Details for: AZU1

Gene ID: 566

Symbol: AZU1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172232

Description: azurocidin 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 12.4723
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 5.6378
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 5.0798
    Cell Significance Index: 33.7000
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 4.4206
    Cell Significance Index: 28.2200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 2.8253
    Cell Significance Index: 41.1800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 1.3545
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 0.6437
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.3787
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2400
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.2110
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1120
    Cell Significance Index: 13.0500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0877
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0684
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0326
    Cell Significance Index: 11.6900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0259
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0333
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0378
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0454
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0463
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0480
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: immature neutrophil (CL0000776)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: promonocyte (CL0000559)
    Fold Change: -0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: basophil mast progenitor cell (CL0002028)
    Fold Change: -0.0640
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0665
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0670
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: -0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.0701
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0705
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.0708
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0723
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0727
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** AZU1 is a serine-type endopeptidase with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa. It is a member of the azurophil granule family, which is characterized by the presence of a calcium-binding domain. The protein is highly expressed in cells involved in the innate immune response, particularly in neutrophils and monocytes. AZU1 exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, and its expression is induced in response to bacterial and viral infections. **Pathways and Functions** AZU1 is involved in various pathways and functions, including: 1. **Antimicrobial Humoral Response**: AZU1 exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, which is mediated by its ability to degrade bacterial cell walls. 2. **Azurophil Granule**: AZU1 is a key component of the azurophil granule, a specialized organelle found in neutrophils and monocytes that stores antimicrobial peptides and proteins. 3. **Cell Chemotaxis**: AZU1 regulates the chemotactic movement of immune cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, towards sites of infection. 4. **Inflammatory Response**: AZU1 modulates the inflammatory response by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF. 5. **Neutrophil-Mediated Killing of Bacterium**: AZU1 is involved in the killing of gram-negative bacteria by neutrophils, which is mediated by its antimicrobial activity. **Clinical Significance** AZU1 has significant implications in various disease states, including: 1. **Infectious Diseases**: AZU1 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infections, such as sepsis and pneumonia. 2. **Inflammatory Disorders**: AZU1 modulates the inflammatory response, which is involved in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. 3. **Cancer**: AZU1 has been implicated in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis, particularly in colorectal cancer. 4. **Neurological Disorders**: AZU1 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glial cell migration and activation, which is involved in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. In conclusion, AZU1 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in the innate immune response, particularly in the regulation of antimicrobial activity, cell chemotaxis, and inflammatory responses. Its dysregulation has significant implications in various disease states, including infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 2118109621

Symbol: CAP7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1919011

Title: Cloning of the cDNA for the serine protease homolog CAP37/azurocidin, a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes.

PubMed ID: 1919011

PubMed ID: 1518849

Title: Three human elastase-like genes coordinately expressed in the myelomonocyte lineage are organized as a single genetic locus on 19pter.

PubMed ID: 1518849

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8215

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2049091

Title: Complementary DNA sequence of human neutrophil azurocidin, an antibiotic with extensive homology to serine proteases.

PubMed ID: 2049091

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91843-2

PubMed ID: 2226832

Title: Amino acid sequence of CAP37, a human neutrophil granule-derived antibacterial and monocyte-specific chemotactic glycoprotein structurally similar to neutrophil elastase.

PubMed ID: 2226832

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80484-z

PubMed ID: 2026172

Title: Covalent structure of two novel neutrophile leucocyte-derived proteins of porcine and human origin. Neutrophile elastase homologues with strong monocyte and fibroblast chemotactic activities.

PubMed ID: 2026172

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15942.x

PubMed ID: 2332502

Title: CAP37, a human neutrophil-derived chemotactic factor with monocyte specific activity.

PubMed ID: 2332502

DOI: 10.1172/jci114593

PubMed ID: 2406527

Title: CAP 37, a 37 kD human neutrophil granule cationic protein shares homology with inflammatory proteinases.

PubMed ID: 2406527

DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90104-y

PubMed ID: 1937776

Title: Comparison of granule proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are bactericidal toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PubMed ID: 1937776

DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.11.4193-4200.1991

PubMed ID: 1897955

Title: PMN elastases: a comparison of the specificity of human isozymes and the enzyme from other species toward substrates and inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 1897955

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90042-h

PubMed ID: 2501794

Title: Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PubMed ID: 2501794

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5610

PubMed ID: 2404977

Title: Characterization of two azurphil granule proteases with active-site homology to neutrophil elastase.

PubMed ID: 2404977

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39936-3

PubMed ID: 1399008

Title: Human neutrophil azurocidin synergizes with leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G in the killing of Capnocytophaga sputigena.

PubMed ID: 1399008

DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.11.4973-4975.1992

PubMed ID: 26274980

Title: Complementary LC-MS/MS-Based N-Glycan, N-Glycopeptide, and Intact N-Glycoprotein Profiling Reveals Unconventional Asn71-Glycosylation of Human Neutrophil Cathepsin G.

PubMed ID: 26274980

DOI: 10.3390/biom5031832

PubMed ID: 2312733

Title: Azurocidin and a homologous serine protease from neutrophils. Differential antimicrobial and proteolytic properties.

PubMed ID: 2312733

DOI: 10.1172/jci114518

PubMed ID: 1755383

Title: Human neutrophil granule cationic protein CAP37 is a specific macrophage chemotaxin that shares homology with inflammatory proteinases.

PubMed ID: 1755383

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6009-4_11

PubMed ID: 8506327

Title: Synthetic bactericidal peptide based on CAP37: a 37-kDa human neutrophil granule-associated cationic antimicrobial protein chemotactic for monocytes.

PubMed ID: 8506327

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4733

PubMed ID: 10534120

Title: Characterization of the biosynthesis, processing, and sorting of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin.

PubMed ID: 10534120

DOI: 10.1002/jlb.66.4.634

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9095193

Title: Structure of HBP, a multifunctional protein with a serine proteinase fold.

PubMed ID: 9095193

DOI: 10.1038/nsb0497-265

PubMed ID: 9761855

Title: Atomic resolution structure of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin.

PubMed ID: 9761855

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444997016193

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 251
  • Mass: 26886
  • Checksum: 22F80D9EBE87DE60
  • Sequence:
  • MTRLTVLALL AGLLASSRAG SSPLLDIVGG RKARPRQFPF LASIQNQGRH FCGGALIHAR 
    FVMTAASCFQ SQNPGVSTVV LGAYDLRRRE RQSRQTFSIS SMSENGYDPQ QNLNDLMLLQ 
    LDREANLTSS VTILPLPLQN ATVEAGTRCQ VAGWGSQRSG GRLSRFPRFV NVTVTPEDQC 
    RPNNVCTGVL TRRGGICNGD GGTPLVCEGL AHGVASFSLG PCGRGPDFFT RVALFRDWID 
    GVLNNPGPGP A

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.