Details for: CD19

Gene ID: 930

Symbol: CD19

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177455

Description: CD19 molecule

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 22.4297
    Cell Significance Index: 52.3300
  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 22.2443
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 13.8580
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 6.0456
    Cell Significance Index: 18.6400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 3.5991
    Cell Significance Index: 424.4400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 2.8063
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 1.6001
    Cell Significance Index: 103.2300
  • Cell Name: IgG-negative class switched memory B cell (CL0002117)
    Fold Change: 1.3998
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2600
  • Cell Name: B-1b B cell (CL0000821)
    Fold Change: 0.9311
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6700
  • Cell Name: IgG memory B cell (CL0000979)
    Fold Change: 0.8047
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8600
  • Cell Name: follicular B cell (CL0000843)
    Fold Change: 0.5098
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.4939
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7000
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.4782
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0600
  • Cell Name: pre-B-I cell (CL0000956)
    Fold Change: 0.4758
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3408
    Cell Significance Index: 20.4600
  • Cell Name: B-1a B cell (CL0000820)
    Fold Change: 0.2654
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2555
    Cell Significance Index: 41.5600
  • Cell Name: transitional stage B cell (CL0000818)
    Fold Change: 0.2521
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1336
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1245
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5100
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0170
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0275
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0337
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0429
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: mature B cell (CL0000785)
    Fold Change: -0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0571
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.0605
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0650
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0672
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0680
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0728
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0810
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0829
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0854
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0894
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0922
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0987
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: B-2 B cell (CL0000822)
    Fold Change: -0.0993
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0993
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1077
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1092
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: immature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000790)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1124
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.1155
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1201
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.1258
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.1272
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.1297
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1318
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** CD19 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein consisting of three immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig-like domains 1-3) and a cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed on the surface of B cells from the early pre-B cell stage to maturity, with the highest expression levels observed in germinal center B cells. CD19 is also found on certain subsets of B-1 B cells and centrocytes. The protein is highly conserved across species, with homologs found in mice and other vertebrates. CD19 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is closely related to other B cell surface molecules, such as CD20 and CD21. **Pathways and Functions** CD19 is a key component of the B cell receptor (BCR) complex, which is responsible for antigen recognition and signaling. Upon binding of antigens to the BCR, CD19 is activated, leading to the recruitment of adapter proteins and the activation of downstream signaling pathways. These pathways include: 1. **PI3K/AKT signaling pathway**: CD19 activation leads to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which in turn activates protein kinase B (AKT). This pathway is involved in B cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 2. **MAPK/ERK signaling pathway**: CD19 activation also leads to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which is involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation. 3. **Complement cascade**: CD19 is also involved in the regulation of the complement cascade, a series of proteolytic reactions that help eliminate pathogens from the body. 4. **Signaling by the B cell receptor (BCR)**: CD19 is essential for the activation of the BCR, which is responsible for antigen recognition and signaling. **Clinical Significance** CD19 is a promising target for cancer therapy, as it is highly expressed on the surface of B cells, including those involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma. CD19-targeting therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. Additionally, CD19 is also involved in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, where it plays a role in the regulation of B cell activation and proliferation. In conclusion, CD19 is a critical component of the B cell receptor complex and plays a key role in the development, activation, and proliferation of B lymphocytes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancers and autoimmune disorders, making it a promising target for therapeutic interventions.

Genular Protein ID: 101508303

Symbol: CD19_HUMAN

Name: B-lymphocyte antigen CD19

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2459292

Title: CD19, the earliest differentiation antigen of the B cell lineage, bears three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an Epstein-Barr virus-related cytoplasmic tail.

PubMed ID: 2459292

DOI: 10.1084/jem.168.3.1205

PubMed ID: 2472450

Title: Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

PubMed ID: 2472450

PubMed ID: 1375324

Title: The promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP.

PubMed ID: 1375324

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.6.2662-2672.1992

PubMed ID: 1370948

Title: Structure of the genes encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 1370948

DOI: 10.1007/bf00189519

PubMed ID: 12215898

Title: Polymorphisms of human CD19 gene: possible association with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese.

PubMed ID: 12215898

DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363906

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2463100

Title: Regulatory role of CD19 molecules in B-cell activation and differentiation.

PubMed ID: 2463100

DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(89)90385-7

PubMed ID: 1702139

Title: Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19.

PubMed ID: 1702139

DOI: 10.1084/jem.173.1.55

PubMed ID: 1383329

Title: The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules.

PubMed ID: 1383329

PubMed ID: 1373518

Title: CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 1373518

DOI: 10.1126/science.1373518

PubMed ID: 7687428

Title: CD19 is a substrate of the antigen receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase in human B cells.

PubMed ID: 7687428

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1807

PubMed ID: 7687539

Title: Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells.

PubMed ID: 7687539

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05930.x

PubMed ID: 7684160

Title: CD19 of B cells as a surrogate kinase insert region to bind phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

PubMed ID: 7684160

DOI: 10.1126/science.7684160

PubMed ID: 9382888

Title: Qualitative regulation of B cell antigen receptor signaling by CD19: selective requirement for PI3-kinase activation, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate production and Ca2+ mobilization.

PubMed ID: 9382888

DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.11.1897

PubMed ID: 9317126

Title: Regulation of B lymphocyte development and activation by the CD19/CD21/CD81/Leu 13 complex requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD19.

PubMed ID: 9317126

PubMed ID: 10706702

Title: Systematic analysis of the role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines in enhancement of activation in Daudi human B cells: clustering of phospholipase C and Vav and of Grb2 and Sos with different CD19 tyrosines.

PubMed ID: 10706702

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.6.3123

PubMed ID: 12387743

Title: The physiologic role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines.

PubMed ID: 12387743

DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00426-0

PubMed ID: 16449649

Title: Building of the tetraspanin web: distinct structural domains of CD81 function in different cellular compartments.

PubMed ID: 16449649

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.4.1373-1385.2006

PubMed ID: 16672701

Title: An antibody-deficiency syndrome due to mutations in the CD19 gene.

PubMed ID: 16672701

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa051568

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 29523808

Title: Grb2 and GRAP connect the B cell antigen receptor to Erk MAP kinase activation in human B cells.

PubMed ID: 29523808

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22544-x

PubMed ID: 29490423

Title: Crystal structure of B-cell co-receptor CD19 in complex with antibody B43 reveals an unexpected fold.

PubMed ID: 29490423

DOI: 10.1002/prot.25485

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 556
  • Mass: 61128
  • Checksum: A0E08DD628B69E51
  • Sequence:
  • MPPPRLLFFL LFLTPMEVRP EEPLVVKVEE GDNAVLQCLK GTSDGPTQQL TWSRESPLKP 
    FLKLSLGLPG LGIHMRPLAI WLFIFNVSQQ MGGFYLCQPG PPSEKAWQPG WTVNVEGSGE 
    LFRWNVSDLG GLGCGLKNRS SEGPSSPSGK LMSPKLYVWA KDRPEIWEGE PPCLPPRDSL 
    NQSLSQDLTM APGSTLWLSC GVPPDSVSRG PLSWTHVHPK GPKSLLSLEL KDDRPARDMW 
    VMETGLLLPR ATAQDAGKYY CHRGNLTMSF HLEITARPVL WHWLLRTGGW KVSAVTLAYL 
    IFCLCSLVGI LHLQRALVLR RKRKRMTDPT RRFFKVTPPP GSGPQNQYGN VLSLPTPTSG 
    LGRAQRWAAG LGGTAPSYGN PSSDVQADGA LGSRSPPGVG PEEEEGEGYE EPDSEEDSEF 
    YENDSNLGQD QLSQDGSGYE NPEDEPLGPE DEDSFSNAES YENEDEELTQ PVARTMDFLS 
    PHGSAWDPSR EATSLGSQSY EDMRGILYAA PQLRSIRGQP GPNHEEDADS YENMDNPDGP 
    DPAWGGGGRM GTWSTR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.