Details for: BCAT2

Gene ID: 587

Symbol: BCAT2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105552

Description: branched chain amino acid transaminase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 143.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 76.0911
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3000
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 58.3569
    Cell Significance Index: -24.0400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 48.8856
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0800
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 46.3992
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 19.7540
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8600
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 18.4110
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.2270
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.8159
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9500
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 4.1792
    Cell Significance Index: 38.4900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 3.4502
    Cell Significance Index: 179.2300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.7422
    Cell Significance Index: 314.0700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.2731
    Cell Significance Index: 156.5400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0593
    Cell Significance Index: 956.4500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.8037
    Cell Significance Index: 21.5400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.7791
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7150
    Cell Significance Index: 116.2800
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.6826
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.5429
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.5138
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.4876
    Cell Significance Index: 66.9600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4551
    Cell Significance Index: 90.3100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4134
    Cell Significance Index: 28.5900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.4014
    Cell Significance Index: 143.9600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.3808
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3700
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.3679
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3369
    Cell Significance Index: 15.7100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3282
    Cell Significance Index: 179.2600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.2176
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.2049
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1994
    Cell Significance Index: 23.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1877
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1842
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1778
    Cell Significance Index: 33.8400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1696
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.1683
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1673
    Cell Significance Index: 115.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1638
    Cell Significance Index: 27.9700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1593
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.1454
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1428
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1148
    Cell Significance Index: 50.7600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.1053
    Cell Significance Index: 66.8900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0924
    Cell Significance Index: 174.0000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0855
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0821
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0576
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: 71.7500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: 57.9200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: 36.9600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0484
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0657
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1032
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1119
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1158
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1338
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1394
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1413
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1490
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1758
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1817
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.2025
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.2041
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2255
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2294
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3077
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.3180
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.3372
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3525
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3791
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1700
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.3800
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.3937
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6200
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.4239
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3500
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.4443
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.4471
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9600
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.4515
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic Activity:** BCAT2 exhibits transaminase activity, which involves the transfer of an amino group from a BCAA to an alpha-keto acid, resulting in the production of a new amino acid and a corresponding keto acid. 2. **Tissue Distribution:** BCAT2 is highly expressed in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex, granulosa cells, bladder urothelial cells, germ cells, mural cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cells. 3. **Protein Isoforms:** Two protein isoforms, B3KSI3_HUMAN, have been identified, suggesting potential differences in enzyme activity or regulation. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthetic Process:** BCAT2 plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of BCAAs, which are essential for protein synthesis, energy production, and other cellular processes. 2. **Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism:** BCAT2 is involved in the catabolism of BCAAs, regulating their levels and availability in the body. 3. **Isoleucine Catabolic Process:** BCAT2 catalyzes the transamination of isoleucine, a key step in its catabolic pathway. 4. **L-Leucine and Valine Biosynthetic Processes:** BCAT2 is also involved in the biosynthesis of leucine and valine, highlighting its essential role in regulating these amino acids. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Metabolic Disorders:** Dysregulation of BCAT2 activity has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. 2. **Neurological Disorders:** BCAT2 has been linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where disruptions in BCAA metabolism may contribute to disease progression. 3. **Pregnancy and Fetal Development:** BCAT2 plays a critical role in regulating BCAA levels during pregnancy, which is essential for fetal development and growth. 4. **Cancer:** BCAT2 has been identified as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as alterations in its expression or activity have been observed in various types of cancer. In conclusion, BCAT2 is a vital enzyme involved in the regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism, with significant implications for various physiological and pathological processes. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional significance of BCAT2 and its potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 386928016

Symbol: BCAT2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9165094

Title: Cloning of the rat and human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferases (BCATm).

PubMed ID: 9165094

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(97)00044-7

PubMed ID: 11170829

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of placental tissue protein 18 (PP18a)/human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) and its novel alternatively spliced PP18b variant.

PubMed ID: 11170829

DOI: 10.1053/plac.2000.0603

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8702755

Title: Two yeast homologs of ECA39, a target for c-Myc regulation, code for cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases.

PubMed ID: 8702755

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20242

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25653144

Title: Hypervalinemia and hyperleucine-isoleucinemia caused by mutations in the branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase gene.

PubMed ID: 25653144

DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9814-z

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 11264579

Title: The structure of human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase.

PubMed ID: 11264579

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901001925

PubMed ID: 12269802

Title: Crystal structures of human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase reaction intermediates: ketimine and pyridoxamine phosphate forms.

PubMed ID: 12269802

DOI: 10.1021/bi020221c

PubMed ID: 16141215

Title: Structural determinants for branched-chain aminotransferase isozyme-specific inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin.

PubMed ID: 16141215

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506486200

PubMed ID: 17050531

Title: Human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase isozyme: structural role of the CXXC center in catalysis.

PubMed ID: 17050531

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607552200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 392
  • Mass: 44288
  • Checksum: EC07047264B190DA
  • Sequence:
  • MAAAALGQIW ARKLLSVPWL LCGPRRYASS SFKAADLQLE MTQKPHKKPG PGEPLVFGKT 
    FTDHMLMVEW NDKGWGQPRI QPFQNLTLHP ASSSLHYSLQ LFEGMKAFKG KDQQVRLFRP 
    WLNMDRMLRS AMRLCLPSFD KLELLECIRR LIEVDKDWVP DAAGTSLYVR PVLIGNEPSL 
    GVSQPTRALL FVILCPVGAY FPGGSVTPVS LLADPAFIRA WVGGVGNYKL GGNYGPTVLV 
    QQEALKRGCE QVLWLYGPDH QLTEVGTMNI FVYWTHEDGV LELVTPPLNG VILPGVVRQS 
    LLDMAQTWGE FRVVERTITM KQLLRALEEG RVREVFGSGT ACQVCPVHRI LYKDRNLHIP 
    TMENGPELIL RFQKELKEIQ YGIRAHEWMF PV

Genular Protein ID: 256333818

Symbol: B3KSI3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 352
  • Mass: 39916
  • Checksum: 2BF282313ABEC40A
  • Sequence:
  • MTQKPHKKPG PGEPLVFGKT FTDHMLMVEW NDKGWGQPRI QPFQNLTLHP ASSSLHYSLQ 
    LFEGMKAFKG KDQQVRLFRP WLNMDRMLRS AMRLCLPSFD KLELLECIRR LIEVDKDWVP 
    DAAGTSLYVR PVLIGNEPSL GVSQPTRALL FVILCPVGAY FPGGSVTPVS LLADPAFIRA 
    WVGGVGNYKL GGNYGPTVLV QQEALKRGCE QVLWLYGPDH QLTEVGTMNI FVYWTHEDGV 
    LELVTPPLNG VILPGVVRQS LLDMAQTWGE FRVVERTITM KQLLRALEEG RVREVFGSGT 
    ACQVCPVHRI LYKDRNLHIP TMENGPELIL RFQKELKEIQ YGIRAHEWMF PV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.