Details for: CA1

Gene ID: 759

Symbol: CA1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133742

Description: carbonic anhydrase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: basophilic erythroblast (CL0000549)
    Fold Change: 173.2409
    Cell Significance Index: 78.9000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 18.5891
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 4.8102
    Cell Significance Index: 218.0300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.4520
    Cell Significance Index: 30.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.4001
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 0.7764
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.7455
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6138
    Cell Significance Index: 121.8200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.5403
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2600
  • Cell Name: bronchial epithelial cell (CL0002328)
    Fold Change: 0.5138
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 0.4337
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2753
    Cell Significance Index: 55.2300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2582
    Cell Significance Index: 49.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2484
    Cell Significance Index: 89.0900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2246
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.2109
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.2087
    Cell Significance Index: 30.3300
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0875
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0639
    Cell Significance Index: 57.7400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0628
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5700
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 0.0611
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0483
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: 60.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0259
    Cell Significance Index: 47.7900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3900
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5600
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0366
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8100
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: -0.0494
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0560
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0637
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0711
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0770
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0796
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0801
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0832
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0873
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0889
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0893
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.0919
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.1009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1043
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1050
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1070
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1160
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0400
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.1185
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1206
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1229
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1249
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: -0.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.1271
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.1333
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.1338
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1355
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.1382
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1400
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** CA1 is a small, zinc-containing enzyme that belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family. It is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including amacrine cells, ON-bipolar cells, OFF-bipolar cells, retina horizontal cells, retinal bipolar neurons, retinal rod cells, colon epithelial cells, cardiac muscle cells, mural cells, and enterocytes of the epithelium of the large intestine. The enzyme is characterized by its high affinity for CO2 and its ability to catalyze the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons. **Pathways and Functions** CA1 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Cytokine signaling in the immune system**: CA1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses by influencing cytokine signaling pathways, particularly those mediated by IL-12. 2. **O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes**: CA1 is essential for the transport of CO2 and O2 in erythrocytes, where it helps to maintain acid-base balance and regulate the pH of the blood. 3. **One-carbon metabolic process**: CA1 is involved in the regulation of one-carbon metabolism, which is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and the metabolism of amino acids. 4. **Protein binding**: CA1 has been shown to bind to various proteins, including cytokines and growth factors, which may influence its activity and regulation. **Clinical Significance** CA1 has been implicated in several diseases and disorders, including: 1. **Anemia**: CA1 has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of erythropoiesis and the transport of CO2 and O2 in erythrocytes, making it a potential target for the treatment of anemia. 2. **Inflammatory disorders**: CA1 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses and the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 3. **Cancer**: CA1 has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including colon cancer and breast cancer, where it may play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. In conclusion, CA1 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, cellular metabolism, and acid-base balance. Its involvement in various diseases and disorders highlights the importance of further research into the functions and significance of CA1.

Genular Protein ID: 1718426029

Symbol: CAH1_HUMAN

Name: Carbonic anhydrase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3104879

Title: Human carbonic anhydrase I cDNA.

PubMed ID: 3104879

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.5.2386

PubMed ID: 2121614

Title: Structure and methylation patterns of the gene encoding human carbonic anhydrase I.

PubMed ID: 2121614

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90236-k

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 4217196

Title: Primary structure of human B erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. 3. Sequence of CNBr fragment I and III (residues 149-260).

PubMed ID: 4217196

DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(74)80093-3

PubMed ID: 4625868

Title: Amino acid sequence of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B.

PubMed ID: 4625868

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90400-7

PubMed ID: 4632246

Title: Human carbonic anhydrases. XI. The complete primary structure of carbonic anhydrase B.

PubMed ID: 4632246

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44161-6

PubMed ID: 4207120

Title: Human carbonic anhydrases. XII. The complete primary structure of the C isozyme.

PubMed ID: 4207120

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42734-8

PubMed ID: 10550681

Title: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction?

PubMed ID: 10550681

DOI: 10.1007/s007750050375

PubMed ID: 16807956

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme.

PubMed ID: 16807956

DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600159

PubMed ID: 16686544

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with L- and D-phenylalanine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isozyme II: stereospecific recognition within the active site of an enzyme and its consequences for the drug design.

PubMed ID: 16686544

DOI: 10.1021/jm0603320

PubMed ID: 17127057

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators: L-Adrenaline plugs the active site entrance of isozyme II, activating better isoforms I, IV, VA, VII, and XIV.

PubMed ID: 17127057

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.027

PubMed ID: 19186056

Title: A thiabendazole sulfonamide shows potent inhibitory activity against mammalian and nematode alpha-carbonic anhydrases.

PubMed ID: 19186056

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.038

PubMed ID: 19206230

Title: Non-zinc mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrases: coumarins are a new class of suicide inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 19206230

DOI: 10.1021/ja809683v

PubMed ID: 18618712

Title: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase XIII and its complex with the inhibitor acetazolamide.

PubMed ID: 18618712

DOI: 10.1002/prot.22144

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 4622589

Title: Structure of human carbonic anhydrase B. I. Crystallization and heavy atom modifications.

PubMed ID: 4622589

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90452-4

PubMed ID: 804171

Title: Crystal structure of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B. Three-dimensional structure at a nominal 2.2-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 804171

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.51

PubMed ID: 6430186

Title: Structure, refinement, and function of carbonic anhydrase isozymes: refinement of human carbonic anhydrase I.

PubMed ID: 6430186

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12314.x

PubMed ID: 15299369

Title: Differences in anionic inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase I revealed from the structures of iodide and gold cyanide inhibitor complexes.

PubMed ID: 15299369

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444994001873

PubMed ID: 8057362

Title: Enzyme-substrate interactions. Structure of human carbonic anhydrase I complexed with bicarbonate.

PubMed ID: 8057362

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1491

PubMed ID: 7932756

Title: Drug-protein interactions. Refined structures of three sulfonamide drug complexes of human carbonic anhydrase I enzyme.

PubMed ID: 7932756

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1655

PubMed ID: 12009884

Title: Crystal structure of a zinc-activated variant of human carbonic anhydrase I, CA I Michigan 1: evidence for a second zinc binding site involving arginine coordination.

PubMed ID: 12009884

DOI: 10.1021/bi0120446

PubMed ID: 16870440

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first X-ray crystallographic study of an adduct of isoform I.

PubMed ID: 16870440

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.021

PubMed ID: 16506782

Title: Ultrahigh resolution crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrases I and II complexed with 'two-prong' inhibitors reveal the molecular basis of high affinity.

PubMed ID: 16506782

DOI: 10.1021/ja057257n

PubMed ID: 17314045

Title: Phosph(on)ate as a zinc-binding group in metalloenzyme inhibitors: X-ray crystal structure of the antiviral drug foscarnet complexed to human carbonic anhydrase I.

PubMed ID: 17314045

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.113

PubMed ID: 17407288

Title: Structural analysis of charge discrimination in the binding of inhibitors to human carbonic anhydrases I and II.

PubMed ID: 17407288

DOI: 10.1021/ja068359w

PubMed ID: 6781336

Title: Population genetic studies of the Philippine Negritos. III. Identification of the carbonic anhydrase-1 variant with CA1 Guam.

PubMed ID: 6781336

PubMed ID: 7866410

Title: Marked zinc activation of ester hydrolysis by a mutation, 67-His (CAT) to Arg (CGT), in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase I.

PubMed ID: 7866410

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380040411

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 261
  • Mass: 28870
  • Checksum: 4959E5FA25E374F8
  • Sequence:
  • MASPDWGYDD KNGPEQWSKL YPIANGNNQS PVDIKTSETK HDTSLKPISV SYNPATAKEI 
    INVGHSFHVN FEDNDNRSVL KGGPFSDSYR LFQFHFHWGS TNEHGSEHTV DGVKYSAELH 
    VAHWNSAKYS SLAEAASKAD GLAVIGVLMK VGEANPKLQK VLDALQAIKT KGKRAPFTNF 
    DPSTLLPSSL DFWTYPGSLT HPPLYESVTW IICKESISVS SEQLAQFRSL LSNVEGDNAV 
    PMQHNNRPTQ PLKGRTVRAS F

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.