Details for: CD1A

Gene ID: 909

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CD1A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158477

Description: CD1a molecule

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 48.36
    rCSI 58.41%
    PRS 82.51
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 47.04
    rCSI 47.94%
    PRS 85.02
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 39.6
    rCSI 60.48%
    PRS 86.96
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 9.24
    rCSI 10.72%
    PRS 78.23
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 39.55%
    PRS 80.22
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 4.01
    rCSI 7.11%
    PRS 44.61
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 5.39%
    PRS 41.55
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 3.73%
    PRS 41.87
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 1.62%
    PRS 56.55
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 0.66
    rCSI 1.36%
    PRS 72.59
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.56
    rCSI 0.79%
    PRS 75.17

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CD1A](/details-gene/909) is a protein-coding gene that encodes the CD1a molecule, a T-cell surface glycoprotein structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I family ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3093894/)). Its primary function is the presentation of lipid and glycolipid antigens to T cells, playing a crucial role in the [adaptive immune response](/details-pathway/GO:0002250) ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15723809/)). Expression data highlight [CD1A](/details-gene/909) as a key marker for specialized antigen-presenting cells, most notably [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399) and skin-resident [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453), as well as for developing [double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0000809)s. Its clinical relevance is linked to immune system function and is cataloged in OMIM ([188370](https://omim.org/entry/188370)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CD1A](/details-gene/909) underscores its specialized function within the immune system. **Overall**, the gene shows exceptionally high significance in a select group of professional antigen-presenting cells and developing lymphocytes. It is a defining marker for [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399) (CSI: 48.36) and [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453) (CSI: 39.60), which are critical for initiating T cell responses to foreign and self-lipid antigens ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11231314/)). Its high significance in [double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0000809) (CSI: 47.04) is consistent with its established role during T cell development and selection in the thymus ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2447586/)). Beyond these primary cell types, [CD1A](/details-gene/909) shows moderate but notable significance in mature lymphocyte populations, including [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815) (CSI: 9.24) and [cytotoxic T cell](/details-cell/CL0000910) (CSI: 6.90). This suggests a potential role in modulating the function of these effector and regulatory cells in peripheral tissues. The gene is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells of the skin, such as [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) and [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013), which is consistent with the epidermal location of [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453)s and may point to a role in cutaneous immunity. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [CD1A](/details-gene/909) are tightly linked to its cellular expression pattern and its role in the [Adaptive immune system](/details-pathway/R-HSA-1280218). Functionally, the CD1a protein is annotated with [endogenous lipid antigen binding](/details-pathway/GO:0030883) and [exogenous lipid antigen binding](/details-pathway/GO:0030884), enabling its participation in [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous lipid antigens](/details-pathway/GO:0048007). This is central to its role in initiating T cell responses against microbial pathogens that have distinct lipid compositions. Located on the [external side of plasma membrane](/details-pathway/GO:0009897), often within [membrane raft](/details-pathway/GO:0045121)s ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18178838/)), the CD1a molecule presents these lipid antigens to the T cell receptor. This interaction contributes to the broader [Immune system](/details-pathway/R-HSA-168256) pathway and facilitates [immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid and a non-lymphoid cell](/details-pathway/R-HSA-198933). Research has shown that CD1a-restricted T cells can recognize both foreign and self-lipids, implicating [CD1A](/details-gene/909) in both antimicrobial immunity and autoimmunity ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16272286/)). ## Research Directions The specific role of [CD1A](/details-gene/909) in presenting lipid antigens, particularly in the context of skin-resident [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453)s, opens several avenues for future investigation into its contribution to health and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression on [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453)s and its function in lipid presentation, dysregulation of [CD1A](/details-gene/909)-mediated antigen presentation may be a key driver in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, by promoting the activation of pathogenic T cells in response to altered self-lipids or microbial lipids. 2. The expression of [CD1A](/details-gene/909) on [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815)s suggests a novel mechanism of immune modulation. We hypothesize that [CD1A](/details-gene/909) on these cells may bind self-lipids, contributing to the maintenance of their suppressive phenotype or function, thereby playing a role in peripheral tolerance. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, a conditional knockout mouse model could be employed. Specifically, deleting *Cd1a* in CD11c-expressing cells (which include [Langerhans cell](/details-cell/CL0000453)s) and then inducing a model of psoriasis (e.g., using topical imiquimod). The impact of [CD1A](/details-gene/909) deletion would be assessed by quantifying disease severity (e.g., skin thickness, scaling), analyzing the composition of infiltrating immune cells via flow cytometry, and measuring the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-23) in skin tissue using qRT-PCR and ELISA. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a cell surface protein with highly restricted expression on antigen-presenting cells, [CD1A](/details-gene/909) presents a promising therapeutic target. In the context of T cell-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory skin disorders, a monoclonal antibody designed to block the lipid-binding groove of CD1a or its interaction with the T cell receptor could represent a highly specific inhibitory strategy. This would selectively dampen the activation of pathogenic T cells without causing broad immunosuppression. Therefore, inhibition of the CD1a pathway is a viable therapeutic concept for targeted intervention in dermatology and immunology.

Genular Protein ID: 171542717

Symbol: CD1A_HUMAN

Name: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P06126 D3DVD7 Q13962 Q5TDJ8 Q9UMM4 Q9Y5M5

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 3 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 13 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 15 PDBsum 15 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2701945

Title: Expression of cDNA clones encoding the thymocyte antigens CD1a, b, c demonstrates a hierarchy of exclusion in fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 2701945

PubMed ID: 2447586

Title: Structure and expression of the human thymocyte antigens CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c.

PubMed ID: 2447586

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9189

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 10488738

Title: Polymorphism of human CD1 genes.

PubMed ID: 10488738

DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540202.x

PubMed ID: 2784820

Title: Molecular cloning of CD1a (T6), a human epidermal dendritic cell marker related to class I MHC molecules.

PubMed ID: 2784820

DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12712175

PubMed ID: 3093894

Title: A novel family of human major histocompatibility complex-related genes not mapping to chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 3093894

DOI: 10.1038/323540a0

PubMed ID: 3097645

Title: Isolation of CD1 genes: a family of major histocompatibility complex-related differentiation antigens.

PubMed ID: 3097645

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9154

PubMed ID: 11231314

Title: CD1a molecules traffic through the early recycling endosomal pathway in human Langerhans cells.

PubMed ID: 11231314

DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01264.x

PubMed ID: 16272286

Title: CD1a-, b-, and c-restricted TCRs recognize both self and foreign antigens.

PubMed ID: 16272286

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6344

PubMed ID: 18178838

Title: Regulation of CD1a surface expression and antigen presentation by invariant chain and lipid rafts.

PubMed ID: 18178838

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.980

PubMed ID: 12833155

Title: Crystal structure of CD1a in complex with a sulfatide self antigen at a resolution of 2.15 A.

PubMed ID: 12833155

DOI: 10.1038/ni948

PubMed ID: 15723809

Title: Molecular mechanism of lipopeptide presentation by CD1a.

PubMed ID: 15723809

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.009

PubMed ID: 25642819

Title: alphabeta T cell antigen receptor recognition of CD1a presenting self lipid ligands.

PubMed ID: 25642819

DOI: 10.1038/ni.3098

PubMed ID: 11600221

Title: Structural characterization of two CD1A allelic variants.

PubMed ID: 11600221

DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00314-7

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 327
  • Mass: 37077
  • Checksum: C575C3C538F0AA29
  • Sequence:
    • MLFLLLPLLA VLPGDGNADG LKEPLSFHVT WIASFYNHSW KQNLVSGWLS DLQTHTWDSN 
SSTIVFLCPW SRGNFSNEEW KELETLFRIR TIRSFEGIRR YAHELQFEYP FEIQVTGGCE 
LHSGKVSGSF LQLAYQGSDF VSFQNNSWLP YPVAGNMAKH FCKVLNQNQH ENDITHNLLS 
DTCPRFILGL LDAGKAHLQR QVKPEAWLSH GPSPGPGHLQ LVCHVSGFYP KPVWVMWMRG 
EQEQQGTQRG DILPSADGTW YLRATLEVAA GEAADLSCRV KHSSLEGQDI VLYWEHHSSV 
GFIILAVIVP LLLLIGLALW FRKRCFC