B2M | ENSG00000166710 | NCBI 567

Details for: B2M

Associated with

Adaptive immune system
(R-HSA-1280218)
Amyloid fiber formation
(R-HSA-977225)
Antigen presentation: folding, assembly and peptide loading of class i mhc
(R-HSA-983170)
Antigen processing-cross presentation
(R-HSA-1236975)
Bacterial infection pathways
(R-HSA-9824439)
Class i mhc mediated antigen processing & presentation
(R-HSA-983169)
Cytokine signaling in immune system
(R-HSA-1280215)
Dap12 interactions
(R-HSA-2172127)
Dap12 signaling
(R-HSA-2424491)
Disease
(R-HSA-1643685)
Endosomal/vacuolar pathway
(R-HSA-1236977)
Er-phagosome pathway
(R-HSA-1236974)
Hiv infection
(R-HSA-162906)
Host interactions of hiv factors
(R-HSA-162909)
Immune system
(R-HSA-168256)
Immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid and a non-lymphoid cell
(R-HSA-198933)
Infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis
(R-HSA-9635486)
Infectious disease
(R-HSA-5663205)
Innate immune system
(R-HSA-168249)
Interferon gamma signaling
(R-HSA-877300)
Interferon signaling
(R-HSA-913531)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Modulation by mtb of host immune system
(R-HSA-9637628)
Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters
(R-HSA-164938)
Nef mediated downregulation of mhc class i complex cell surface expression
(R-HSA-164940)
Neutrophil degranulation
(R-HSA-6798695)
Sars-cov-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
(R-HSA-9705671)
Sars-cov-2 infection
(R-HSA-9694516)
Sars-cov-2-host interactions
(R-HSA-9705683)
Sars-cov infections
(R-HSA-9679506)
The role of nef in hiv-1 replication and disease pathogenesis
(R-HSA-164952)
Viral infection pathways
(R-HSA-9824446)
Amyloid fibril formation
(GO:1990000)
Antibacterial humoral response
(GO:0019731)
Antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via mhc class i
(GO:0019885)
Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via mhc class ii
(GO:0019886)
Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via mhc class ib, tap-dependent
(GO:0002481)
Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
(GO:0061844)
Cellular response to iron(iii) ion
(GO:0071283)
Cellular response to iron ion
(GO:0071281)
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
(GO:0071222)
Cellular response to nicotine
(GO:0071316)
Cytosol
(GO:0005829)
Defense response to gram-negative bacterium
(GO:0050829)
Defense response to gram-positive bacterium
(GO:0050830)
Early endosome lumen
(GO:0031905)
Early endosome membrane
(GO:0031901)
Endoplasmic reticulum
(GO:0005783)
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
(GO:0005788)
Er to golgi transport vesicle membrane
(GO:0012507)
External side of plasma membrane
(GO:0009897)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Extracellular region
(GO:0005576)
Extracellular space
(GO:0005615)
Focal adhesion
(GO:0005925)
Golgi apparatus
(GO:0005794)
Golgi membrane
(GO:0000139)
Hfe-transferrin receptor complex
(GO:1990712)
Identical protein binding
(GO:0042802)
Innate immune response
(GO:0045087)
Intracellular iron ion homeostasis
(GO:0006879)
Iron ion transport
(GO:0006826)
Late endosome membrane
(GO:0031902)
Learning or memory
(GO:0007611)
Lysosomal membrane
(GO:0005765)
Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Mhc class ii protein complex
(GO:0042613)
Mhc class ii protein complex binding
(GO:0023026)
Mhc class i peptide loading complex
(GO:0042824)
Mhc class i protein complex
(GO:0042612)
Multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis
(GO:0060586)
Negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
(GO:0050680)
Negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation
(GO:2000978)
Negative regulation of neurogenesis
(GO:0050768)
Negative regulation of neuron projection development
(GO:0010977)
Negative regulation of receptor binding
(GO:1900121)
Peptide antigen assembly with mhc class ii protein complex
(GO:0002503)
Peptide antigen assembly with mhc class i protein complex
(GO:0002502)
Peptide antigen binding
(GO:0042605)
Phagocytic vesicle membrane
(GO:0030670)
Plasma membrane
(GO:0005886)
Positive regulation of cellular senescence
(GO:2000774)
Positive regulation of ferrous iron binding
(GO:1904434)
Positive regulation of immune response
(GO:0050778)
Positive regulation of protein binding
(GO:0032092)
Positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
(GO:0048260)
Positive regulation of receptor binding
(GO:1900122)
Positive regulation of t cell activation
(GO:0050870)
Positive regulation of t cell cytokine production
(GO:0002726)
Positive regulation of t cell mediated cytotoxicity
(GO:0001916)
Positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding
(GO:1904437)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Protein homodimerization activity
(GO:0042803)
Protein homotetramerization
(GO:0051289)
Protein refolding
(GO:0042026)
Recycling endosome membrane
(GO:0055038)
Regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
(GO:0045646)
Regulation of iron ion transport
(GO:0034756)
Regulation of membrane depolarization
(GO:0003254)
Response to molecule of bacterial origin
(GO:0002237)
Sensory perception of smell
(GO:0007608)
Specific granule lumen
(GO:0035580)
Structural molecule activity
(GO:0005198)
T cell differentiation in thymus
(GO:0033077)
T cell mediated cytotoxicity
(GO:0001913)
Tertiary granule lumen
(GO:1904724)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939

CSI 161.33

rCSI 100%

PRS 4.51
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 144.77

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.17
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 141.39

rCSI 83.5%

PRS 2.22
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 136.49

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.69
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 135.04

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.11
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 134.83

rCSI 93.83%

PRS 2.32
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 131.21

rCSI 98.19%

PRS 2.61
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 130.65

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.28
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 129.03

rCSI 99.41%

PRS 1.43
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 126.8

rCSI 95.08%

PRS 4.8
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 126.31

rCSI 93.85%

PRS 2.37
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 124.14

rCSI 86.68%

PRS 1.67
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 120.75

rCSI 84.81%

PRS 4.86
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 120.61

rCSI 91.24%

PRS 2.23
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 114.38

rCSI 99.43%

PRS 1.95
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913

CSI 114.2

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.49
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 114

rCSI 90.52%

PRS 2.83
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 113.86

rCSI 85.55%

PRS 1.63
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 113.68

rCSI 91.85%

PRS 4.17
naive B cell CL0000788

CSI 109.3

rCSI 93.75%

PRS 5.17
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 108.9

rCSI 91.62%

PRS 2.68
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 108.59

rCSI 95.12%

PRS 2.15
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 106.97

rCSI 71.1%

PRS 1.89
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 106.8

rCSI 88.45%

PRS 1.59
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 106.26

rCSI 83.59%

PRS 1.89
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI 105.19

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.54
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 104.53

rCSI 95.97%

PRS 1.81
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 102.66

rCSI 94.91%

PRS 2.92
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 102.35

rCSI 95.25%

PRS 1.58
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 101.54

rCSI 97.65%

PRS 3.48
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 98.82

rCSI 79.15%

PRS 2.98
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 98.69

rCSI 80.19%

PRS 1.66
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 98.08

rCSI 76.03%

PRS 1.51
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 97.66

rCSI 65.8%

PRS 1.92
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 97.32

rCSI 89.78%

PRS 1.61
IgA plasma cell CL0000987

CSI 96.34

rCSI 98.62%

PRS 3.01
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909

CSI 95.82

rCSI 100%

PRS 5.14
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 95.09

rCSI 100%

PRS 1.46
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 94.58

rCSI 99.09%

PRS 1.72
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 94.52

rCSI 92.91%

PRS 4.76
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 93.59

rCSI 92.42%

PRS 7.06
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 90.49

rCSI 73.17%

PRS 1.56
hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001

CSI 89.2

rCSI 91.77%

PRS 2.52
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 89.19

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.76
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 88.85

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.68
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 88.62

rCSI 77.84%

PRS 1.78
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 87.88

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.38
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 87.28

rCSI 91.07%

PRS 1.63
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 85.14

rCSI 100%

PRS 16.19
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 83.85

rCSI 73.74%

PRS 1.15
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 83.75

rCSI 74.34%

PRS 1.59
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 82.49

rCSI 82.32%

PRS 1.33
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 81.75

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.45
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 80.4

rCSI 97.12%

PRS 1.82
alpha-beta T cell CL0000789

CSI 80.27

rCSI 94.06%

PRS 2.72
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 79.77

rCSI 69.07%

PRS 1.78
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 79.39

rCSI 82.24%

PRS 1.86
pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568

CSI 78.85

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.44
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 78.31

rCSI 97.54%

PRS 2.35
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI 78.17

rCSI 100%

PRS 2.57
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934

CSI 77.78

rCSI 100%

PRS 3.42
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 77.65

rCSI 74.75%

PRS 1.66
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI 77.33

rCSI 92.33%

PRS 2.77
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 75.66

rCSI 92.11%

PRS 2.01
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 75.1

rCSI 79.79%

PRS 2.9
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 74.88

rCSI 76.32%

PRS 2.31
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 74.84

rCSI 95.72%

PRS 7.41
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000624

CSI 74.09

rCSI 94.82%

PRS 34.69
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 73.95

rCSI 100%

PRS 1.22
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 73.41

rCSI 69.37%

PRS 1.66
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 72.28

rCSI 65.28%

PRS 1.4
stem cell CL0000034

CSI 71.52

rCSI 68.96%

PRS 0.4
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 70.71

rCSI 96.32%

PRS 3.99
plasma cell CL0000786

CSI 70.69

rCSI 92.64%

PRS 8.63
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 70.36

rCSI 92.2%

PRS 2.22
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895

CSI 69.61

rCSI 87.47%

PRS 8.78
B cell CL0000236

CSI 69.16

rCSI 92.53%

PRS 9.79
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 69.1

rCSI 57.93%

PRS 1.91
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 68.81

rCSI 87.59%

PRS 1.86
melanocyte CL0000148

CSI 67.61

rCSI 50.08%

PRS 1.52
classical monocyte CL0000860

CSI 67.26

rCSI 99.71%

PRS 19.02
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 66.51

rCSI 72.84%

PRS 1.87
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 65.49

rCSI 82.19%

PRS 2.01
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 64.81

rCSI 74.94%

PRS 1.15
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 64.78

rCSI 74.16%

PRS 3.31
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 64.51

rCSI 53.85%

PRS 5.35
endothelial cell of artery CL1000413

CSI 63.9

rCSI 93.62%

PRS 9.83
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 63.81

rCSI 97.5%

PRS 1.99
inflammatory macrophage CL0000863

CSI 63.81

rCSI 100%

PRS 3.3
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 62.62

rCSI 96.18%

PRS 1.84
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 62.51

rCSI 43.45%

PRS 1.86
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 62.33

rCSI 94.04%

PRS 1.56
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 62.08

rCSI 76.48%

PRS 5.28
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 60.99

rCSI 71.63%

PRS 1.94
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 60.76

rCSI 92.79%

PRS 2.79
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 60.27

rCSI 99.28%

PRS 1.83
capillary endothelial cell CL0002144

CSI 60.15

rCSI 100%

PRS 11.15
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 60.03

rCSI 74.26%

PRS 1.41
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 59.94

rCSI 81.94%

PRS 1.82
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 59.41

rCSI 86.92%

PRS 1.68

neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI -53.9

rCSI -62.3%

PRS 1.5%
adipocyte CL0000136

CSI -49.8

rCSI -64.0%

PRS 2.1%
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI -40.0

rCSI -51.3%

PRS 1.6%
glioblast CL0000030

CSI -32.7

rCSI -52.2%

PRS 1.4%
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI -29.2

rCSI -84.7%

PRS 1.5%
interneuron CL0000099

CSI -29.2

rCSI -58.5%

PRS 1.2%
inhibitory interneuron CL0000498

CSI -28.9

rCSI -66.7%

PRS 1.6%
lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI -28.7

rCSI -48.1%

PRS 1.1%
sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017

CSI -24.6

rCSI -31.7%

PRS 1.1%
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI -24.6

rCSI -44.2%

PRS 1.4%
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI -20.4

rCSI -65.2%

PRS 1.2%
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI -19.4

rCSI -31.8%

PRS 1.3%
mature astrocyte CL0002627

CSI -18.8

rCSI -79.9%

PRS 4.3%
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI -18.3

rCSI -57.1%

PRS 1.1%
sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015

CSI -17.3

rCSI -27.8%

PRS 1.2%
astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605

CSI -17.2

rCSI -38.6%

PRS 1.1%
cerebellar granule cell CL0001031

CSI -16.1

rCSI -23.7%

PRS 1.8%
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI -14.8

rCSI -43.6%

PRS 2.1%
chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036

CSI -14.7

rCSI -46.0%

PRS 1.2%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI -14.5

rCSI -22.1%

PRS 1.6%
primordial germ cell CL0000670

CSI -13.4

rCSI -66.8%

PRS 12.8%
ON-bipolar cell CL0000749

CSI -13.1

rCSI -19.4%

PRS 2.1%
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI -12.6

rCSI -22.2%

PRS 1.0%
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI -12.5

rCSI -59.9%

PRS 0.8%
brain vascular cell CL4023072

CSI -12.2

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 1.8%
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI -11.6

rCSI -13.9%

PRS 1.1%
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI -10.9

rCSI -14.9%

PRS 3.0%
L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041

CSI -10.5

rCSI -37.8%

PRS 0.9%
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI -9.9

rCSI -32.3%

PRS 2.9%
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI -9.9

rCSI -13.8%

PRS 1.7%
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI -9.5

rCSI -42.0%

PRS 1.7%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI -8.7

rCSI -27.9%

PRS 2.0%
near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012

CSI -7.7

rCSI -29.2%

PRS 1.1%
ependymal cell CL0000065

CSI -7.5

rCSI -15.2%

PRS 0.5%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI -7.4

rCSI -46.4%

PRS 1.4%
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI -6.7

rCSI -43.3%

PRS 4.6%
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI -5.2

rCSI -30.8%

PRS 1.2%
kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000838

CSI -5.0

rCSI -52.5%

PRS 26.8%
contractile cell CL0000183

CSI -4.6

rCSI -13.5%

PRS 1.3%
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI -4.0

rCSI -13.8%

PRS 2.4%
central nervous system neuron CL2000029

CSI -3.9

rCSI -28.9%

PRS 0.8%
epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 3 CL4030011

CSI -3.6

rCSI -28.3%

PRS 22.8%
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI -2.9

rCSI -4.1%

PRS 1.4%
Bergmann glial cell CL0000644

CSI -2.6

rCSI -3.6%

PRS 1.8%
Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695

CSI -2.1

rCSI -16.2%

PRS 4.0%
epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449

CSI -2.0

rCSI -19.3%

PRS 7.5%
kidney granular cell CL0000648

CSI -1.5

rCSI -22.0%

PRS 21.2%
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI -0.8

rCSI -17.0%

PRS 2.3%
cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111

CSI -0.6

rCSI -3.8%

PRS 6.8%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 0.7

rCSI 19.4%

PRS 4.1%
immature innate lymphoid cell CL0001082

CSI 1.0

rCSI 32.2%

PRS 29.8%
vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051

CSI 1.6

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 1.3%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 1.3%
osteoblast CL0000062

CSI 2.3

rCSI 58.1%

PRS 15.8%
skeletal muscle satellite cell CL0000594

CSI 2.6

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 7.0%
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 2.6

rCSI 60.2%

PRS 1.1%
odontoblast CL0000060

CSI 2.6

rCSI 58.6%

PRS 9.7%
Merkel cell CL0000242

CSI 2.7

rCSI 63.2%

PRS 11.9%
NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001080

CSI 2.7

rCSI 84.8%

PRS 23.0%
serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005

CSI 2.9

rCSI 16.6%

PRS 9.9%
ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046

CSI 3.1

rCSI 10.6%

PRS 7.5%
pro-T cell CL0000827

CSI 3.3

rCSI 77.7%

PRS 5.5%
non-myelinating Schwann cell CL0002376

CSI 3.4

rCSI 84.2%

PRS 6.2%
B-2 B cell CL0000822

CSI 3.4

rCSI 72.9%

PRS 10.5%
mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021

CSI 3.5

rCSI 92.1%

PRS 9.3%
B-1 B cell CL0000819

CSI 3.6

rCSI 91.9%

PRS 10.1%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 3.7

rCSI 92.1%

PRS 5.8%
prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059

CSI 4.0

rCSI 94.7%

PRS 6.1%
group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001078

CSI 4.1

rCSI 85.9%

PRS 32.3%
kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell CL1000909

CSI 4.4

rCSI 91.8%

PRS 15.5%
kidney interstitial cell CL1000500

CSI 4.5

rCSI 73.8%

PRS 18.3%
enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334

CSI 4.7

rCSI 72.2%

PRS 4.3%
bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017

CSI 4.9

rCSI 72.9%

PRS 5.4%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 4.9

rCSI 94.2%

PRS 5.9%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 5.0

rCSI 86.4%

PRS 6.5%
double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024

CSI 5.2

rCSI 98.3%

PRS 14.6%
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 5.2

rCSI 56.6%

PRS 3.0%
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 5.2

rCSI 32.1%

PRS 5.1%
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 5.2

rCSI 11.6%

PRS 1.2%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 5.3

rCSI 70.6%

PRS 5.5%
immature alpha-beta T cell CL0000790

CSI 5.5

rCSI 78.7%

PRS 26.8%
macula densa epithelial cell CL1000850

CSI 5.5

rCSI 78.7%

PRS 26.2%
tracheobronchial goblet cell CL0019003

CSI 5.6

rCSI 90.7%

PRS 40.0%
kidney resident macrophage CL1000698

CSI 5.8

rCSI 100.0%

PRS 41.6%
follicular dendritic cell CL0000442

CSI 5.9

rCSI 94.1%

PRS 10.5%
NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001079

CSI 6.0

rCSI 84.2%

PRS 45.8%
lung goblet cell CL1000143

CSI 6.2

rCSI 68.8%

PRS 5.1%
renal intercalated cell CL0005010

CSI 6.3

rCSI 56.0%

PRS 15.6%
Mueller cell CL0000636

CSI 6.4

rCSI 14.6%

PRS 1.6%
renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318

CSI 6.6

rCSI 18.2%

PRS 1.8%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 6.6

rCSI 45.6%

PRS 3.2%
kidney connecting tubule principal cell CL4030018

CSI 6.7

rCSI 48.7%

PRS 24.7%
CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074

CSI 6.8

rCSI 78.4%

PRS 7.0%
central nervous system macrophage CL0000878

CSI 6.8

rCSI 22.5%

PRS 1.4%
hepatic pit cell CL2000054

CSI 6.8

rCSI 93.5%

PRS 21.0%
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI 6.8

rCSI 27.5%

PRS 8.1%
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 6.9

rCSI 18.4%

PRS 1.7%
paneth cell of colon CL0009009

CSI 7.3

rCSI 71.5%

PRS 5.0%
macroglial cell CL0000126

CSI 7.3

rCSI 18.8%

PRS 3.0%
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849

CSI 7.4

rCSI 77.9%

PRS 2.8%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary Beta-2-microglobulin, encoded by the [B2M](/details-gene/567) gene, is a fundamental protein component of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are present on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. As the light chain of the MHC class I complex, [B2M](/details-gene/567) is essential for the folding, assembly, and transport of heavy chains to the cell surface, a critical step for presenting peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [B2M](/details-gene/567) is a highly significant marker across a wide spectrum of immune cells, including [natural killer cells](/details-cell/CL0000939), [T cells](/details-cell/CL0000897), and [B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972), underscoring its central role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Clinically, mutations and aberrant accumulation of [B2M](/details-gene/567) are associated with immunodeficiency ([109700](https://omim.org/entry/109700)) and dialysis-related amyloidosis ([241600](https://omim.org/entry/241600)) [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.20.7908). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [B2M](/details-gene/567) firmly establishes it as a cornerstone of the immune system. **Overall**, it demonstrates remarkably high significance in virtually all major lymphocyte populations. It is a top marker in both innate immune cells, such as [CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human](/details-cell/CL0000939) (CSI: 161.33) and [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002396) (CSI: 129.03), and adaptive immune cells. These include various T cell subsets like [CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000897) (CSI: 144.77) and [effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0001050) (CSI: 135.04), as well as B cell lineages like [class switched memory B cell](/details-cell/CL0000972) (CSI: 136.49). This broad and high expression level is consistent with its indispensable function in antigen presentation, a process central to the function of these cells. In stark contrast, [B2M](/details-gene/567) shows minimal to negative significance in non-hematopoietic lineages, particularly within the central nervous system and adipose tissue. Cells such as [neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)](/details-cell/CL0000031) (CSI: -39.98), various [interneurons](/details-cell/CL0000099), and [adipocytes](/details-cell/CL0000136) (CSI: -49.83) are among the lowest expressors. This pattern highlights the gene's highly specialized role in immune surveillance and cell-cell communication within the immune system, while suggesting a much less prominent, if any, direct role in the core functions of neural or metabolic tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [B2M](/details-gene/567) are tightly aligned with its role as the light chain of the MHC class I complex. Its primary molecular function involves [MHC class ii protein complex binding](/details-cell/GO:0023026) and it is a key structural component of the [MHC class I protein complex](/details-cell/GO:0042612). This is reflected in its deep involvement in the biological process of [Antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via mhc class i](/details-cell/GO:0019885). The Reactome pathway data further elaborates on this, placing [B2M](/details-gene/567) at the center of '[Class i mhc mediated antigen processing & presentation](/details-gene/R-HSA-983169)' and, by extension, the entire '[Adaptive immune system](/details-gene/R-HSA-1280218)'. Beyond its classical role in antigen presentation, [B2M](/details-gene/567) is implicated in broader immune processes, including the '[Innate immune system](/details-gene/R-HSA-168249)' and '[Interferon gamma signaling](/details-gene/R-HSA-877300)', consistent with findings that its expression is inducible by interferon [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01412.x). Furthermore, its involvement in '[Amyloid fiber formation](/details-gene/R-HSA-977225)' provides a direct molecular basis for its pathological role in dialysis-related amyloidosis, a condition caused by the polymerization of excess [B2M](/details-gene/567) in patients with renal failure [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.20.7908). The gene's connection to numerous infectious disease pathways, such as '[Sars-cov-2 infection](/details-gene/R-HSA-9694516)' and '[Hiv infection](/details-gene/R-HSA-162906)', highlights its importance in the host response to viral pathogens. ## Research Directions While the canonical function of [B2M](/details-gene/567) in MHC-I antigen presentation is well-established, its widespread effects and involvement in pathology suggest avenues for further investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given that pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade immune detection, it is hypothesized that specific viral or bacterial factors directly target [B2M](/details-gene/567) expression or its association with the MHC-I heavy chain in professional antigen-presenting cells like [plasmacytoid dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0001058), thereby crippling the antigen presentation pathway as a primary immune evasion strategy. 2. Functional annotations point to unexpected roles in neuronal regulation, such as '[Negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation](/details-cell/GO:2000978)' and '[Learning or memory](/details-cell/GO:0007611)'. It is hypothesized that soluble, circulating [B2M](/details-gene/567), which is known to be elevated in systemic inflammatory conditions and renal failure, can cross the blood-brain barrier and act as a direct negative regulator of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, potentially contributing to cognitive impairment seen in these conditions. **Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding the neuromodulatory role of soluble [B2M](/details-gene/567), an *in vitro* study could be conducted using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. These neuronal cultures would be chronically exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of soluble, recombinant [B2M](/details-gene/567). The functional consequences could be assessed using multi-electrode arrays to measure changes in spontaneous network firing and synaptic activity. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing could be performed to identify downstream transcriptional programs affected by [B2M](/details-gene/567) signaling, and immunofluorescence for synaptic markers (e.g., PSD-95, Synapsin I) could quantify changes in synapse density. **Therapeutic Potential:** The therapeutic potential of targeting [B2M](/details-gene/567) is highly context-dependent. Because it is essential for immune function in healthy tissues, systemic inhibition would be broadly immunosuppressive and likely toxic. However, in oncology, many cancers downregulate [B2M](/details-gene/567) to evade detection by cytotoxic T cells. In this scenario, therapeutic strategies aimed at *activating* or restoring [B2M](/details-gene/567) expression within the tumor microenvironment could represent a powerful pro-immune strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors. Conversely, in pathologies driven by [B2M](/details-gene/567) aggregation, such as dialysis-related amyloidosis, the therapeutic goal would be *inhibition* of its polymerization or development of agents that enhance its clearance, making it a promising target for small molecule inhibitors or antibody-based therapies.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Beta-2-microglobulin

Genular Protein ID: 2050760643

Symbol: B2MG_HUMAN

Name: Beta-2-microglobulin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P61769 P01884 Q540F8 Q6IAT8 Q9UCK0 Q9UD48 Q9UDF4

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3312414

Title: The human beta 2-microglobulin gene. Primary structure and definition of the transcriptional unit.

PubMed ID: 3312414

PubMed ID: 16108498

Title: Cloning of human beta-microglobulin gene and its high expression in Escherichia coli.

PubMed ID: 16108498

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11894933

Title: The beta-2-microglobulin mRNA in human Daudi cells has a mutated initiation codon but is still inducible by interferon.

PubMed ID: 11894933

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01412.x

PubMed ID: 6171820

Title: Use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes: isolation of cloned cDNA sequences for human beta 2-microglobulin.

PubMed ID: 6171820

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.6613

PubMed ID: 4586824

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of beta 2-microglobulin.

PubMed ID: 4586824

DOI: 10.1021/bi00748a001

PubMed ID: 3532124

Title: Polymerization of intact beta 2-microglobulin in tissue causes amyloidosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

PubMed ID: 3532124

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7908

PubMed ID: 1336137

Title: Biochemical characterization of serum and urinary beta 2 microglobulin in end-stage renal disease patients.

PubMed ID: 1336137

PubMed ID: 8084451

Title: Isolation of a granulocyte inhibitory protein from uraemic patients with homology of beta 2-microglobulin.

PubMed ID: 8084451

PubMed ID: 7554280

Title: Amino acid sequence of a modified beta 2-microglobulin in renal failure patient urine and long-term dialysis patient blood.

PubMed ID: 7554280

DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(95)06039-g

PubMed ID: 25946035

Title: Human basal tear peptidome characterization by CID, HCD, and ETD followed by in silico and in vitro analyses for antimicrobial peptide identification.

PubMed ID: 25946035

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00179

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9427624

Title: TAP- and tapasin-dependent HLA-E surface expression correlates with the binding of an MHC class I leader peptide.

PubMed ID: 9427624

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70014-4

PubMed ID: 10605026

Title: HLA-F is a predominantly empty, intracellular, TAP-associated MHC class Ib protein with a restricted expression pattern.

PubMed ID: 10605026

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.319

PubMed ID: 25356553

Title: The ESAT-6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with beta-2-microglobulin (beta2M) affecting antigen presentation function of macrophage.

PubMed ID: 25356553

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004446

PubMed ID: 7918443

Title: Glycation of human beta 2-microglobulin in patients with hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis: identification of the glycated sites.

PubMed ID: 7918443

DOI: 10.1021/bi00206a026

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22693999

Title: Hereditary systemic amyloidosis due to Asp76Asn variant beta2-microglobulin.

PubMed ID: 22693999

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1201356

PubMed ID: 3309677

Title: Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2.

PubMed ID: 3309677

DOI: 10.1038/329506a0

PubMed ID: 2038058

Title: Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 2038058

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90567-p

PubMed ID: 1390678

Title: 1H NMR assignments and secondary structure of human beta 2-microglobulin in solution.

PubMed ID: 1390678

DOI: 10.1021/bi00152a030

PubMed ID: 7862664

Title: The three-dimensional structure of a class I major histocompatibility complex molecule missing the alpha 3 domain of the heavy chain.

PubMed ID: 7862664

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.4.1218

PubMed ID: 8624812

Title: Bound water structure and polymorphic amino acids act together to allow the binding of different peptides to MHC class I HLA-B53.

PubMed ID: 8624812

DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80430-6

PubMed ID: 12119416

Title: Crystal structure of monomeric human beta-2-microglobulin reveals clues to its amyloidogenic properties.

PubMed ID: 12119416

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152337399

PubMed ID: 12796775

Title: A structural basis for immunodominant human T cell receptor recognition.

PubMed ID: 12796775

DOI: 10.1038/ni942

PubMed ID: 16901902

Title: Conformation of amyloid fibrils of beta2-microglobulin probed by tryptophan mutagenesis.

PubMed ID: 16901902

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605358200

PubMed ID: 16491088

Title: A native to amyloidogenic transition regulated by a backbone trigger.

PubMed ID: 16491088

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1068

PubMed ID: 17056715

Title: Structural basis for recognition of the nonclassical MHC molecule HLA-G by the leukocyte Ig-like receptor B2 (LILRB2/LIR2/ILT4/CD85d).

PubMed ID: 17056715

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605228103

PubMed ID: 17646174

Title: High-resolution crystal structure of beta2-microglobulin formed at pH 7.0.

PubMed ID: 17646174

DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvm148

PubMed ID: 18835253

Title: DE loop mutations affect beta2-microglobulin stability and amyloid aggregation.

PubMed ID: 18835253

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.108

PubMed ID: 18395224

Title: The controlling roles of Trp60 and Trp95 in beta2-microglobulin function, folding and amyloid aggregation properties.

PubMed ID: 18395224

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.002

PubMed ID: 19284997

Title: Human beta-2 microglobulin W60V mutant structure: Implications for stability and amyloid aggregation.

PubMed ID: 19284997

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.116

PubMed ID: 24695216

Title: T-cell activation by transitory neo-antigens derived from distinct microbial pathways.

PubMed ID: 24695216

DOI: 10.1038/nature13160

PubMed ID: 16549777

Title: Familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia caused by deficiency of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, due to a mutant beta2-microglobulin gene.

PubMed ID: 16549777

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600548103

Sequence Information:

Length: 119
Mass: 13715
Checksum: AFD2DBEF07DCEF27
Sequence:

MSRSVALAVL ALLSLSGLEA IQRTPKIQVY SRHPAENGKS NFLNCYVSGF HPSDIEVDLL 
KNGERIEKVE HSDLSFSKDW SFYLLYYTEF TPTEKDEYAC RVNHVTLSQP KIVKWDRDM

	Overall overall
	Acute kidney failure MONDO0002492
	Adrenal gland UBERON0002369
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis MONDO0004976
	Ascending colon UBERON0001156
	\|— Ascending colon Healthy UBERON0001156_PATO0000461
	Atherosclerosis MONDO0005311
	Axilla UBERON0009472
	\|— Axilla Breast cancer UBERON0009472_MONDO0007254
	Bipolar disorder MONDO0004985
	Bipolar I disorder MONDO0001866
	Blood UBERON0000178
	\|— Blood COVID-19 UBERON0000178_MONDO0100096
	\|— Blood Cytomegalovirus infection UBERON0000178_MONDO0005132
	\|— Blood Healthy UBERON0000178_PATO0000461
	Body of stomach UBERON0001161
	Bone marrow UBERON0002371
	\|— Bone marrow Healthy UBERON0002371_PATO0000461
	Brain UBERON0000955
	\|— Brain Healthy UBERON0000955_PATO0000461
	Breast UBERON0000310
	\|— Breast Breast cancer UBERON0000310_MONDO0007254
	\|— Breast Healthy UBERON0000310_PATO0000461
	\|— Breast cancer MONDO0007254
	Bronchus UBERON0002185
	Caecum UBERON0001153
	\|— Caecum Healthy UBERON0001153_PATO0000461
	Caudate lobe of liver UBERON0001117
	Cerebellum UBERON0002037
	\|— Cerebellum Healthy UBERON0002037_PATO0000461
	Cerebral cortex UBERON0000956
	\|— Cerebral cortex Healthy UBERON0000956_PATO0000461
	Cerebrospinal fluid UBERON0001359
	Choroid plexus UBERON0001886
	Chronic kidney disease MONDO0005300
	Colon UBERON0001155
	\|— Colon Healthy UBERON0001155_PATO0000461
	\|— Colonic epithelium UBERON0000397
	\|— Colonic epithelium Healthy UBERON0000397_PATO0000461
	Colorectal cancer MONDO0005575
	Colorectum UBERON0012652
	Cornea UBERON0000964
	\|— Cornea Healthy UBERON0000964_PATO0000461
	Cortex of kidney UBERON0001225
	\|— Cortex of kidney Healthy UBERON0001225_PATO0000461
	COVID-19 MONDO0100096
	Crohn disease MONDO0005011
	Cytomegalovirus infection MONDO0005132
	Dementia MONDO0001627
	Dental pulp UBERON0001754
	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex UBERON0009834
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0004985
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar I disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0001866
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0001627
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Healthy UBERON0009834_PATO0000461
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Schizophrenia UBERON0009834_MONDO0005090
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Vascular dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0004648
	Duodenum UBERON0002114
	\|— Duodenum Healthy UBERON0002114_PATO0000461
	Fallopian tube UBERON0003889
	Fovea centralis UBERON0001786
	\|— Fovea centralis Healthy UBERON0001786_PATO0000461
	Frontal cortex UBERON0001870
	Glioblastoma MONDO0018177
	Healthy PATO0000461
	Heart left ventricle UBERON0002084
	\|— Heart left ventricle Healthy UBERON0002084_PATO0000461
	Heart right ventricle UBERON0002080
	Hippocampal formation UBERON0002421
	\|— Hippocampal formation Healthy UBERON0002421_PATO0000461
	Hypothalamus UBERON0001898
	\|— Hypothalamus Healthy UBERON0001898_PATO0000461
	Ileal epithelium UBERON0008345
	Ileum UBERON0002116
	\|— Ileum Healthy UBERON0002116_PATO0000461
	\|— Ileum lamina propria UBERON8600035
	Interventricular septum UBERON0002094
	Islet of Langerhans UBERON0000006
	Isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II MONDO0011818
	Kidney UBERON0002113
	\|— Kidney Healthy UBERON0002113_PATO0000461
	Lamina propria of small intestine UBERON0001238
	Liver UBERON0002107
	\|— Liver Breast cancer UBERON0002107_MONDO0007254
	\|— Liver Healthy UBERON0002107_PATO0000461
	Lung UBERON0002048
	\|— Lung Healthy UBERON0002048_PATO0000461
	\|— Lung Renal cell carcinoma UBERON0002048_MONDO0005086
	\|— Lung adenocarcinoma MONDO0005061
	\|— Lung parenchyma UBERON0008946
	Lymph node UBERON0000029
	\|— Lymph node Healthy UBERON0000029_PATO0000461
	\|— Lymph node Metastatic melanoma UBERON0000029_MONDO0005191
	Malignant ovarian serous tumor MONDO0024885
	Medial orbital frontal cortex UBERON0022352
	Mesenteric lymph node UBERON0002509
	\|— Mesenteric lymph node Healthy UBERON0002509_PATO0000461
	Metastatic melanoma MONDO0005191
	Midbrain UBERON0001891
	\|— Midbrain Healthy UBERON0001891_PATO0000461
	Middle lobe of right lung UBERON0002174
	Nasopharynx UBERON0001728
	Neocortex UBERON0001950
	\|— Neocortex Healthy UBERON0001950_PATO0000461
	Neuroblastoma MONDO0005072
	Occipital cortex UBERON0016540
	Ovary UBERON0000992
	\|— Ovary Healthy UBERON0000992_PATO0000461
	Parkinson disease MONDO0005180
	Peripheral region of retina UBERON0013682
	\|— Peripheral region of retina Healthy UBERON0013682_PATO0000461
	Placenta UBERON0001987
	\|— Placenta Healthy UBERON0001987_PATO0000461
	Pleural effusion UBERON0000175
	Pons UBERON0000988
	\|— Pons Healthy UBERON0000988_PATO0000461
	Prefrontal cortex UBERON0000451
	Primary motor cortex UBERON0001384
	Primary visual cortex UBERON0002436
	Prostate gland UBERON0002367
	Rectum UBERON0001052
	Renal cell carcinoma MONDO0005086
	Renal medulla UBERON0000362
	\|— Renal medulla Healthy UBERON0000362_PATO0000461
	Respiratory airway UBERON0001005
	\|— Respiratory airway COVID-19 UBERON0001005_MONDO0100096
	Retina UBERON0000966
	\|— Retina Healthy UBERON0000966_PATO0000461
	Right atrium auricular region UBERON0006631
	Schizophrenia MONDO0005090
	Sclera UBERON0001773
	\|— Sclera Healthy UBERON0001773_PATO0000461
	Sigmoid colon UBERON0001159
	\|— Sigmoid colon Healthy UBERON0001159_PATO0000461
	Skin of body UBERON0002097
	\|— Skin of body Healthy UBERON0002097_PATO0000461
	Small cell lung carcinoma MONDO0008433
	Small intestine UBERON0002108
	\|— Small intestine Healthy UBERON0002108_PATO0000461
	Spleen UBERON0002106
	\|— Spleen Healthy UBERON0002106_PATO0000461
	Stomach UBERON0000945
	\|— Stomach Healthy UBERON0000945_PATO0000461
	Telencephalon UBERON0001893
	\|— Telencephalon Healthy UBERON0001893_PATO0000461
	Thalamic complex UBERON0010225
	\|— Thalamic complex Healthy UBERON0010225_PATO0000461
	Thymus UBERON0002370
	\|— Thymus Healthy UBERON0002370_PATO0000461
	Trachea UBERON0003126
	Transverse colon UBERON0001157
	\|— Transverse colon Healthy UBERON0001157_PATO0000461
	Type 1 diabetes mellitus MONDO0005147
	Type 2 diabetes mellitus MONDO0005148
	UBERON0005290 UBERON0005290
	\|— UBERON0005290 Healthy UBERON0005290_PATO0000461
	UBERON8440012 UBERON8440012
	\|— UBERON8440012 Healthy UBERON8440012_PATO0000461
	Upper lobe of left lung UBERON0008952
	Vascular dementia MONDO0004648

Details for: B2M

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

The human beta 2-microglobulin gene. Primary structure and definition of the transcriptional unit. PubMed ID: 3312414

Cloning of human beta-microglobulin gene and its high expression in Escherichia coli. PubMed ID: 16108498

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

The beta-2-microglobulin mRNA in human Daudi cells has a mutated initiation codon but is still inducible by interferon. PubMed ID: 11894933

Use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes: isolation of cloned cDNA sequences for human beta 2-microglobulin. PubMed ID: 6171820

The complete amino acid sequence of beta 2-microglobulin. PubMed ID: 4586824

Polymerization of intact beta 2-microglobulin in tissue causes amyloidosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis. PubMed ID: 3532124

Biochemical characterization of serum and urinary beta 2 microglobulin in end-stage renal disease patients. PubMed ID: 1336137

Isolation of a granulocyte inhibitory protein from uraemic patients with homology of beta 2-microglobulin. PubMed ID: 8084451

Amino acid sequence of a modified beta 2-microglobulin in renal failure patient urine and long-term dialysis patient blood. PubMed ID: 7554280

Human basal tear peptidome characterization by CID, HCD, and ETD followed by in silico and in vitro analyses for antimicrobial peptide identification. PubMed ID: 25946035

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712

TAP- and tapasin-dependent HLA-E surface expression correlates with the binding of an MHC class I leader peptide. PubMed ID: 9427624

HLA-F is a predominantly empty, intracellular, TAP-associated MHC class Ib protein with a restricted expression pattern. PubMed ID: 10605026

The ESAT-6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with beta-2-microglobulin (beta2M) affecting antigen presentation function of macrophage. PubMed ID: 25356553

Glycation of human beta 2-microglobulin in patients with hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis: identification of the glycated sites. PubMed ID: 7918443

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

Hereditary systemic amyloidosis due to Asp76Asn variant beta2-microglobulin. PubMed ID: 22693999

Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. PubMed ID: 3309677

Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6-A resolution. PubMed ID: 2038058

1H NMR assignments and secondary structure of human beta 2-microglobulin in solution. PubMed ID: 1390678

The three-dimensional structure of a class I major histocompatibility complex molecule missing the alpha 3 domain of the heavy chain. PubMed ID: 7862664

Bound water structure and polymorphic amino acids act together to allow the binding of different peptides to MHC class I HLA-B53. PubMed ID: 8624812

Crystal structure of monomeric human beta-2-microglobulin reveals clues to its amyloidogenic properties. PubMed ID: 12119416

A structural basis for immunodominant human T cell receptor recognition. PubMed ID: 12796775

Conformation of amyloid fibrils of beta2-microglobulin probed by tryptophan mutagenesis. PubMed ID: 16901902

A native to amyloidogenic transition regulated by a backbone trigger. PubMed ID: 16491088

Structural basis for recognition of the nonclassical MHC molecule HLA-G by the leukocyte Ig-like receptor B2 (LILRB2/LIR2/ILT4/CD85d). PubMed ID: 17056715

High-resolution crystal structure of beta2-microglobulin formed at pH 7.0. PubMed ID: 17646174

DE loop mutations affect beta2-microglobulin stability and amyloid aggregation. PubMed ID: 18835253

The controlling roles of Trp60 and Trp95 in beta2-microglobulin function, folding and amyloid aggregation properties. PubMed ID: 18395224

Human beta-2 microglobulin W60V mutant structure: Implications for stability and amyloid aggregation. PubMed ID: 19284997

T-cell activation by transitory neo-antigens derived from distinct microbial pathways. PubMed ID: 24695216

Familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia caused by deficiency of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, due to a mutant beta2-microglobulin gene. PubMed ID: 16549777