Details for: ACTN2

Gene ID: 88

Symbol: ACTN2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077522

Description: actinin alpha 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: 7.62
    Marker Score: 5796
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: 4.95
    Marker Score: 110652
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 3.27
    Marker Score: 27673.5
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 3.18
    Marker Score: 11317
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Marker Score: 7269
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 780
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Marker Score: 29278
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 692
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Marker Score: 4648
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 943
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 1.72
    Marker Score: 10365
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 14659
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 12976
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 2313
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 169053
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 868
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 20845
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 81449
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 552.5
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 7418
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 2049
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 2518
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 794
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 2591
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71822
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48047
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30408
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 36048
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5339
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 915
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1876
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2739
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5287
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 8174
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 408
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 257
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1262
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 708
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 396
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 904
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 3031
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 7057
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 9915
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 544.5
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 755
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 1074
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 402
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 1235
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 4606
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 249
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 336
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 1535
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 251
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite cell (CL0000594)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 351
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 227
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 2009
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 267
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 688
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 125
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 16378
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 1728
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 9013
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 968
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 508
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 132
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 233
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 304
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 661
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 7214
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell (CL2000046)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 145
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 1286
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 103
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 158
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 635.5
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of thymus (CL0002293)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 92
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 1069
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 154
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 337
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 158
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 99
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 273
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 123
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 108
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 214
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 153
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 160
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 2097
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 859

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - ACTN2 is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 140 kDa. - It is expressed in a variety of cell types, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, retinal bipolar neuron, cardiac muscle cell, smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil, ciliary muscle cell, and lymphocyte. - ACTN2 is a highly conserved protein, with a similar sequence found in organisms from yeast to humans. **Pathways and functions:** - ACTN2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. - It is a key component of the cell adhesion complex, which is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. - ACTN2 is also involved in the assembly and function of NMDA receptors, which are a type of glutamate receptor that is expressed in the brain and other central nervous system tissues. - NMDA receptors are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and epilepsy. **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in the ACTN2 gene have been linked to a number of human diseases, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and heart disease. - These mutations can disrupt the function of ACTN2, leading to a variety of cellular defects that can cause neurological and cardiovascular problems. **Additional notes:** - ACTN2 is a highly important protein in the human body. - It is a key component of the cell adhesion complex, which is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. - ACTN2 is also involved in the assembly and function of NMDA receptors, which are a type of glutamate receptor that is expressed in the brain and other central nervous system tissues.

Genular Protein ID: 1547637273

Symbol: ACTN2_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-actinin-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1339456

Title: Cloning and characterization of two human skeletal muscle alpha-actinin genes located on chromosomes 1 and 11.

PubMed ID: 1339456

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50420-3

PubMed ID: 10548523

Title: Fine mapping and genomic structure of ACTN2, the human gene coding for the sarcomeric isoform of alpha-actinin-2, expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

PubMed ID: 10548523

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1661

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10427098

Title: ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein.

PubMed ID: 10427098

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.146.2.465

PubMed ID: 10984498

Title: FATZ, a filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding protein of the Z-disc of skeletal muscle.

PubMed ID: 10984498

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007493200

PubMed ID: 11114196

Title: Calsarcins, a novel family of sarcomeric calcineurin-binding proteins.

PubMed ID: 11114196

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.260501097

PubMed ID: 11171996

Title: Myozenin: an alpha-actinin- and gamma-filamin-binding protein of skeletal muscle Z lines.

PubMed ID: 11171996

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1595

PubMed ID: 11842093

Title: Calsarcin-3, a novel skeletal muscle-specific member of the calsarcin family, interacts with multiple Z-disc proteins.

PubMed ID: 11842093

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200712200

PubMed ID: 15159419

Title: Affixin interacts with alpha-actinin and mediates integrin signaling for reorganization of F-actin induced by initial cell-substrate interaction.

PubMed ID: 15159419

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308141

PubMed ID: 17046827

Title: Myomaxin is a novel transcriptional target of MEF2A that encodes a Xin-related alpha-actinin-interacting protein.

PubMed ID: 17046827

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603244200

PubMed ID: 20554076

Title: The sarcomeric Z-disc component myopodin is a multiadapter protein that interacts with filamin and alpha-actinin.

PubMed ID: 20554076

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.04.004

PubMed ID: 19932097

Title: BPAG1 isoform-b: complex distribution pattern in striated and heart muscle and association with plectin and alpha-actinin.

PubMed ID: 19932097

DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.010

PubMed ID: 22972877

Title: F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 22 is a cardiac-enriched F-box protein that regulates sarcomeric protein turnover and is essential for maintenance of contractile function in vivo.

PubMed ID: 22972877

DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.271007

PubMed ID: 10481917

Title: Structure of the alpha-actinin rod: molecular basis for cross-linking of actin filaments.

PubMed ID: 10481917

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81981-9

PubMed ID: 11573089

Title: Ca2+-independent binding of an EF-hand domain to a novel motif in the alpha-actinin-titin complex.

PubMed ID: 11573089

DOI: 10.1038/nsb1001-853

PubMed ID: 11470434

Title: Crystal structure of the alpha-actinin rod reveals an extensive torsional twist.

PubMed ID: 11470434

DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00619-0

PubMed ID: 14567970

Title: Mutations in the muscle LIM protein and alpha-actinin-2 genes in dilated cardiomyopathy and endocardial fibroelastosis.

PubMed ID: 14567970

DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(03)00142-2

PubMed ID: 20022194

Title: Mutations in alpha-actinin-2 cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a genome-wide analysis.

PubMed ID: 20022194

DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.016

PubMed ID: 25224718

Title: Exome sequencing identifies a mutation in the ACTN2 gene in a family with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, left ventricular noncompaction, and sudden death.

PubMed ID: 25224718

DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0099-0

PubMed ID: 25173926

Title: Novel alpha-actinin 2 variant associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and juvenile atrial arrhythmias: a massively parallel sequencing study.

PubMed ID: 25173926

DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000486

PubMed ID: 30701273

Title: ACTN2 mutations cause 'Multiple structured Core Disease' (MsCD).

PubMed ID: 30701273

DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01963-8

PubMed ID: 30900782

Title: Actininopathy: A new muscular dystrophy caused by ACTN2 dominant mutations.

PubMed ID: 30900782

DOI: 10.1002/ana.25470

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 894
  • Mass: 103854
  • Checksum: 7F612C1C3B3E2299
  • Sequence:
  • MNQIEPGVQY NYVYDEDEYM IQEEEWDRDL LLDPAWEKQQ RKTFTAWCNS HLRKAGTQIE 
    NIEEDFRNGL KLMLLLEVIS GERLPKPDRG KMRFHKIANV NKALDYIASK GVKLVSIGAE 
    EIVDGNVKMT LGMIWTIILR FAIQDISVEE TSAKEGLLLW CQRKTAPYRN VNIQNFHTSW 
    KDGLGLCALI HRHRPDLIDY SKLNKDDPIG NINLAMEIAE KHLDIPKMLD AEDIVNTPKP 
    DERAIMTYVS CFYHAFAGAE QAETAANRIC KVLAVNQENE RLMEEYERLA SELLEWIRRT 
    IPWLENRTPE KTMQAMQKKL EDFRDYRRKH KPPKVQEKCQ LEINFNTLQT KLRISNRPAF 
    MPSEGKMVSD IAGAWQRLEQ AEKGYEEWLL NEIRRLERLE HLAEKFRQKA STHETWAYGK 
    EQILLQKDYE SASLTEVRAL LRKHEAFESD LAAHQDRVEQ IAAIAQELNE LDYHDAVNVN 
    DRCQKICDQW DRLGTLTQKR REALERMEKL LETIDQLHLE FAKRAAPFNN WMEGAMEDLQ 
    DMFIVHSIEE IQSLITAHEQ FKATLPEADG ERQSIMAIQN EVEKVIQSYN IRISSSNPYS 
    TVTMDELRTK WDKVKQLVPI RDQSLQEELA RQHANERLRR QFAAQANAIG PWIQNKMEEI 
    ARSSIQITGA LEDQMNQLKQ YEHNIINYKN NIDKLEGDHQ LIQEALVFDN KHTNYTMEHI 
    RVGWELLLTT IARTINEVET QILTRDAKGI TQEQMNEFRA SFNHFDRRKN GLMDHEDFRA 
    CLISMGYDLG EAEFARIMTL VDPNGQGTVT FQSFIDFMTR ETADTDTAEQ VIASFRILAS 
    DKPYILAEEL RRELPPDQAQ YCIKRMPAYS GPGSVPGALD YAAFSSALYG ESDL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.