Details for: ANLN

Gene ID: 54443

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ANLN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000011426

Description: anillin, actin binding protein

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 10.87
    rCSI 10.85%
    PRS 87.81
  • oligodendrocyte CL0000128
    CSI 7.83
    rCSI 23.13%
    PRS 85.03
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 4.98
    rCSI 13.22%
    PRS 93.13
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 9.25%
    PRS 90.68
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 3.84
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 86.14
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 3.34%
    PRS 89.58
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.53%
    PRS 87.16
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 93.82
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 11.53%
    PRS 86.66
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 4.03%
    PRS 93.93
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 91.44
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 4.31%
    PRS 95.62
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 92.71
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 7.35%
    PRS 87.62
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 94.39
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.56%
    PRS 93.82
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.97%
    PRS 88.69
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 94.14
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 8.15%
    PRS 95.14
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 6.37%
    PRS 80.39
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 91.19
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 92.4

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) (anillin) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7p14.2 that encodes a crucial scaffold protein involved in cell division. Anillin is primarily known for its essential role in cytokinesis, where it functions as an actin-binding protein that links the actomyosin contractile ring to the plasma membrane, ensuring the successful physical separation of daughter cells [Link](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.150.3.539). Functional annotations confirm its central role in processes such as [actomyosin contractile ring assembly](/details-cell/GO:0000915) and [mitotic cytokinesis](/details-cell/GO:0000281), as well as its involvement in Rho GTPase signaling pathways. Expression data indicates that **Overall**, [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) is a significant gene in highly proliferative or structurally complex cell types, including [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012) and various progenitor populations like [erythroblast](/details-cell/CL0000765) and [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034). Due to its fundamental role in cell proliferation, its overexpression has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of diverse human tumors [Link](https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0997). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) highlights its importance in cells undergoing active division, differentiation, or significant cytoskeletal remodeling. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012) (CSI: 10.87), suggesting a critical function in the generation or maintenance of this specialized cell type. The gene is also a prominent marker across a wide range of progenitor and developing cells, which is consistent with its core function in cytokinesis. This includes its high significance in: * **Neural development:** [oligodendrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000128) (CSI: 7.83), [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338) (CSI: 3.84), and [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) (CSI: 3.20). * **Hematopoiesis:** [erythroblast](/details-cell/CL0000765) (CSI: 4.98), [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 2.97), and [promyelocyte](/details-cell/CL0000836) (CSI: 2.04). * **General progenitors:** [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 3.47). This broad expression pattern in developing and rapidly dividing lineages underscores the fundamental requirement of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) for organismal growth and tissue homeostasis. Its presence in specialized cells like [intestinal tuft cell](/details-cell/CL0019032) and [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) further suggests its role extends to post-mitotic cytoskeletal organization or other specialized cellular processes. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) are tightly linked to the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during cell division. As an [actin binding](/details-cell/GO:0003779) protein, it is a core component of the [actomyosin contractile ring](/details-cell/GO:0005826), which is essential for [mitotic cytokinesis](/details-cell/GO:0000281). Its localization to the [midbody](/details-cell/GO:0030496) during late-stage division further supports its role in the final abscission step. [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) acts as a molecular scaffold, integrating signals that control the timing and execution of cell separation. This is reflected by its deep involvement in the [Signaling by rho gtpases](/details-cell/R-HSA-194315) pathway, including the specific [Rhoa gtpase cycle](/details-cell/R-HSA-8980692). The protein's function is regulated by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which controls its stability and ensures its activity is restricted to the correct phase of mitosis [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m504657200). Published research confirms that [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) binds nonmuscle myosin II, directly contributing to the regulation of the contractile ring [Link](https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0758), and plays a critical role in carcinogenesis through activation of RHOA [Link](https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1507). ## Research Directions The established role of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) in cytokinesis and its overexpression in cancer provide a solid foundation for further investigation, particularly regarding its tissue-specific functions and therapeutic potential. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high significance in [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012), [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) may possess a secondary, post-mitotic function in these cells beyond proliferation, such as organizing the apical actin network required for the proper anchoring and coordinated movement of cilia. 2. The consistent high expression of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) across diverse progenitor lineages ([erythroblast](/details-cell/CL0000765), [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338), [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034)) suggests that its precise expression level is a key determinant of cell fate, potentially regulating the balance between symmetric proliferative divisions and asymmetric differentiating divisions. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) in [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012), a robust experimental model would be an *in vitro* air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. One could use a doxycycline-inducible shRNA system to achieve temporal knockdown of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) expression at different stages of differentiation. By knocking down [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) *after* the initial proliferative phase but *before* extensive ciliogenesis, its specific role in cilia formation and function can be isolated from its role in cell division. Endpoints would include super-resolution microscopy to analyze the integrity of the apical actin meshwork (Phalloidin staining), quantification of ciliated cells (acetylated tubulin staining), and high-speed video microscopy to assess ciliary beat frequency and coordination. **Therapeutic Potential:** As [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) is overexpressed in numerous cancers and is essential for proliferation, it represents a compelling target for anti-cancer therapy. Direct inhibition of its function could be a potent strategy to induce mitotic arrest and cell death in rapidly dividing tumor cells. However, because it is an intracellular scaffold protein without a clear enzymatic active site, developing small molecule inhibitors is challenging. A more viable strategy may be to target its critical protein-protein interactions, such as its binding to RHOA. Furthermore, due to its strong association with cell division, the expression level of [ANLN](/details-gene/54443) in tumor biopsies could serve as a powerful prognostic biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and predicting patient outcomes. The therapeutic strategy would be **inhibition** to halt the uncontrolled proliferation driven by its overexpression.

Genular Protein ID: 75974136

Symbol: ANLN_HUMAN

Name: Anillin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NQW6 Q5CZ78 Q6NSK5 Q9H8Y4 Q9NVN9 Q9NVP0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 17 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10931866

Title: Functional analysis of a human homolog of the Drosophila actin binding protein anillin suggests a role in cytokinesis.

PubMed ID: 10931866

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.150.3.539

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12479805

Title: Self- and actin-templated assembly of mammalian septins.

PubMed ID: 12479805

DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00366-0

PubMed ID: 12637748

Title: Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 12637748

DOI: 10.1126/science.1081412

PubMed ID: 16357138

Title: ANLN plays a critical role in human lung carcinogenesis through the activation of RHOA and by involvement in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway.

PubMed ID: 16357138

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1507

PubMed ID: 16203764

Title: The septin-binding protein anillin is overexpressed in diverse human tumors.

PubMed ID: 16203764

DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0997

PubMed ID: 16040610

Title: Anillin is a substrate of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that controls spatial contractility of myosin during late cytokinesis.

PubMed ID: 16040610

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504657200

PubMed ID: 15496454

Title: Anillin binds nonmuscle myosin II and regulates the contractile ring.

PubMed ID: 15496454

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0758

PubMed ID: 15616196

Title: Ablation of PRC1 by small interfering RNA demonstrates that cytokinetic abscission requires a central spindle bundle in mammalian cells, whereas completion of furrowing does not.

PubMed ID: 15616196

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-04-0346

PubMed ID: 15800069

Title: Clues to CD2-associated protein involvement in cytokinesis.

PubMed ID: 15800069

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0773

PubMed ID: 16129829

Title: MgcRacGAP controls the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis.

PubMed ID: 16129829

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504145102

PubMed ID: 16964243

Title: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.

PubMed ID: 16964243

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1240

PubMed ID: 17924679

Title: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra.

PubMed ID: 17924679

DOI: 10.1021/pr070152u

PubMed ID: 18220336

Title: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis.

PubMed ID: 18220336

DOI: 10.1021/pr0705441

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23870127

Title: Cortical dynein and asymmetric membrane elongation coordinately position the spindle in anaphase.

PubMed ID: 23870127

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.010

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24676636

Title: Mutations in the gene that encodes the F-actin binding protein anillin cause FSGS.

PubMed ID: 24676636

DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090976

PubMed ID: 25114211

Title: Mapping of SUMO sites and analysis of SUMOylation changes induced by external stimuli.

PubMed ID: 25114211

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413825111

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1124
  • Mass: 124199
  • Checksum: 79A8CC25C950DB2D
  • Sequence:
    • MDPFTEKLLE RTRARRENLQ RKMAERPTAA PRSMTHAKRA RQPLSEASNQ QPLSGGEEKS 
CTKPSPSKKR CSDNTEVEVS NLENKQPVES TSAKSCSPSP VSPQVQPQAA DTISDSVAVP 
ASLLGMRRGL NSRLEATAAS SVKTRMQKLA EQRRRWDNDD MTDDIPESSL FSPMPSEEKA 
ASPPRPLLSN ASATPVGRRG RLANLAATIC SWEDDVNHSF AKQNSVQEQP GTACLSKFSS 
ASGASARINS SSVKQEATFC SQRDGDASLN KALSSSADDA SLVNASISSS VKATSPVKST 
TSITDAKSCE GQNPELLPKT PISPLKTGVS KPIVKSTLSQ TVPSKGELSR EICLQSQSKD 
KSTTPGGTGI KPFLERFGER CQEHSKESPA RSTPHRTPII TPNTKAIQER LFKQDTSSST 
THLAQQLKQE RQKELACLRG RFDKGNIWSA EKGGNSKSKQ LETKQETHCQ STPLKKHQGV 
SKTQSLPVTE KVTENQIPAK NSSTEPKGFT ECEMTKSSPL KITLFLEEDK SLKVTSDPKV 
EQKIEVIREI EMSVDDDDIN SSKVINDLFS DVLEEGELDM EKSQEEMDQA LAESSEEQED 
ALNISSMSLL APLAQTVGVV SPESLVSTPR LELKDTSRSD ESPKPGKFQR TRVPRAESGD 
SLGSEDRDLL YSIDAYRSQR FKETERPSIK QVIVRKEDVT SKLDEKNNAF PCQVNIKQKM 
QELNNEINMQ QTVIYQASQA LNCCVDEEHG KGSLEEAEAE RLLLIATGKR TLLIDELNKL 
KNEGPQRKNK ASPQSEFMPS KGSVTLSEIR LPLKADFVCS TVQKPDAANY YYLIILKAGA 
ENMVATPLAS TSNSLNGDAL TFTTTFTLQD VSNDFEINIE VYSLVQKKDP SGLDKKKKTS 
KSKAITPKRL LTSITTKSNI HSSVMASPGG LSAVRTSNFA LVGSYTLSLS SVGNTKFVLD 
KVPFLSSLEG HIYLKIKCQV NSSVEERGFL TIFEDVSGFG AWHRRWCVLS GNCISYWTYP 
DDEKRKNPIG RINLANCTSR QIEPANREFC ARRNTFELIT VRPQREDDRE TLVSQCRDTL 
CVTKNWLSAD TKEERDLWMQ KLNQVLVDIR LWQPDACYKP IGKP

Genular Protein ID: 2153050722

Symbol: A8K5D9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A8K5D9

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 Gene3D 1 InterPro 6 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1086
  • Mass: 119899
  • Checksum: 0CE2B8C9113066FD
  • Sequence:
    • MDPFTEKLLE RTRARRENLQ RKMAERPTAA PRSMTHAKRA RQPLSEASNQ QPLSGGEEKS 
CTKPSPSKKR CSDNTEVEVS NLENKQPVES TSAKSCSPSP VSPQVQPQAA DTISDSVAVP 
ASLLGMRRGL NSRLEATAAS SVKTRMQKLA EQRRRWDNDD MTDDIPESSL FSPMPSEEKA 
ASPPRPLLSN ASATPVGRRG RLANLAATIC SWEDDVNHSF AKQNSVQEQP GTACLSKFSS 
ASGASARINS SSVKQEATFC SQRDGDASLN KALSSSADDA SLVNASISSS VKATSPVKST 
TSITDAKSCE GQNPELLPKT PISPLKTGVS KPIVKSTLSQ TVPSKGELSR EICLQSQSKD 
KSTTPGGTGI KPFLERFGER CQEHSKESPA RSTPHRTPII TPNTKAIQER LFKQDTSSST 
THLAQQLKQE RQKELACLRG RFDKGNIWSA EKGGNSKSKQ LETKQETHCQ STPLKKHQGV 
SKTQSLPVTE KVTENQIPAK NSSTEPKVIR EIEMSVDDDD INSSKVINDL FSDVLEEGEL 
DMEKSQEEMD QALAESSEEQ EDALNISSMS LLAPLAQTVG VVSPESLVST PRLELKDTSR 
SDESPKPGKF QRTRVPRAES GDSLGSEDRD LLYSIDAYRS QRFKETERPS IKQVIVRKED 
VTSKLDEKNN AFPCQVNIKQ KMQELNNEIN MQQTVIYQAS QALNCCVDEE HGKGSLEEAE 
AERLLLIATG KRTLLIDELN KLKNEGPQRK NKASPQSEFM PSKGSVTLSE IRLPLKADFV 
CSTVQKPDAA NYYYLIILKA GAENMVATPL ASTSNSLNGD ALTFITTFTL QDVSNDFEIN 
IEVYSLVQKK DPSGLDKKKK TSKSKAITPK RLLTSITTKS NIHSSVMASP GGLSAVRTSN 
FALVGSYTLS LSSVGNTKFV LDKVPFLSSL EGHIYLKIKC QVNSSVEERG FLTIFEDVSG 
FGAWHRRWCV LSGNCISYWT YPDDEKRKNP IGRINLANCT SRQIEPANRE FCARRNTFEL 
ITVRPQREDD RETLVSQCRD TLCVTKNWLS ADTKEERDLW MQKLNQVLVD IRLWQPDACY 
KPIGKP