMIQAL GGFFTYFVIL AENGFLPSRL LGIRLDWDDR TMNDLEDSYG 
    QEWTYEQRKV VEFTCHTAFF ASIVVVQWAD LIICKTRRNS VFQQGMKNKI LIFGLLEETA 
    LAAFLSYCPG MGVALRMYPL KVTWWFCAFP YSLLIFIYDE VRKLILRRYP GGWVEKETYY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.