Details for: ACY1

Gene ID: 95

Symbol: ACY1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243989

Description: aminoacylase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 43.4279
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 26.3362
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 5.5537
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 2.4936
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.7877
    Cell Significance Index: 290.7600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.7410
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.7105
    Cell Significance Index: 102.6900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.8987
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6373
    Cell Significance Index: 69.3200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.5566
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.5469
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5307
    Cell Significance Index: 15.2900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4062
    Cell Significance Index: 49.9400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3707
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3487
    Cell Significance Index: 62.8600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.3137
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5400
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.2756
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2659
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7600
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.2563
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.2355
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.2292
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.2036
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1853
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1833
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1760
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1693
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1558
    Cell Significance Index: 140.6400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1278
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.1117
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0943
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0931
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2200
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.0858
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0764
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0620
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0574
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0333
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8300
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0730
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0735
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.0894
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0913
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0953
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0954
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0992
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1038
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1085
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1113
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.1130
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1183
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1270
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1301
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1343
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9400
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.1378
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1545
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.1561
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.1570
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** ACY1 is a member of the aminoacylase family, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of aminoacyl esters to release free amino acids. This enzyme is highly expressed in various tissues, including the brain, kidney, and immune cells, such as transitional stage B cells and GABAergic interneurons. ACY1 exhibits a high degree of specificity for certain amino acids, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. **Pathways and Functions:** ACY1 plays a pivotal role in various metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Amino acid metabolism:** ACY1 hydrolyzes aminoacyl esters, releasing free amino acids that can be utilized by cells for protein synthesis, neurotransmission, and other cellular processes. 2. **Paracetamol metabolism:** ACY1 is involved in the metabolism of paracetamol (acetaminophen), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent. Defects in ACY1 have been linked to impaired paracetamol metabolism, leading to enhanced toxicity. 3. **Aflatoxin activation and detoxification:** ACY1 has been implicated in the activation and detoxification of aflatoxins, a class of mycotoxins produced by certain fungi. This enzyme helps to convert aflatoxins into less toxic compounds, thereby reducing the risk of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. 4. **Cytosolic amino acid transport:** ACY1 is involved in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes, regulating the availability of these essential nutrients for cellular metabolism. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of ACY1 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Encephalopathy:** Defects in ACY1 have been linked to encephalopathy, a condition characterized by brain dysfunction and impaired cognitive function. 2. **Paracetamol-induced liver injury:** Impaired ACY1 activity has been associated with increased risk of paracetamol-induced liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. 3. **Aflatoxin-related diseases:** ACY1 plays a critical role in the detoxification of aflatoxins, and defects in this enzyme may contribute to the development of aflatoxin-related diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. 4. **Metabolic disorders:** ACY1 is involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, and dysregulation of this enzyme may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, such as hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. In conclusion, ACY1 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in immune regulation, metabolism, and detoxification. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding the function and regulation of this enzyme in maintaining human health.

Genular Protein ID: 3071519865

Symbol: ACY1_HUMAN

Name: Aminoacylase-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q03154 C9J6I6 C9J9D8 C9JWD4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 4 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 19 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 5 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 5 Rhea 6 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8357837

Title: The nucleotide sequence of human aminoacylase-1.

PubMed ID: 8357837

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90116-u

PubMed ID: 8394326

Title: Human aminoacylase-1. Cloning, sequence, and expression analysis of a chromosome 3p21 gene inactivated in small cell lung cancer.

PubMed ID: 8394326

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85294-8

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12933810

Title: Essential roles of zinc ligation and enzyme dimerization for catalysis in the aminoacylase-1/M20 family.

PubMed ID: 12933810

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304233200

PubMed ID: 16274666

Title: Aminoacylase I deficiency: a novel inborn error of metabolism.

PubMed ID: 16274666

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.126

PubMed ID: 16465618

Title: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism.

PubMed ID: 16465618

DOI: 10.1086/500563

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 17562838

Title: Neurological findings in aminoacylase 1 deficiency.

PubMed ID: 17562838

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264933.56204.e8

PubMed ID: 21414403

Title: The molecular basis of aminoacylase 1 deficiency.

PubMed ID: 21414403

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.005

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 408
  • Mass: 45885
  • Checksum: 293350CD7759826C
  • Sequence:
    • MTSKGPEEEH PSVTLFRQYL RIRTVQPKPD YGAAVAFFEE TARQLGLGCQ KVEVAPGYVV 
TVLTWPGTNP TLSSILLNSH TDVVPVFKEH WSHDPFEAFK DSEGYIYARG AQDMKCVSIQ 
YLEAVRRLKV EGHRFPRTIH MTFVPDEEVG GHQGMELFVQ RPEFHALRAG FALDEGIANP 
TDAFTVFYSE RSPWWVRVTS TGRPGHASRF MEDTAAEKLH KVVNSILAFR EKEWQRLQSN 
PHLKEGSVTS VNLTKLEGGV AYNVIPATMS ASFDFRVAPD VDFKAFEEQL QSWCQAAGEG 
VTLEFAQKWM HPQVTPTDDS NPWWAAFSRV CKDMNLTLEP EIMPAATDNR YIRAVGVPAL 
GFSPMNRTPV LLHDHDERLH EAVFLRGVDI YTRLLPALAS VPALPSDS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.