Details for: CD59

Gene ID: 966

Symbol: CD59

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085063

Description: CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 419.3636
    Cell Significance Index: -65.2300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 284.8882
    Cell Significance Index: -72.2600
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 213.5223
    Cell Significance Index: -87.9600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 183.5646
    Cell Significance Index: -86.6700
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 129.9771
    Cell Significance Index: -87.2200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 64.4305
    Cell Significance Index: -79.4400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 28.8854
    Cell Significance Index: -77.3800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 23.2300
    Cell Significance Index: -71.3500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 22.0854
    Cell Significance Index: -87.1500
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 18.1761
    Cell Significance Index: -39.7800
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 17.9284
    Cell Significance Index: 128.7600
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 11.5170
    Cell Significance Index: 203.5200
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 10.7832
    Cell Significance Index: 114.5700
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 10.1297
    Cell Significance Index: 62.3400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 7.7786
    Cell Significance Index: 222.9800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 6.6767
    Cell Significance Index: 75.8500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 6.0438
    Cell Significance Index: 450.4400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 5.3052
    Cell Significance Index: 685.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 4.6705
    Cell Significance Index: 217.7600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 4.3442
    Cell Significance Index: 204.1800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 3.6085
    Cell Significance Index: 650.5100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 3.3059
    Cell Significance Index: 406.4900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 3.2561
    Cell Significance Index: 417.4100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 2.8950
    Cell Significance Index: 204.7500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 2.5067
    Cell Significance Index: 68.2300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 2.3956
    Cell Significance Index: 22.0600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 2.2178
    Cell Significance Index: 304.5600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.9801
    Cell Significance Index: 875.4600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.8923
    Cell Significance Index: 1033.4100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 1.7338
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.6382
    Cell Significance Index: 471.3600
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: 1.6081
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.3360
    Cell Significance Index: 19.2200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.0561
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.0435
    Cell Significance Index: 113.5000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.8586
    Cell Significance Index: 29.8400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8349
    Cell Significance Index: 43.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.7241
    Cell Significance Index: 82.6600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.6604
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.6294
    Cell Significance Index: 126.2500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5175
    Cell Significance Index: 51.2000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4985
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.4826
    Cell Significance Index: 365.2800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.4651
    Cell Significance Index: 166.8300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.4114
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3220
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.3117
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2946
    Cell Significance Index: 216.0200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2686
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1965
    Cell Significance Index: 33.5500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1933
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1651
    Cell Significance Index: 31.4200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: 138.9600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0687
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0523
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: -70.9000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0424
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: -32.7200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0548
    Cell Significance Index: -101.0500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0644
    Cell Significance Index: -99.1800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0738
    Cell Significance Index: -100.3300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0744
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.1050
    Cell Significance Index: -59.2100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1108
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.1169
    Cell Significance Index: -74.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1385
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1585
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1865
    Cell Significance Index: -84.6300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.2261
    Cell Significance Index: -36.7700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2393
    Cell Significance Index: -27.8900
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.2976
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.3579
    Cell Significance Index: -71.0200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.4498
    Cell Significance Index: -53.0500
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.4828
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.4868
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.5523
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.5664
    Cell Significance Index: -82.3400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.7315
    Cell Significance Index: -44.9600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.7980
    Cell Significance Index: -63.2000
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.8161
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.8348
    Cell Significance Index: -52.6200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.8430
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.8434
    Cell Significance Index: -87.8200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.8693
    Cell Significance Index: -43.9300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.9278
    Cell Significance Index: -59.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.9306
    Cell Significance Index: -57.0600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.9882
    Cell Significance Index: -55.4500
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -1.0949
    Cell Significance Index: -27.9700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -1.2117
    Cell Significance Index: -49.6500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -1.2741
    Cell Significance Index: -85.6700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -1.3852
    Cell Significance Index: -83.1600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -1.4210
    Cell Significance Index: -64.4100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -1.4229
    Cell Significance Index: -62.9400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -1.5223
    Cell Significance Index: -32.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -1.5991
    Cell Significance Index: -47.1000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -1.6430
    Cell Significance Index: -34.3900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -1.6985
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -1.6999
    Cell Significance Index: -64.3700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Glycoprotein structure**: CD59 is a 21-kDa glycoprotein composed of a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. 2. **Expression**: CD59 is expressed on the surface of various cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and immune cells. 3. **Function**: CD59 inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), preventing cell lysis and complement-mediated damage. 4. **Regulation**: CD59 is regulated by various factors, including complement components, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Complement regulation**: CD59 inhibits the formation of the MAC, preventing cell lysis and complement-mediated damage. 2. **Cell surface signaling**: CD59 interacts with various cell surface receptors, modulating signaling pathways involved in cell adhesion, migration, and survival. 3. **Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport**: CD59 is involved in the regulation of ER to Golgi transport, ensuring proper protein processing and secretion. 4. **Protein binding**: CD59 interacts with various proteins, including complement components, cytokines, and adhesion molecules, modulating their activity and function. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Complement-mediated disorders**: CD59 deficiency or dysfunction has been implicated in various complement-mediated disorders, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). 2. **Autoimmune diseases**: CD59 dysregulation has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 3. **Cancer**: CD59 expression has been found to be altered in various cancers, including lung, breast, and colon cancer, suggesting its potential role in tumor progression and metastasis. 4. **Transplantation**: CD59 is a useful marker for monitoring the activity of the complement system in transplant patients, helping to predict the risk of acute rejection and graft failure. In conclusion, CD59 is a critical protein that regulates the complement system, maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing autoimmune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, making it a valuable target for therapeutic intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions between CD59 and other proteins, as well as its role in different disease contexts.

Genular Protein ID: 2132032314

Symbol: CD59_HUMAN

Name: CD59 glycoprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2475570

Title: CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells.

PubMed ID: 2475570

DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.3.637

PubMed ID: 1689664

Title: The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility.

PubMed ID: 1689664

DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830200113

PubMed ID: 2475111

Title: 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein.

PubMed ID: 2475111

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)90852-8

PubMed ID: 2606909

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement.

PubMed ID: 2606909

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122893

PubMed ID: 1692709

Title: Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 1692709

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1990.9.213

PubMed ID: 1381503

Title: Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein.

PubMed ID: 1381503

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876

PubMed ID: 1383553

Title: Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation.

PubMed ID: 1383553

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-g

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2476718

Title: Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C.

PubMed ID: 2476718

DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.16.6728

PubMed ID: 8670172

Title: Structural composition and functional characterization of soluble CD59: heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide and glycophosphoinositol (GPI) anchor revealed by laser-desorption mass spectrometric analysis.

PubMed ID: 8670172

DOI: 10.1042/bj3160923

PubMed ID: 8276756

Title: Determination of carboxyl-terminal residue and disulfide bonds of MACIF (CD59), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein.

PubMed ID: 8276756

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124202

PubMed ID: 1377690

Title: The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the ''b'' domain of C9.

PubMed ID: 1377690

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42266-1

PubMed ID: 9235986

Title: Mapping the regions of the complement inhibitor CD59 responsible for its species selective activity.

PubMed ID: 9235986

DOI: 10.1021/bi970832i

PubMed ID: 9053451

Title: Mutational analysis of the active site and antibody epitopes of the complement-inhibitory glycoprotein, CD59.

PubMed ID: 9053451

DOI: 10.1084/jem.185.3.507

PubMed ID: 9054419

Title: The glycosylation of the complement regulatory protein, human erythrocyte CD59.

PubMed ID: 9054419

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.11.7229

PubMed ID: 10805801

Title: Molecular basis for a link between complement and the vascular complications of diabetes.

PubMed ID: 10805801

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.10.5450

PubMed ID: 17566972

Title: Computational approach for identification and characterization of GPI-anchored peptides in proteomics experiments.

PubMed ID: 17566972

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700068

PubMed ID: 18780401

Title: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 18780401

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701057

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 7512825

Title: Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins.

PubMed ID: 7512825

DOI: 10.1021/bi00181a006

PubMed ID: 7520819

Title: Structure of a soluble, glycosylated form of the human complement regulatory protein CD59.

PubMed ID: 7520819

DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00020-4

PubMed ID: 1382994

Title: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene.

PubMed ID: 1382994

DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830221029

PubMed ID: 23149847

Title: CD59 deficiency is associated with chronic hemolysis and childhood relapsing immune-mediated polyneuropathy.

PubMed ID: 23149847

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-441857

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 128
  • Mass: 14177
  • Checksum: 2F0D29CBE3C28505
  • Sequence:
  • MGIQGGSVLF GLLLVLAVFC HSGHSLQCYN CPNPTADCKT AVNCSSDFDA CLITKAGLQV 
    YNKCWKFEHC NFNDVTTRLR ENELTYYCCK KDLCNFNEQL ENGGTSLSEK TVLLLVTPFL 
    AAAWSLHP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.