Details for: CA4

Gene ID: 762

Symbol: CA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167434

Description: carbonic anhydrase 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 5.0811
    Cell Significance Index: 76.1400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 2.5188
    Cell Significance Index: 154.4300
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 2.3534
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 1.5790
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: 1.4051
    Cell Significance Index: 19.2400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.3066
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6500
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 1.0427
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.7787
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.7376
    Cell Significance Index: 23.3300
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 0.5794
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4163
    Cell Significance Index: 41.1900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.3955
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3874
    Cell Significance Index: 349.7800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.3467
    Cell Significance Index: 68.8100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2889
    Cell Significance Index: 103.6100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2866
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2817
    Cell Significance Index: 53.6100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.2280
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2253
    Cell Significance Index: 45.1900
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.2203
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2138
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2056
    Cell Significance Index: 33.4400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.1997
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1235
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5400
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: 0.1140
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0933
    Cell Significance Index: 68.4100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: 115.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8400
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0219
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3100
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0560
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4700
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.0657
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0669
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0690
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0704
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0785
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0924
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0982
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.1192
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1224
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1369
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1369
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6800
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: -0.1373
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1373
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1479
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.1499
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.1523
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1530
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1540
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1550
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1593
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1688
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7700
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.1842
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1861
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.1906
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.1925
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1993
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: -0.2042
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2055
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: -0.2061
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.2092
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2156
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6700
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.2159
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2168
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2229
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.2314
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0000
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.2337
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2418
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.2422
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: -0.2434
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2483
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Biological Function:** CA4 is a carbonic anhydrase enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, producing bicarbonate and protons. 2. **Tissue Expression:** CA4 is highly expressed in endothelial cells of alveoli, capillaries, colon epithelia, and other tissues, indicating its widespread role in maintaining tissue pH homeostasis. 3. **Cellular Localization:** CA4 is primarily localized to the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of endothelial cells, where it regulates bicarbonate transport and pH homeostasis. 4. **Subcellular Localization:** CA4 is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, suggesting its involvement in protein synthesis and secretion. **Pathways and Functions:** CA4 plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue pH homeostasis through its involvement in the following pathways: 1. **Bicarbonate Transport:** CA4 facilitates the transport of bicarbonate across cell membranes, enabling the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. 2. **O2/CO2 Exchange:** CA4 is involved in the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, allowing for the efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues. 3. **Metabolism:** CA4 is required for the proper functioning of metabolic pathways, including one-carbon metabolism, which is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids and other biomolecules. 4. **Cell Surface and Secretory Processes:** CA4 is involved in protein synthesis and secretion, as it is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of CA4 expression and function has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Respiratory Disorders:** Altered CA4 expression has been linked to respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. 2. **Cardiovascular Diseases:** Abnormal CA4 expression has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. 3. **Metabolic Disorders:** CA4 dysregulation has been implicated in metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. 4. **Cancer:** Altered CA4 expression has been observed in various types of cancer, suggesting its potential role in tumorigenesis. In conclusion, CA4 is a vital enzyme involved in maintaining tissue pH homeostasis and regulating various physiological processes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying CA4 function and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 390011699

Symbol: CAH4_HUMAN

Name: Carbonic anhydrase 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1311094

Title: Human carbonic anhydrase IV: cDNA cloning, sequence comparison, and expression in COS cell membranes.

PubMed ID: 1311094

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1315

PubMed ID: 8325641

Title: Genomic organization and localization of gene for human carbonic anhydrase IV to chromosome 17q.

PubMed ID: 8325641

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1247

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2111324

Title: Carbonic anhydrase IV from human lung. Purification, characterization, and comparison with membrane carbonic anhydrase from human kidney.

PubMed ID: 2111324

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38958-6

PubMed ID: 8809084

Title: Carbonic anhydrase IV: purification of a secretory form of the recombinant human enzyme and identification of the positions and importance of its disulfide bonds.

PubMed ID: 8809084

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0412

PubMed ID: 7625839

Title: Carbonic anhydrase IV: role of removal of C-terminal domain in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring and realization of enzyme activity.

PubMed ID: 7625839

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(95)90015-2

PubMed ID: 16807956

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme.

PubMed ID: 16807956

DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600159

PubMed ID: 16686544

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with L- and D-phenylalanine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isozyme II: stereospecific recognition within the active site of an enzyme and its consequences for the drug design.

PubMed ID: 16686544

DOI: 10.1021/jm0603320

PubMed ID: 17705204

Title: Saccharin inhibits carbonic anhydrases: possible explanation for its unpleasant metallic aftertaste.

PubMed ID: 17705204

DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701189

PubMed ID: 17127057

Title: Carbonic anhydrase activators: L-Adrenaline plugs the active site entrance of isozyme II, activating better isoforms I, IV, VA, VII, and XIV.

PubMed ID: 17127057

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.027

PubMed ID: 17314045

Title: Phosph(on)ate as a zinc-binding group in metalloenzyme inhibitors: X-ray crystal structure of the antiviral drug foscarnet complexed to human carbonic anhydrase I.

PubMed ID: 17314045

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.113

PubMed ID: 19186056

Title: A thiabendazole sulfonamide shows potent inhibitory activity against mammalian and nematode alpha-carbonic anhydrases.

PubMed ID: 19186056

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.038

PubMed ID: 19206230

Title: Non-zinc mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrases: coumarins are a new class of suicide inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 19206230

DOI: 10.1021/ja809683v

PubMed ID: 18618712

Title: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase XIII and its complex with the inhibitor acetazolamide.

PubMed ID: 18618712

DOI: 10.1002/prot.22144

PubMed ID: 8942978

Title: Crystal structure of the secretory form of membrane-associated human carbonic anhydrase IV at 2.8-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 8942978

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13589

PubMed ID: 20363633

Title: Thioether benzenesulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases II and IV: structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.

PubMed ID: 20363633

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.014

PubMed ID: 15563508

Title: Mutant carbonic anhydrase 4 impairs pH regulation and causes retinal photoreceptor degeneration.

PubMed ID: 15563508

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi023

PubMed ID: 17652713

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel mutation in the carbonic anhydrase IV gene that causes retinitis pigmentosa.

PubMed ID: 17652713

DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1515

PubMed ID: 20450258

Title: Screening for the carbonic anhydrase IV gene mutations in Chinese retinitis pigmentosa patients.

PubMed ID: 20450258

DOI: 10.3109/02713680903503512

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 312
  • Mass: 35032
  • Checksum: EF5F182474ABE9B0
  • Sequence:
  • MRMLLALLAL SAARPSASAE SHWCYEVQAE SSNYPCLVPV KWGGNCQKDR QSPINIVTTK 
    AKVDKKLGRF FFSGYDKKQT WTVQNNGHSV MMLLENKASI SGGGLPAPYQ AKQLHLHWSD 
    LPYKGSEHSL DGEHFAMEMH IVHEKEKGTS RNVKEAQDPE DEIAVLAFLV EAGTQVNEGF 
    QPLVEALSNI PKPEMSTTMA ESSLLDLLPK EEKLRHYFRY LGSLTTPTCD EKVVWTVFRE 
    PIQLHREQIL AFSQKLYYDK EQTVSMKDNV RPLQQLGQRT VIKSGAPGRP LPWALPALLG 
    PMLACLLAGF LR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.