Details for: BPI

Gene ID: 671

Symbol: BPI

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101425

Description: bactericidal permeability increasing protein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 4.2517
    Cell Significance Index: 61.9700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 3.1983
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 1.5711
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 1.4385
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6000
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 0.9089
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3400
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.3026
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8600
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.2070
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.1480
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6900
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0218
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: immature neutrophil (CL0000776)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: -0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0189
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0233
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0300
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0327
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0344
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0354
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: uterine smooth muscle cell (CL0002601)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0445
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0459
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0460
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0499
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.0527
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: promonocyte (CL0000559)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** BPI is a 58-kDa protein that belongs to the defensin family of antimicrobial peptides. It is characterized by its ability to bind to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, thereby inhibiting their ability to interact with host cells. This binding event triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of various immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. BPI is also known for its negative regulatory effects on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, which are essential for preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage. **Pathways and Functions:** BPI is involved in multiple signaling pathways that regulate immune responses, including: 1. **Lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway:** BPI binds to LPS, triggering a signaling cascade that activates immune cells and regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 2. **Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade:** BPI interacts with TLR4, a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes LPS, and modulates the activation of immune cells. 3. **Antimicrobial peptides:** BPI is a member of the defensin family, which are antimicrobial peptides that exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. 4. **Negative regulation of immune responses:** BPI negatively regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which helps to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage. **Clinical Significance:** The dysregulation of BPI has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Sepsis:** BPI has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by overwhelming inflammation and organ dysfunction. 2. **Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):** BPI has been found to be overexpressed in IBD, where it contributes to the chronic inflammation and tissue damage characteristic of the disease. 3. **Neurological disorders:** BPI has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, where it may contribute to the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. In conclusion, BPI is a critical component of the innate immune response against Gram-negative bacteria, playing a pivotal role in the recognition, binding, and neutralization of these pathogens. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of BPI in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage.

Genular Protein ID: 3082875698

Symbol: BPI_HUMAN

Name: Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P17213 B2RCY2 Q1ZZU8 Q5JRW0 Q8IW58 Q9BYZ9 Q9H1L2 Q9H1M8 Q9H203 Q9UCT4 Q9UD65

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2722846

Title: Cloning of the cDNA of a human neutrophil bactericidal protein. Structural and functional correlations.

PubMed ID: 2722846

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60560-5

PubMed ID: 7517398

Title: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. LPS binding properties and effects on LPS-mediated cell activation.

PubMed ID: 7517398

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32454-7

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1937776

Title: Comparison of granule proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are bactericidal toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PubMed ID: 1937776

DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.11.4193-4200.1991

PubMed ID: 2501794

Title: Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PubMed ID: 2501794

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5610

PubMed ID: 3667613

Title: A 25-kDa NH2-terminal fragment carries all the antibacterial activities of the human neutrophil 60-kDa bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

PubMed ID: 3667613

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48110-0

PubMed ID: 8812832

Title: Expression and characterization of cysteine-modified variants of an amino-terminal fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

PubMed ID: 8812832

DOI: 10.1006/prep.1996.0071

PubMed ID: 9188532

Title: Crystal structure of human BPI and two bound phospholipids at 2.4-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 9188532

DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5320.1861

PubMed ID: 10843855

Title: The 1.7 A crystal structure of BPI: a study of how two dissimilar amino acid sequences can adopt the same fold.

PubMed ID: 10843855

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3805

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 487
  • Mass: 53900
  • Checksum: 30BC73B1B465B62D
  • Sequence:
    • MRENMARGPC NAPRWASLMV LVAIGTAVTA AVNPGVVVRI SQKGLDYASQ QGTAALQKEL 
KRIKIPDYSD SFKIKHLGKG HYSFYSMDIR EFQLPSSQIS MVPNVGLKFS ISNANIKISG 
KWKAQKRFLK MSGNFDLSIE GMSISADLKL GSNPTSGKPT ITCSSCSSHI NSVHVHISKS 
KVGWLIQLFH KKIESALRNK MNSQVCEKVT NSVSSELQPY FQTLPVMTKI DSVAGINYGL 
VAPPATTAET LDVQMKGEFY SENHHNPPPF APPVMEFPAA HDRMVYLGLS DYFFNTAGLV 
YQEAGVLKMT LRDDMIPKES KFRLTTKFFG TFLPEVAKKF PNMKIQIHVS ASTPPHLSVQ 
PTGLTFYPAV DVQAFAVLPN SSLASLFLIG MHTTGSMEVS AESNRLVGEL KLDRLLLELK 
HSNIGPFPVE LLQDIMNYIV PILVLPRVNE KLQKGFPLPT PARVQLYNVV LQPHQNFLLF 
GADVVYK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.