Details for: ACR

Gene ID: 49

Symbol: ACR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100312

Description: acrosin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 4.2579
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.4757
    Cell Significance Index: 31.9700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.2730
    Cell Significance Index: 78.0500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.7567
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3300
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.5413
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.4353
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3847
    Cell Significance Index: 38.0600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2310
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8700
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2276
    Cell Significance Index: 205.5100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2192
    Cell Significance Index: 23.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1873
    Cell Significance Index: 30.4700
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.1828
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.1721
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1428
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1060
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0560
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.0527
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.0237
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8800
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0208
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0346
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0357
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Acrosin is a serine protease enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. It is a part of the acrosome, a specialized structure found on the surface of sperm cells. The enzyme has a highly specific activity towards its substrates, including the zona pellucida, and is activated by calcium ions. Acrosin has a unique catalytic mechanism, involving a covalent binding of calcium ions to the enzyme's active site. This binding event triggers a conformational change, enabling the enzyme to degrade the zona pellucida and facilitate sperm penetration. **Pathways and Functions:** Acrosin's primary function is to catalyze the degradation of the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein layer surrounding the egg. This process is essential for fertilization, as it allows sperm to penetrate the egg and fuse with it. Acrosin's activity also plays a role in the activation of adenylate cyclase activity, which is involved in signaling pathways that regulate fertilization and embryogenesis. In addition to its role in fertilization, acrosin has been implicated in various immunological processes, including: 1. **Sperm-zona pellucida binding:** Acrosin's activity is essential for the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida, a critical step in fertilization. 2. **Zona pellucida degradation:** Acrosin's degradation of the zona pellucida allows sperm to penetrate the egg and fuse with it. 3. **Activation of adenylate cyclase activity:** Acrosin's activity is involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase, a key enzyme in signaling pathways that regulate fertilization and embryogenesis. 4. **Copper ion binding:** Acrosin's binding of copper ions is essential for its catalytic activity and structure. 5. **DNA binding:** Acrosin's binding to DNA has been implicated in its role in fertilization and embryogenesis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of acrosin has been linked to various diseases, including: 1. **Infertility:** Abnormalities in acrosin's structure and function have been implicated in infertility, including failure of sperm to penetrate the egg. 2. **Cancer:** Acrosin's expression has been found in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer, where it is thought to play a role in tumor progression. 3. **Neurological disorders:** Acrosin's expression has been found in the brain, where it is thought to play a role in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, acrosin is a critical enzyme involved in fertilization and immunological processes. Its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, highlighting the importance of this enzyme in maintaining reproductive and overall health. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role of acrosin in disease and to develop therapeutic strategies to modulate its activity.

Genular Protein ID: 2403284358

Symbol: ACRO_HUMAN

Name: Acrosin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P10323 Q6ICK2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 EMBL 14 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 21 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2493394

Title: Primary structure of human proacrosin deduced from its cDNA sequence.

PubMed ID: 2493394

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80549-6

PubMed ID: 2114285

Title: Nucleotide sequence and exon-intron organization of the human proacrosin gene.

PubMed ID: 2114285

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15564.x

PubMed ID: 2298447

Title: Molecular cloning of human preproacrosin cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2298447

DOI: 10.1007/bf00208925

PubMed ID: 1628652

Title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and restriction mapping of the genomic sequence encoding human proacrosin.

PubMed ID: 1628652

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17014.x

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 7521127

Title: Inhibition of acrosin by protein C inhibitor and localization of protein C inhibitor to spermatozoa.

PubMed ID: 7521127

DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.2.c466

PubMed ID: 11839395

Title: Evaluation of the proacrosin/acrosin system and its mechanism of activation in human sperm extracts.

PubMed ID: 11839395

DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(01)00080-8

PubMed ID: 37004249

Title: ACROSIN deficiency causes total fertilization failure in humans by preventing the sperm from penetrating the zona pellucida.

PubMed ID: 37004249

DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead059

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 421
  • Mass: 45847
  • Checksum: 7A2F7ECEC98008FA
  • Sequence:
    • MVEMLPTAIL LVLAVSVVAK DNATCDGPCG LRFRQNPQGG VRIVGGKAAQ HGAWPWMVSL 
QIFTYNSHRY HTCGGSLLNS RWVLTAAHCF VGKNNVHDWR LVFGAKEITY GNNKPVKAPL 
QERYVEKIII HEKYNSATEG NDIALVEITP PISCGRFIGP GCLPHFKAGL PRGSQSCWVA 
GWGYIEEKAP RPSSILMEAR VDLIDLDLCN STQWYNGRVQ PTNVCAGYPV GKIDTCQGDS 
GGPLMCKDSK ESAYVVVGIT SWGVGCARAK RPGIYTATWP YLNWIASKIG SNALRMIQSA 
TPPPPTTRPP PIRPPFSHPI SAHLPWYFQP PPRPLPPRPP AAQPRPPPSP PPPPPPPASP 
LPPPPPPPPP TPSSTTKLPQ GLSFAKRLQQ LIEVLKGKTY SDGKNHYDME TTELPELTST 
S

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.