Details for: ACR

Gene ID: 49

Symbol: ACR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100312

Description: acrosin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 857
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 7,668
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,820
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,832
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,057
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 509
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,409
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 462
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,345
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 388
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 373
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,292
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 492
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,264
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 705
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 396
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 747
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 368
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 455
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 204
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 512
  • Cell Name: gut endothelial cell (CL0000131)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 81
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 92
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 154
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 148
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 95
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 40
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 77
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of uterus (CL0009095)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 135
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 103
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 53
  • Cell Name: glomerular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001005)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: glomerular endothelial cell (CL0002188)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 135
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 81
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic precursor cell (CL0008001)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: vasa recta ascending limb cell (CL1001131)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 66
  • Cell Name: peritubular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001033)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: amacrine cell (CL0000561)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 149
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: vasa recta descending limb cell (CL1001285)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell (CL0000077)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000003)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 115
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 11

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Acrosin is a serine protease enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. It is a part of the acrosome, a specialized structure found on the surface of sperm cells. The enzyme has a highly specific activity towards its substrates, including the zona pellucida, and is activated by calcium ions. Acrosin has a unique catalytic mechanism, involving a covalent binding of calcium ions to the enzyme's active site. This binding event triggers a conformational change, enabling the enzyme to degrade the zona pellucida and facilitate sperm penetration. **Pathways and Functions:** Acrosin's primary function is to catalyze the degradation of the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein layer surrounding the egg. This process is essential for fertilization, as it allows sperm to penetrate the egg and fuse with it. Acrosin's activity also plays a role in the activation of adenylate cyclase activity, which is involved in signaling pathways that regulate fertilization and embryogenesis. In addition to its role in fertilization, acrosin has been implicated in various immunological processes, including: 1. **Sperm-zona pellucida binding:** Acrosin's activity is essential for the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida, a critical step in fertilization. 2. **Zona pellucida degradation:** Acrosin's degradation of the zona pellucida allows sperm to penetrate the egg and fuse with it. 3. **Activation of adenylate cyclase activity:** Acrosin's activity is involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase, a key enzyme in signaling pathways that regulate fertilization and embryogenesis. 4. **Copper ion binding:** Acrosin's binding of copper ions is essential for its catalytic activity and structure. 5. **DNA binding:** Acrosin's binding to DNA has been implicated in its role in fertilization and embryogenesis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of acrosin has been linked to various diseases, including: 1. **Infertility:** Abnormalities in acrosin's structure and function have been implicated in infertility, including failure of sperm to penetrate the egg. 2. **Cancer:** Acrosin's expression has been found in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer, where it is thought to play a role in tumor progression. 3. **Neurological disorders:** Acrosin's expression has been found in the brain, where it is thought to play a role in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, acrosin is a critical enzyme involved in fertilization and immunological processes. Its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, highlighting the importance of this enzyme in maintaining reproductive and overall health. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role of acrosin in disease and to develop therapeutic strategies to modulate its activity.

Genular Protein ID: 2403284358

Symbol: ACRO_HUMAN

Name: Acrosin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P10323 Q6ICK2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 EMBL 14 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 21 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2493394

Title: Primary structure of human proacrosin deduced from its cDNA sequence.

PubMed ID: 2493394

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80549-6

PubMed ID: 2114285

Title: Nucleotide sequence and exon-intron organization of the human proacrosin gene.

PubMed ID: 2114285

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15564.x

PubMed ID: 2298447

Title: Molecular cloning of human preproacrosin cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2298447

DOI: 10.1007/bf00208925

PubMed ID: 1628652

Title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and restriction mapping of the genomic sequence encoding human proacrosin.

PubMed ID: 1628652

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17014.x

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 7521127

Title: Inhibition of acrosin by protein C inhibitor and localization of protein C inhibitor to spermatozoa.

PubMed ID: 7521127

DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.2.c466

PubMed ID: 11839395

Title: Evaluation of the proacrosin/acrosin system and its mechanism of activation in human sperm extracts.

PubMed ID: 11839395

DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(01)00080-8

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 421
  • Mass: 45847
  • Checksum: 7A2F7ECEC98008FA
  • Sequence:
    • MVEMLPTAIL LVLAVSVVAK DNATCDGPCG LRFRQNPQGG VRIVGGKAAQ HGAWPWMVSL 
QIFTYNSHRY HTCGGSLLNS RWVLTAAHCF VGKNNVHDWR LVFGAKEITY GNNKPVKAPL 
QERYVEKIII HEKYNSATEG NDIALVEITP PISCGRFIGP GCLPHFKAGL PRGSQSCWVA 
GWGYIEEKAP RPSSILMEAR VDLIDLDLCN STQWYNGRVQ PTNVCAGYPV GKIDTCQGDS 
GGPLMCKDSK ESAYVVVGIT SWGVGCARAK RPGIYTATWP YLNWIASKIG SNALRMIQSA 
TPPPPTTRPP PIRPPFSHPI SAHLPWYFQP PPRPLPPRPP AAQPRPPPSP PPPPPPPASP 
LPPPPPPPPP TPSSTTKLPQ GLSFAKRLQQ LIEVLKGKTY SDGKNHYDME TTELPELTST 
S

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.