Details for: BCAT1

Gene ID: 586

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: BCAT1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060982

Description: branched chain amino acid transaminase 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 35.27
    rCSI 48.22%
    PRS 61.75
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 26.75
    rCSI 25.75%
    PRS 53.46
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 26.34
    rCSI 39.15%
    PRS 55.3
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 23.31
    rCSI 30.98%
    PRS 58.65
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 12.18
    rCSI 22.8%
    PRS 42
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 11.62
    rCSI 19.51%
    PRS 35.97
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 11.58
    rCSI 23%
    PRS 51.21
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 11.52
    rCSI 16.62%
    PRS 62.9
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 11.21
    rCSI 17.83%
    PRS 45.59
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 10
    rCSI 9.18%
    PRS 61.57
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 9.58
    rCSI 18.08%
    PRS 63.62
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 9.06
    rCSI 64.76%
    PRS 47.33
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 8.78
    rCSI 68.04%
    PRS 49.81
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 55.77%
    PRS 50.7
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 8.09
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 54.68
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 7.47
    rCSI 8.92%
    PRS 35.79
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 7.21
    rCSI 22.54%
    PRS 39.84
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 6.91
    rCSI 26.11%
    PRS 36.76
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 6.63
    rCSI 4.96%
    PRS 68.47
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 6.13
    rCSI 36.2%
    PRS 49.04
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 5.63
    rCSI 9.63%
    PRS 78.24
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 5.54
    rCSI 14.44%
    PRS 52.32
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 5.41
    rCSI 6.97%
    PRS 37.01
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 5.33
    rCSI 13.54%
    PRS 48.22
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 40.25
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 37.35
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 56.68
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 4.63
    rCSI 8.18%
    PRS 34.96
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 4.13
    rCSI 8.57%
    PRS 50.39
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 4
    rCSI 4.64%
    PRS 62.21
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 9.38%
    PRS 57.9
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 56.76
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 3.82
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 70.98
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 4.34%
    PRS 74.41
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 3.56
    rCSI 4.11%
    PRS 46.97
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.52
    rCSI 4.88%
    PRS 55.94
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 3.52
    rCSI 3.51%
    PRS 46.77
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 4.45%
    PRS 50.79
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 13.92%
    PRS 48.99
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 3.36
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 52.31
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 3.33
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 49.92
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 57.77
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.29
    rCSI 4.09%
    PRS 34.22
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 18.24%
    PRS 38.62
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 3.22
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 54.28
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 7.18%
    PRS 43.21
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 3.74%
    PRS 61.49
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 2.99
    rCSI 4.81%
    PRS 38.1
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.99
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 52.61
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 4.53%
    PRS 49.51
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 46.97
  • cone retinal bipolar cell CL0000752
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 38.06%
    PRS 70.21
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 4.36%
    PRS 56.12
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 6.58%
    PRS 52.54
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 58.5
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 34.74
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 5.52%
    PRS 57.1
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 61.16
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 4.82%
    PRS 42.43
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 33.87
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 65.99
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 5.36%
    PRS 61.81
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.22
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 51.17
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 70.99
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 4.66%
    PRS 71.95
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 45.79
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 61.52
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 40.21
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 2.91%
    PRS 51.06
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 1.53%
    PRS 51.92
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 66.73
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 3%
    PRS 58.54
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.81
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 34.64
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 2.19%
    PRS 48.98
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 63.39
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 3.76%
    PRS 60.42
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 54.52
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 4.55%
    PRS 67.42
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 5.52%
    PRS 39.54
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 3.22%
    PRS 71.43
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 7.56%
    PRS 70.13
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 46.25
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 73.44
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 36.43%
    PRS 35.34
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 34.86%
    PRS 36.32
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 6.77%
    PRS 48.89
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 70.03
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 3.76%
    PRS 68.66
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.28
    rCSI 4.16%
    PRS 54.82
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 4.91%
    PRS 73.76
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.25
    rCSI 5.97%
    PRS 52.66
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 66.74
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.16
    rCSI 4.42%
    PRS 44.98
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.14
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 71.66
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 1.13
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 65.99
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 1.13
    rCSI 8.32%
    PRS 40.32
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.06
    rCSI 1.53%
    PRS 69.36
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.94
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 41.2
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 0.94
    rCSI 6.38%
    PRS 49.63
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.91
    rCSI 2.64%
    PRS 43.45
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 67.6%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 44.5%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 63.5%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 45.9%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 44.7%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 76.2%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 78.5%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 73.5%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 43.0%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 22.1%
    PRS 74.9%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 37.4%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 40.1%
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 40.9%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 67.1%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 43.5%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 49.6%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 41.2%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 69.4%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 40.3%
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 66.0%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 71.7%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 45.0%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 66.7%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 52.7%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 73.8%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 54.8%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 68.7%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 70.0%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 48.9%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 34.9%
    PRS 36.3%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 36.4%
    PRS 35.3%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 73.4%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 46.3%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 70.1%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 71.4%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 39.5%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 67.4%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 54.5%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 60.4%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 63.4%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 49.0%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 34.6%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 58.5%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 66.7%
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 51.9%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 51.1%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 40.2%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 61.5%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 45.8%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 72.0%
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 71.0%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 51.2%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 61.8%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 66.0%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 33.9%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 42.4%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 61.2%
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 57.1%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 34.7%
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 58.5%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 52.5%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 56.1%
  • cone retinal bipolar cell CL0000752
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 38.1%
    PRS 70.2%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 47.0%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 49.5%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 52.6%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 38.1%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 61.5%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 43.2%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 54.3%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 18.2%
    PRS 38.6%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 34.2%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 57.8%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 49.9%
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 52.3%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 13.9%
    PRS 49.0%
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 50.8%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 46.8%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 55.9%
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 47.0%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 74.4%
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 71.0%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 56.8%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 57.9%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 62.2%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 50.4%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 35.0%
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 56.7%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 37.4%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 40.3%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 13.5%
    PRS 48.2%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 37.0%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 52.3%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 5.6
    rCSI 9.6%
    PRS 78.2%
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 6.1
    rCSI 36.2%
    PRS 49.0%
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 68.5%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 26.1%
    PRS 36.8%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 22.5%
    PRS 39.8%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 35.8%
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 8.1
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 54.7%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) (Branched Chain Amino Acid Transaminase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12p12.1. It encodes the cytosolic form of the branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, an enzyme central to the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Functionally, [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) is implicated in the catabolism and biosynthesis of these essential amino acids, and has also been linked to cell cycle regulation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143)). Expression data indicates its high significance in metabolically active and specialized cell types, including neuronal cells of the retina, such as [OFF-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000750) and [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749), as well as secretory cells like [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) and [pancreatic acinar cell](/details-cell/CL0002064). Its dysregulation is associated with certain metabolic disorders, as noted in OMIM ([153245](https://omim.org/entry/153245)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) highlights its crucial role in cells with high metabolic demand or specialized biosynthetic functions. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in distinct neuronal and epithelial cell populations. Its most prominent expression is observed in the retina, specifically within [OFF-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000750), [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749), and the broader [retinal bipolar neuron](/details-cell/CL0000748) category. This suggests a key function in BCAA metabolism to support neurotransmitter synthesis, particularly glutamate, and to meet the high energetic demands of retinal signal processing. Beyond the nervous system, [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) is also a significant marker in secretory epithelial tissues, including [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) and [pancreatic acinar cell](/details-cell/CL0002064). In these contexts, its enzymatic activity is likely essential for providing the building blocks required for the high rates of protein synthesis characteristic of secretory cells. Furthermore, [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) shows notable significance in hematopoietic progenitors like [promyelocyte](/details-cell/CL0000836) and [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826), as well as in specific myeloid lineage cells like [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) and [Hofbauer cell](/details-cell/CL3000001). This pattern is consistent with its reported involvement in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143)), where it may function to link nutrient availability to cell proliferation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) is a key enzyme whose molecular function is centered on BCAA metabolism. According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotations, it possesses [Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity](/details-go/GO:0004084), catalyzing the reversible transamination of BCAAs. This activity is a critical step in both the catabolism and biosynthesis of these amino acids, as reflected in its annotation for processes like [L-leucine biosynthetic process](/details-go/GO:0009098) and [L-valine biosynthetic process](/details-go/GO:0009099). Reactome pathway analysis places [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) squarely within the [Branched-chain amino acid catabolism](/details-pathway/R-HSA-70895) pathway, which is part of the broader [Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives](/details-pathway/R-HSA-71291). Its cellular localization is primarily in the [Cytosol](/details-go/GO:0005829), although activity has also been associated with the [Mitochondrion](/details-go/GO:0005739). Beyond its metabolic role, research has linked a [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) homolog to the [G1/s transition of mitotic cell cycle](/details-go/GO:0000082), suggesting a role in integrating metabolic status with cell division signals ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143)). ## Research Directions The diverse expression pattern of [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) across neuronal, epithelial, and hematopoietic cells points to multifaceted, context-dependent roles that warrant further investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high expression in retinal neurons ([OFF-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000750), [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749)), [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) may be a critical regulator of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the retina. By controlling the local BCAA pool, it could modulate the synthesis of glutamate, and its dysregulation could be a contributing factor to metabolic retinopathies. 2. The significant expression of [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) in hematopoietic progenitors ([promyelocyte](/details-cell/CL0000836), [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826)) and its established link to cell cycle progression ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143)) suggests it acts as a metabolic sensor. It may link BCAA availability to the commitment to cell division during hematopoiesis, representing a potential metabolic checkpoint in blood cell development. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding its role in retinal function, a cell-type-specific conditional knockout of [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) could be generated in the bipolar cells of a mouse model using a Cre-Lox system. The functional consequences could be assessed using electroretinography (ERG) to measure retinal electrical responses to light stimuli. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on isolated retinal tissue from these mice could be employed to directly quantify changes in BCAA levels and key neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and GABA, providing a direct link between [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) activity and retinal neurochemistry. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an enzyme, [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) is a druggable target. Research has already explored the design of small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, where BCAA catabolism may be dysregulated ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.058)). Therefore, **inhibition** of [BCAT1](/details-gene/586) represents a plausible therapeutic strategy. Such an approach could be beneficial in conditions where excess BCAA breakdown contributes to pathology, for instance, by reducing the production of neurotoxic metabolites. Its high expression in specific cell types might allow for targeted therapeutic intervention, although its widespread role in cellular metabolism would necessitate careful consideration of potential on-target side effects.

Genular Protein ID: 1594714121

Symbol: BCAT1_HUMAN

Name: Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8692959

Title: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast.

PubMed ID: 8692959

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7143

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 16141215

Title: Structural determinants for branched-chain aminotransferase isozyme-specific inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin.

PubMed ID: 16141215

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506486200

PubMed ID: 16143519

Title: The design and synthesis of human branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

PubMed ID: 16143519

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.058

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 386
  • Mass: 42966
  • Checksum: A43535303A702512
  • Sequence:
  • MKDCSNGCSA ECTGEGGSKE VVGTFKAKDL IVTPATILKE KPDPNNLVFG TVFTDHMLTV 
    EWSSEFGWEK PHIKPLQNLS LHPGSSALHY AVELFEGLKA FRGVDNKIRL FQPNLNMDRM 
    YRSAVRATLP VFDKEELLEC IQQLVKLDQE WVPYSTSASL YIRPTFIGTE PSLGVKKPTK 
    ALLFVLLSPV GPYFSSGTFN PVSLWANPKY VRAWKGGTGD CKMGGNYGSS LFAQCEAVDN 
    GCQQVLWLYG EDHQITEVGT MNLFLYWINE DGEEELATPP LDGIILPGVT RRCILDLAHQ 
    WGEFKVSERY LTMDDLTTAL EGNRVREMFG SGTACVVCPV SDILYKGETI HIPTMENGPK 
    LASRILSKLT DIQYGREESD WTIVLS