Details for: CACNA1D

Gene ID: 776

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CACNA1D

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157388

Description: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 48.11
    rCSI 57.47%
    PRS 58.24
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 43.35
    rCSI 53.93%
    PRS 56.22
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 41.67
    rCSI 53.72%
    PRS 59.53
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 36.73
    rCSI 59.07%
    PRS 60.03
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 33.45
    rCSI 59.08%
    PRS 57.49
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 32.19
    rCSI 54.03%
    PRS 58.31
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 26.23
    rCSI 52.09%
    PRS 72.72
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 25.63
    rCSI 55.61%
    PRS 64.25
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 23.05
    rCSI 46.77%
    PRS 54.91
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 22.99
    rCSI 46.15%
    PRS 66.45
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 22.43
    rCSI 54.52%
    PRS 56.36
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 20.95
    rCSI 15.51%
    PRS 69.85
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 18.51
    rCSI 57.88%
    PRS 62.48
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 18.12
    rCSI 56.64%
    PRS 60.03
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 17.47
    rCSI 45.5%
    PRS 71.91
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 16.84
    rCSI 63.55%
    PRS 59.63
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 16.74
    rCSI 57.34%
    PRS 63.45
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 16.73
    rCSI 44.55%
    PRS 64.62
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 16.41
    rCSI 39.24%
    PRS 63.53
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 15.44
    rCSI 55.57%
    PRS 56.28
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 15.33
    rCSI 20.5%
    PRS 75.74
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 14.86
    rCSI 56.14%
    PRS 58.74
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 14.76
    rCSI 48.52%
    PRS 62.92
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 14.21
    rCSI 15.57%
    PRS 79.06
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 14.07
    rCSI 34.37%
    PRS 69.5
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 13.93
    rCSI 24.09%
    PRS 67.82
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 11.72
    rCSI 21.06%
    PRS 69.9
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 11.34
    rCSI 26.17%
    PRS 64.68
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 10.76
    rCSI 10.01%
    PRS 77.38
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 10.7
    rCSI 43.58%
    PRS 68.95
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 10.57
    rCSI 23.27%
    PRS 59.78
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 10.5
    rCSI 8.53%
    PRS 76.31
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 10.27
    rCSI 22.68%
    PRS 62.34
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 10.02
    rCSI 16.13%
    PRS 66.42
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 10.01
    rCSI 29.01%
    PRS 65.89
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 9.96
    rCSI 18.65%
    PRS 64.73
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 9.65
    rCSI 56.83%
    PRS 59.13
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 9.45
    rCSI 21.19%
    PRS 59.02
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 9.3
    rCSI 12.7%
    PRS 76.98
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 8.45
    rCSI 21.86%
    PRS 72.06
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 6.39%
    PRS 64.81
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 64.43
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 7.84
    rCSI 9.75%
    PRS 78.1
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 7.77
    rCSI 57.13%
    PRS 63.77
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 7.42
    rCSI 10.28%
    PRS 74.56
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 7.27
    rCSI 13.21%
    PRS 67.96
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 7.22
    rCSI 29.07%
    PRS 78.74
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 12.63%
    PRS 70.01
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 6.83
    rCSI 15.59%
    PRS 68.07
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 6.75
    rCSI 19%
    PRS 71.88
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.68
    rCSI 25.02%
    PRS 68.91
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 6.56
    rCSI 21.99%
    PRS 60.76
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 6.52
    rCSI 9.65%
    PRS 81.17
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 6.47
    rCSI 9.88%
    PRS 80.7
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 6.46
    rCSI 21.4%
    PRS 82.06
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 6.42
    rCSI 15.89%
    PRS 76.22
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 6.42
    rCSI 16.73%
    PRS 77.55
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 6.31
    rCSI 8.95%
    PRS 73.44
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI 5.93
    rCSI 42.36%
    PRS 75.23
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 5.83
    rCSI 14.79%
    PRS 66.92
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 5.83
    rCSI 9.21%
    PRS 78.48
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 5.24
    rCSI 45.16%
    PRS 64.19
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 29.39%
    PRS 62.33
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 5.17
    rCSI 27.14%
    PRS 83.13
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 5.08
    rCSI 12.11%
    PRS 77.06
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 5.05
    rCSI 22.56%
    PRS 60.8
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 4.96
    rCSI 8.88%
    PRS 76
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 4.66
    rCSI 6.85%
    PRS 69.54
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.66
    rCSI 12.29%
    PRS 83.99
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 6.44%
    PRS 66.31
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 4.46
    rCSI 13.24%
    PRS 85.8
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 4.44
    rCSI 11.87%
    PRS 68.1
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 4.22
    rCSI 18.75%
    PRS 77.21
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 4.19
    rCSI 36.21%
    PRS 72.23
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 11.53%
    PRS 71.74
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 4.11
    rCSI 6.54%
    PRS 69.51
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 20.28%
    PRS 72.07
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 8.62%
    PRS 85.59
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.84
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 68.49
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 3.96%
    PRS 74.37
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 3.74
    rCSI 12.03%
    PRS 73.71
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 3.73
    rCSI 8.17%
    PRS 82.79
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 3.69
    rCSI 9.94%
    PRS 82.26
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 3.53
    rCSI 22.09%
    PRS 57.45
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 3.45
    rCSI 4.71%
    PRS 68.81
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 3.29
    rCSI 7.51%
    PRS 70.89
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 45.88%
    PRS 67.54
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.98
    rCSI 2.93%
    PRS 79.53
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 5.35%
    PRS 87.69
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 11.44%
    PRS 73.17
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.76
    rCSI 4.21%
    PRS 77.15
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 55.5%
    PRS 66.53
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 6.48%
    PRS 81.55
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 64.55%
    PRS 56.84
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 2.69
    rCSI 54.77%
    PRS 67.87
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 64.33%
    PRS 57.41
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 23.33%
    PRS 65.29
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 10.11%
    PRS 86.61
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 6.35%
    PRS 78.34
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 5.77%
    PRS 81.99
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 70.4%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 84.7%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 85.8%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 79.9%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 75.9%
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 80.0%
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 86.7%
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 85.1%
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 69.3%
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 79.9%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 67.5%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 84.6%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 23.5%
    PRS 73.6%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 82.0%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 78.3%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 86.6%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 23.3%
    PRS 65.3%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 64.3%
    PRS 57.4%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 54.8%
    PRS 67.9%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 64.6%
    PRS 56.8%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 81.6%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 55.5%
    PRS 66.5%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 77.2%
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 11.4%
    PRS 73.2%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 87.7%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 79.5%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 45.9%
    PRS 67.5%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 70.9%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 68.8%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 22.1%
    PRS 57.5%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 82.3%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 82.8%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 12.0%
    PRS 73.7%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 74.4%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 68.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 85.6%
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 20.3%
    PRS 72.1%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 69.5%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 11.5%
    PRS 71.7%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 36.2%
    PRS 72.2%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 18.8%
    PRS 77.2%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 11.9%
    PRS 68.1%
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 13.2%
    PRS 85.8%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 66.3%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 84.0%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 69.5%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 5.0
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 76.0%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 22.6%
    PRS 60.8%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 12.1%
    PRS 77.1%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 27.1%
    PRS 83.1%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 29.4%
    PRS 62.3%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 45.2%
    PRS 64.2%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 78.5%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 14.8%
    PRS 66.9%
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 42.4%
    PRS 75.2%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 73.4%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 77.6%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 76.2%
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 21.4%
    PRS 82.1%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 80.7%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 81.2%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 22.0%
    PRS 60.8%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 25.0%
    PRS 68.9%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 19.0%
    PRS 71.9%
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 15.6%
    PRS 68.1%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 70.0%
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 29.1%
    PRS 78.7%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 13.2%
    PRS 68.0%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 7.4
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 74.6%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 57.1%
    PRS 63.8%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 78.1%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 8.1
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 64.4%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 8.1
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 64.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 21.9%
    PRS 72.1%
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 9.3
    rCSI 12.7%
    PRS 77.0%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 21.2%
    PRS 59.0%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 9.7
    rCSI 56.8%
    PRS 59.1%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 10.0
    rCSI 18.7%
    PRS 64.7%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 10.0
    rCSI 29.0%
    PRS 65.9%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 10.0
    rCSI 16.1%
    PRS 66.4%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 10.3
    rCSI 22.7%
    PRS 62.3%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 10.5
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 76.3%
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 10.6
    rCSI 23.3%
    PRS 59.8%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 10.7
    rCSI 43.6%
    PRS 69.0%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 10.8
    rCSI 10.0%
    PRS 77.4%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 11.3
    rCSI 26.2%
    PRS 64.7%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 11.7
    rCSI 21.1%
    PRS 69.9%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 13.9
    rCSI 24.1%
    PRS 67.8%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 14.1
    rCSI 34.4%
    PRS 69.5%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 14.2
    rCSI 15.6%
    PRS 79.1%
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 14.8
    rCSI 48.5%
    PRS 62.9%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 14.9
    rCSI 56.1%
    PRS 58.7%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 15.3
    rCSI 20.5%
    PRS 75.7%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 15.4
    rCSI 55.6%
    PRS 56.3%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 16.4
    rCSI 39.2%
    PRS 63.5%
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 16.7
    rCSI 44.6%
    PRS 64.6%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 16.7
    rCSI 57.3%
    PRS 63.5%
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 16.8
    rCSI 63.6%
    PRS 59.6%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 17.5
    rCSI 45.5%
    PRS 71.9%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 18.1
    rCSI 56.6%
    PRS 60.0%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) encodes the alpha-1D subunit (CaV1.3) of a voltage-dependent, L-type calcium channel. This channel plays a crucial role in mediating the influx of calcium ions into cells upon membrane depolarization. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) is a highly significant gene in the central nervous system, with particularly strong and specific expression in various subtypes of GABAergic cortical interneurons, including [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016) and [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018). Its function is integral to processes such as neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and synaptic plasticity. Clinically, mutations in [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) are associated with a range of channelopathies, including primary aldosteronism, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and congenital deafness ([114206](https://omim.org/entry/114206)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) strongly implicates it as a key regulator of neuronal function, particularly within the cerebral cortex. It exhibits its highest significance scores across a broad array of inhibitory interneurons, such as [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016) (CSI: 48.11), [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018) (CSI: 43.35), and [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 41.67). This suggests a fundamental role in governing the activity of inhibitory circuits that are critical for maintaining cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance. Beyond cortical interneurons, [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) is also significantly expressed in excitatory neurons, such as [L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4030059), and other specialized neural cell types like [retinal pigment epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002586) and [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065). This pattern of expression is consistent with its established role in diverse physiological processes, from neuronal signaling in the brain to sensory functions in the retina and cochlea. The presence of [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) in these specific cell types underscores its importance in cellular contexts that rely on precise control of calcium-dependent signaling. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) is central to calcium ion homeostasis and signaling. Gene Ontology annotations highlight its primary molecular function as a `High voltage-gated calcium channel activity` ([GO:0008331](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008331)) located within the `L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex` ([GO:1990454](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990454)) on the plasma membrane. The biological processes it mediates are diverse, including `Calcium ion import across plasma membrane` ([GO:0098703](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0098703)), `Cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction` ([GO:0086002](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0086002)), and `Sensory perception of sound` ([GO:0007605](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007605)). Reactome pathway analysis further corroborates these roles and places them in a broader biological context. The gene's involvement in `Nervous system development` ([R-HSA-9675108](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9675108)) and `Axon guidance` ([R-HSA-422475](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-422475)) is consistent with its high expression in neurons and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, its participation in the `Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea` ([R-HSA-9662360](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9662360)) pathway provides a direct mechanistic link to the deafness phenotype observed in patients with loss-of-function mutations ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2694)). The gene is also implicated in endocrine function through pathways like `Regulation of insulin secretion` ([R-HSA-422356](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-422356)), a role supported by early cloning studies in pancreatic beta cells ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.2.584)). ## Research Directions The association of [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) with both gain-of-function and loss-of-function human channelopathies makes it a compelling subject for further investigation. The distinct cellular contexts of its expression offer avenues to explore the specific contributions of this channel to complex diseases. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. Given that gain-of-function mutations in [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) are linked to autism spectrum disorders ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.020)) and its expression is highest in cortical interneurons, a plausible hypothesis is that these mutations disproportionately affect inhibitory neuron function, leading to an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in cortical circuits that underlies the neurodevelopmental deficits. 2. Considering its role in `Sensory perception of sound` ([GO:0007605](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007605)) and the congenital deafness resulting from loss-of-function mutations ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2694)), it is hypothesized that [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) is essential for the sustained neurotransmitter release from inner ear hair cells required for auditory signal transmission, and its absence disrupts this critical synaptic step. ### Key Experimental Approach: To test the first hypothesis, a powerful approach would be to generate a mouse model carrying a clinically relevant gain-of-function mutation in *Cacna1d* using CRISPR-Cas9. By crossing this model with reporter lines that label specific interneuron subtypes (e.g., VIP-Cre, Pvalb-Cre), one could use *in vivo* two-photon calcium imaging to monitor the activity of these specific neuronal populations in the cortex of awake, behaving animals. This would directly assess whether the mutation alters the firing patterns and circuit dynamics of inhibitory neurons, providing a causal link between channel dysfunction and network-level pathophysiology relevant to autism. ### Therapeutic Potential: As a voltage-gated ion channel, [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) is a druggable target. For conditions driven by gain-of-function mutations, such as certain forms of autism and primary aldosteronism ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2695)), therapeutic development would focus on **inhibition** using selective small molecule blockers. The primary challenge would be achieving specificity for the CaV1.3 channel to avoid off-target effects on other L-type calcium channels, particularly CaV1.2 in the heart. Conversely, for loss-of-function disorders like the associated congenital deafness syndrome, a strategy of **activation** would be required, which is pharmacologically more challenging. Gene therapy to restore functional [CACNA1D](/details-gene/776) expression in the inner ear could represent a future therapeutic avenue for this specific condition.

Genular Protein ID: 3360881362

Symbol: CAC1D_HUMAN

Name: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1309651

Title: Structure and functional expression of alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype.

PubMed ID: 1309651

DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90109-q

PubMed ID: 1309948

Title: Cloning of the alpha 1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel expressed in pancreatic beta cells.

PubMed ID: 1309948

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.2.584

PubMed ID: 7557998

Title: The structures of the human calcium channel alpha 1 subunit (CACNL1A2) and beta subunit (CACNLB3) genes.

PubMed ID: 7557998

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.1048

PubMed ID: 18482979

Title: Modulation of voltage- and Ca2+-dependent gating of CaV1.3 L-type calcium channels by alternative splicing of a C-terminal regulatory domain.

PubMed ID: 18482979

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802254200

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 9894156

Title: Genomic structure of the regulatory region of the voltage-gated calcium channel alpha 1D.

PubMed ID: 9894156

DOI: 10.1038/emm.1998.36

PubMed ID: 1335101

Title: Molecular diversity of neuronal-type calcium channels identified in small cell lung carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 1335101

DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61144-6

PubMed ID: 21280120

Title: Loss of recognition by cross-reactive T cells and its relation to a C-terminus-induced conformational reorientation of an HLA-B*2705-bound peptide.

PubMed ID: 21280120

DOI: 10.1002/pro.559

PubMed ID: 21131953

Title: Loss of Ca(v)1.3 (CACNA1D) function in a human channelopathy with bradycardia and congenital deafness.

PubMed ID: 21131953

DOI: 10.1038/nn.2694

PubMed ID: 22495309

Title: Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations.

PubMed ID: 22495309

DOI: 10.1038/nature10989

PubMed ID: 22542183

Title: De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum.

PubMed ID: 22542183

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.009

PubMed ID: 23913001

Title: Somatic and germline CACNA1D calcium channel mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas and primary aldosteronism.

PubMed ID: 23913001

DOI: 10.1038/ng.2695

PubMed ID: 25620733

Title: CACNA1D de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorders activate Cav1.3 L-type calcium channels.

PubMed ID: 25620733

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.020

PubMed ID: 28472301

Title: New gain-of-function mutation shows CACNA1D as recurrently mutated gene in autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy.

PubMed ID: 28472301

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx175

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 2161
  • Mass: 245141
  • Checksum: 31B0ADFCDB30B575
  • Sequence:
  • MMMMMMMKKM QHQRQQQADH ANEANYARGT RLPLSGEGPT SQPNSSKQTV LSWQAAIDAA 
    RQAKAAQTMS TSAPPPVGSL SQRKRQQYAK SKKQGNSSNS RPARALFCLS LNNPIRRACI 
    SIVEWKPFDI FILLAIFANC VALAIYIPFP EDDSNSTNHN LEKVEYAFLI IFTVETFLKI 
    IAYGLLLHPN AYVRNGWNLL DFVIVIVGLF SVILEQLTKE TEGGNHSSGK SGGFDVKALR 
    AFRVLRPLRL VSGVPSLQVV LNSIIKAMVP LLHIALLVLF VIIIYAIIGL ELFIGKMHKT 
    CFFADSDIVA EEDPAPCAFS GNGRQCTANG TECRSGWVGP NGGITNFDNF AFAMLTVFQC 
    ITMEGWTDVL YWMNDAMGFE LPWVYFVSLV IFGSFFVLNL VLGVLSGEFS KEREKAKARG 
    DFQKLREKQQ LEEDLKGYLD WITQAEDIDP ENEEEGGEEG KRNTSMPTSE TESVNTENVS 
    GEGENRGCCG SLCQAISKSK LSRRWRRWNR FNRRRCRAAV KSVTFYWLVI VLVFLNTLTI 
    SSEHYNQPDW LTQIQDIANK VLLALFTCEM LVKMYSLGLQ AYFVSLFNRF DCFVVCGGIT 
    ETILVELEIM SPLGISVFRC VRLLRIFKVT RHWTSLSNLV ASLLNSMKSI ASLLLLLFLF 
    IIIFSLLGMQ LFGGKFNFDE TQTKRSTFDN FPQALLTVFQ ILTGEDWNAV MYDGIMAYGG 
    PSSSGMIVCI YFIILFICGN YILLNVFLAI AVDNLADAES LNTAQKEEAE EKERKKIARK 
    ESLENKKNNK PEVNQIANSD NKVTIDDYRE EDEDKDPYPP CDVPVGEEEE EEEEDEPEVP 
    AGPRPRRISE LNMKEKIAPI PEGSAFFILS KTNPIRVGCH KLINHHIFTN LILVFIMLSS 
    AALAAEDPIR SHSFRNTILG YFDYAFTAIF TVEILLKMTT FGAFLHKGAF CRNYFNLLDM 
    LVVGVSLVSF GIQSSAISVV KILRVLRVLR PLRAINRAKG LKHVVQCVFV AIRTIGNIMI 
    VTTLLQFMFA CIGVQLFKGK FYRCTDEAKS NPEECRGLFI LYKDGDVDSP VVRERIWQNS 
    DFNFDNVLSA MMALFTVSTF EGWPALLYKA IDSNGENIGP IYNHRVEISI FFIIYIIIVA 
    FFMMNIFVGF VIVTFQEQGE KEYKNCELDK NQRQCVEYAL KARPLRRYIP KNPYQYKFWY 
    VVNSSPFEYM MFVLIMLNTL CLAMQHYEQS KMFNDAMDIL NMVFTGVFTV EMVLKVIAFK 
    PKGYFSDAWN TFDSLIVIGS IIDVALSEAD PTESENVPVP TATPGNSEES NRISITFFRL 
    FRVMRLVKLL SRGEGIRTLL WTFIKSFQAL PYVALLIAML FFIYAVIGMQ MFGKVAMRDN 
    NQINRNNNFQ TFPQAVLLLF RCATGEAWQE IMLACLPGKL CDPESDYNPG EEYTCGSNFA 
    IVYFISFYML CAFLIINLFV AVIMDNFDYL TRDWSILGPH HLDEFKRIWS EYDPEAKGRI 
    KHLDVVTLLR RIQPPLGFGK LCPHRVACKR LVAMNMPLNS DGTVMFNATL FALVRTALKI 
    KTEGNLEQAN EELRAVIKKI WKKTSMKLLD QVVPPAGDDE VTVGKFYATF LIQDYFRKFK 
    KRKEQGLVGK YPAKNTTIAL QAGLRTLHDI GPEIRRAISC DLQDDEPEET KREEEDDVFK 
    RNGALLGNHV NHVNSDRRDS LQQTNTTHRP LHVQRPSIPP ASDTEKPLFP PAGNSVCHNH 
    HNHNSIGKQV PTSTNANLNN ANMSKAAHGK RPSIGNLEHV SENGHHSSHK HDREPQRRSS 
    VKRTRYYETY IRSDSGDEQL PTICREDPEI HGYFRDPHCL GEQEYFSSEE CYEDDSSPTW 
    SRQNYGYYSR YPGRNIDSER PRGYHHPQGF LEDDDSPVCY DSRRSPRRRL LPPTPASHRR 
    SSFNFECLRR QSSQEEVPSS PIFPHRTALP LHLMQQQIMA VAGLDSSKAQ KYSPSHSTRS 
    WATPPATPPY RDWTPCYTPL IQVEQSEALD QVNGSLPSLH RSSWYTDEPD ISYRTFTPAS 
    LTVPSSFRNK NSDKQRSADS LVEAVLISEG LGRYARDPKF VSATKHEIAD ACDLTIDEME 
    SAASTLLNGN VRPRANGDVG PLSHRQDYEL QDFGPGYSDE EPDPGRDEED LADEMICITT 
    L

Genular Protein ID: 3566809199

Symbol: Q59GD8_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1854
  • Mass: 211464
  • Checksum: 73DE6B07DF531A39
  • Sequence:
  • ANGTECRSGW VGPNGGITNF DNFAFAMLTV FQCITMEGWT DVLYWMNDAM GFELPWVYFV 
    SLVIFGSFFV LNLVLGVLSG EFSKEREKAK ARGDFQKLRE KQQLEEDLKG YLDWITQAED 
    IDPENEEEGG EEGKRNTSMP TSETESVNTE NVSGEGENRG CCGSLWCWWR RRGAAKAGPS 
    GCRRWGQAIS KSKLSRRWRR WNRFNRRRCR AAVKSVTFYW LVIVLVFLNT LTISSEHYNQ 
    PDWLTQIQDI ANKVLLALFT CEMLVKMYSL GLQAYFVSLF NRFDCFVVCG GITETILVEL 
    EIMSPLGISV FRCVRLLRIF KVTRHWTSLS NLVASLLNSM KSIASLLLLL FLFIIIFSLL 
    GMQLFGGKFN FDETQTKRST FDNFPQALLT VFQILTGEDW NAVMYDGIMA YGGPSSSGMI 
    VCIYFIILFI CGNYILLNVF LAIAVDNLAD AESLNTAQKE EAEEKERKKI ARKESLENKK 
    NNKPEVNQIA NSDNKVTIDD YREEDEDKDP YPPCDVPVGE EEEEEEEDEP EVPAGPRPRR 
    ISELNMKEKI APIPEGSAFF ILSKTNPIRV GCHKLINHHI FTNLILVFIM LSSAALAAED 
    PIRSHSFRNT ILGYFDYAFT AIFTVEILLK MTTFGAFLHK GAFCRNYFNL LDMLVVGVSL 
    VSFGIQSSAI SVVKILRVLR VLRPLRAINR AKGLKHVVQC VFVAIRTIGN IMIVTTLLQF 
    MFACIGVQLF KGKFYRCTDE AKSNPEECRG LFILYKDGDV DSPVVRERIW QNSDFNFDNV 
    LSAMMALFTV STFEGWPALL YKAIDSNGEN IGPIYNHRVE ISIFFIIYII IVAFFMMNIF 
    VGFVIVTFQE QGEKEYKNCE LDKNQRQCVE YALKARPLRR YIPKNPYQYK FWYVVNSSPF 
    EYMMFVLIML NTLCLAMQHY EQSKMFNDAM DILNMVFTGV FTVEMVLKVI AFKPKHYFTD 
    AWNTFDALIV VGSVVDIAIT EVNPTESENV PVPTATPGNS EESNRISITF FRLFRVMRLV 
    KLLSRGEGIR TLLWTFIKSF QALPYVALLI AMLFFIYAVI GMQMFGKVAM RDNNQINRNN 
    NFQTFPQAVL LLFRCATGEA WQEIMLACLP GKLCDPESDY NPGEEYTCGS NFAIVYFISF 
    YMLCAFLIIN LFVAVIMDNF DYLTRDWSIL GPHHLDEFKR IWSEYDPEAK GRIKHLDVVT 
    LLRRIQPPLG FGKLCPHRVA CKRLVAMNMP LNSDGTVMFN ATLFALVRTA LKIKTEGNLE 
    QANEELRAVI KKIWKKTSMK LLDQVVPPAG DDEVTVGKFY ATFLIQDYFR KFKKRKEQGL 
    VGKYPAKNTT IALQAGLRTL HDIGPEIRRA ISCDLQDDEP EETKREEEDD VFKRNGALLG 
    NHVNHVNSDR RDSLQQTNTT HRPLHVQRPS IPPASDTEKP LFPPAGNSVC HNHHNHNSIG 
    KQVPTSTNAN LNNANMSKAA HGKRPSIGNL EHVSENGHHS SHKHDREPQR RSSVKRTRYY 
    ETYIRSDSGD EQLPTICRED PEIHGYFRDP HCLGEQEYFS SEECYEDDSS PTWSRQNYGY 
    YSRYPGRNID SERPRGYHHP QGFLEDDDSP VCYDSRRSPR RRLLPPTPAS HRRSSFNFEC 
    LRRQSSQEEV PSSPIFPHRT ALPLHLMQQQ IMAVAGLDSS KAQKYSPSHS TRSWATPPAT 
    PPYRDWTPCY TPLIQVEQSE ALDQVNGSLP SLHRSSWYTD EPDISYRTFT PASLTVPSSF 
    RNKNSDKQRS ADSLVEAVLI SEGLGRYARD PKFVSATKHE IADACDLTID EMESAASTLL 
    NGNVRPRANG DVGPLSHRQD YELQDFGPGY SDEEPDPGRD EEDLADEMIC ITTL

Genular Protein ID: 3201312509

Symbol: A0A1B0GUN6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 2146
  • Mass: 243705
  • Checksum: FE9180FDE7745CC5
  • Sequence:
  • MMMMMMMKKM QHQRQQQADH ANEANYARGT RLPLSGEGPT SQPNSSKQTV LSWQAAIDAA 
    RQAKAAQTMS TSAPPPVGSL SQRKRQQYAK SKKQGNSSNS RPARALFCLS LNNPIRRACI 
    SIVEWKPFDI FILLAIFANC VALAIYIPFP EDDSNSTNHN LEKVEYAFLI IFTVETFLKI 
    IAYGLLLHPN AYVRNGWNLL DFVIVIVGLF SVILEQLTKE TEGGNHSSGK SGGFDVKALR 
    AFRVLRPLRL VSGVPSLQVV LNSIIKAMVP LLHIALLVLF VIIIYAIIGL ELFIGKMHKT 
    CFFADSDIVA EEDPAPCAFS GNGRQCTANG TECRSGWVGP NGGITNFDNF AFAMLTVFQC 
    ITMEGWTDVL YWVNDAIGWE WPWVYFVSLI ILGSFFVLNL VLGVLSGEFS KEREKAKARG 
    DFQKLREKQQ LEEDLKGYLD WITQAEDIDP ENEEEGGEEG KRNTSMPTSE TESVNTENVS 
    GEGENRGCCG SLCQAISKSK LSRRWRRWNR FNRRRCRAAV KSVTFYWLVI VLVFLNTLTI 
    SSEHYNQPDW LTQIQDIANK VLLALFTCEM LVKMYSLGLQ AYFVSLFNRF DCFVVCGGIT 
    ETILVELEIM SPLGISVFRC VRLLRIFKVT RHWTSLSNLV ASLLNSMKSI ASLLLLLFLF 
    IIIFSLLGMQ LFGGKFNFDE TQTKRSTFDN FPQALLTVFQ ILTGEDWNAV MYDGIMAYGG 
    PSSSGMIVCI YFIILFICGN YILLNVFLAI AVDNLADAES LNTAQKEEAE EKERKKIARK 
    ESLENKKNNK PEVNQIANSD NKVTIDDYRE EDEDKDPYPP CDVPVGEEEE EEEEDEPEVP 
    AGPRPRRISE LNMKEKIAPI PEGSAFFILS KTNPIRVGCH KLINHHIFTN LILVFIMLSS 
    AALAAEDPIR SHSFRNTILG YFDYAFTAIF TVEILLKMTT FGAFLHKGAF CRNYFNLLDM 
    LVVGVSLVSF GIQSSAISVV KILRVLRVLR PLRAINRAKG LKHVVQCVFV AIRTIGNIMI 
    VTTLLQFMFA CIGVQLFKGK FYRCTDEAKS NPEECRGLFI LYKDGDVDSP VVRERIWQNS 
    DFNFDNVLSA MMALFTVSTF EGWPALLYKA IDSNGENIGP IYNHRVEISI FFIIYIIIVA 
    FFMMNIFVGF VIVTFQEQGE KEYKNCELDK NQRQCVEYAL KARPLRRYIP KNPYQYKFWY 
    VVNSSPFEYM MFVLIMLNTL CLAMQHYEQS KMFNDAMDIL NMVFTGVFTV EMVLKVIAFK 
    PKGYFSDAWN TFDSLIVIGS IIDVALSEAD NSEESNRISI TFFRLFRVMR LVKLLSRGEG 
    IRTLLWTFIK SFQALPYVAL LIAMLFFIYA VIGMQMFGKV AMRDNNQINR NNNFQTFPQA 
    VLLLFRCATG EAWQEIMLAC LPGKLCDPES DYNPGEEYTC GSNFAIVYFI SFYMLCAFLI 
    INLFVAVIMD NFDYLTRDWS ILGPHHLDEF KRIWSEYDPE AKGRIKHLDV VTLLRRIQPP 
    LGFGKLCPHR VACKRLVAMN MPLNSDGTVM FNATLFALVR TALKIKTEGN LEQANEELRA 
    VIKKIWKKTS MKLLDQVVPP AGDDEVTVGK FYATFLIQDY FRKFKKRKEQ GLVGKYPAKN 
    TTIALQAGLR TLHDIGPEIR RAISCDLQDD EPEETKREEE DDVFKRNGAL LGNHVNHVNS 
    DRRDSLQQTN TTHRPLHVQR PSIPPASDTE KPLFPPAGNS VCHNHHNHNS IGKQVPTSTN 
    ANLNNANMSK AAHGKRPSIG NLEHVSENGH HSSHKHDREP QRRSSVKRTR YYETYIRSDS 
    GDEQLPTICR EDPEIHGYFR DPHCLGEQEY FSSEECYEDD SSPTWSRQNY GYYSRYPGRN 
    IDSERPRGYH HPQGFLEDDD SPVCYDSRRS PRRRLLPPTP ASHRRSSFNF ECLRRQSSQE 
    EVPSSPIFPH RTALPLHLMQ QQIMAVAGLD SSKAQKYSPS HSTRSWATPP ATPPYRDWTP 
    CYTPLIQVEQ SEALDQVNGS LPSLHRSSWY TDEPDISYRT FTPASLTVPS SFRNKNSDKQ 
    RSADSLVEAV LISEGLGRYA RDPKFVSATK HEIADACDLT IDEMESAAST LLNGNVRPRA 
    NGDVGPLSHR QDYELQDFGP GYSDEEPDPG RDEEDLADEM ICITTL