Details for: GH1

Gene ID: 2688

Symbol: GH1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000259384

Description: growth hormone 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 6.7
    Marker Score: 8289
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 4403
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 1019.5
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 805
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 694
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71844
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48070
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 620
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 403
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 1201
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 182
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 206
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 828
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 219
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 501.5
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 137
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 214.5
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 223
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 426
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 2462
  • Cell Name: transitional stage B cell (CL0000818)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 92
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: small pre-B-II cell (CL0000954)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 48
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 562
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 93
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 111
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 230
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 760
  • Cell Name: late pro-B cell (CL0002048)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 81
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: B-2 B cell (CL0000822)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: mature B cell (CL0000785)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: trophoblast giant cell (CL0002488)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 86
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 103
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 66
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: gut endothelial cell (CL0000131)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000003)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of uterus (CL0009095)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: IgM plasma cell (CL0000986)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: pre-B-I cell (CL0000956)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 4
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 4
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: IgG-negative class switched memory B cell (CL0002117)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 4
  • Cell Name: malignant cell (CL0001064)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 156
  • Cell Name: germinal center B cell (CL0000844)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * GH1 is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. * It is produced in the pituitary gland and is released into the bloodstream. * GH1 is a potent stimulant of cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. * It is also a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. * It plays a critical role in growth, development, and differentiation in many tissues, including the brain, skeletal system, and cardiovascular system. **Pathways and functions:** * GH1 binds to its receptor, GHR, on various cell types. * This binding activates the receptor, which leads to the activation of downstream signaling pathways. * These pathways include the JAK/STAT pathway, the MAPK pathway, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. * GH1 signaling is essential for the growth and differentiation of neural cells, the regulation of cell cycle, and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. **Clinical significance:** * GH1 is a key hormone in various physiological processes, including growth, development, and differentiation. * Mutations in the GH1 gene have been linked to several human diseases, including growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly, and pituitary tumors. * Targeting GH1 signaling has been investigated as a therapeutic strategy for these diseases. * The development of GH1-based therapies is an active area of research. **Additional notes:** * GH1 is produced in a pulsatile manner, with peaks of production occurring throughout the day. * It is a potent endocrine hormone, meaning that it can travel freely in the bloodstream. * GH1 is a highly regulated protein, with its levels tightly controlled by various factors, including growth factors, growth hormone receptors, and feedback mechanisms.

Genular Protein ID: 3404326332

Symbol: SOMA_HUMAN

Name: Somatotropin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01241 A6NEF6 Q14405 Q16631 Q5EB53 Q9HBZ1 Q9UMJ7 Q9UNL5

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 26 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 9 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 4 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 13 PDBsum 10 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 5 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 3 SABIO-RK 1 SASBDB 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 386281

Title: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the human growth hormone structural gene.

PubMed ID: 386281

DOI: 10.1093/nar/7.2.305

PubMed ID: 377496

Title: Human growth hormone: complementary DNA cloning and expression in bacteria.

PubMed ID: 377496

DOI: 10.1126/science.377496

PubMed ID: 6269091

Title: Human growth hormone DNA sequence and mRNA structure: possible alternative splicing.

PubMed ID: 6269091

DOI: 10.1093/nar/9.15.3719

PubMed ID: 7169009

Title: The human growth hormone gene family: nucleotide sequences show recent divergence and predict a new polypeptide hormone.

PubMed ID: 7169009

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1.1982.1.239

PubMed ID: 2744760

Title: The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution.

PubMed ID: 2744760

DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90271-1

PubMed ID: 18473352

Title: Complex signatures of locus-specific selective pressures and gene conversion on human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes.

PubMed ID: 18473352

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20767

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 10931946

Title: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning.

PubMed ID: 10931946

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.160270997

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3912261

Title: Periplasmic production of correctly processed human growth hormone in Escherichia coli: natural and bacterial signal sequences are interchangeable.

PubMed ID: 3912261

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90319-1

PubMed ID: 5810834

Title: Human pituitary growth hormone. XIX. The primary structure of the hormone.

PubMed ID: 5810834

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90489-5

PubMed ID: 5144027

Title: Human pituitary growth hormone. 32. The primary structure of the hormone: revision.

PubMed ID: 5144027

DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(71)80060-7

PubMed ID: 4675454

Title: Sequence comparison of human pituitary growth hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin, and ovine pituitary growth and lactogenic hormones.

PubMed ID: 4675454

DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1972.tb03430.x

PubMed ID: 5279046

Title: Revised primary structure for human growth hormone.

PubMed ID: 5279046

DOI: 10.1038/newbio230090a0

PubMed ID: 5279528

Title: Sequences of pituitary and placental lactogenic and growth hormones: evolution from a primordial peptide by gene reduplication.

PubMed ID: 5279528

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.4.866

PubMed ID: 7462247

Title: The 20,000 molecular weight variant of human growth hormone. Preparation and some physical and chemical properties.

PubMed ID: 7462247

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69793-0

PubMed ID: 7356479

Title: The 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone: location of the amino acid deletions.

PubMed ID: 7356479

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)90363-0

PubMed ID: 7028740

Title: Altered proteolytic cleavage of human growth hormone as a result of deamidation.

PubMed ID: 7028740

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68453-x

PubMed ID: 8364549

Title: A new mutation causing inherited growth hormone deficiency: a compound heterozygote of a 6.7 kb deletion and a two base deletion in the third exon of the GH-1 gene.

PubMed ID: 8364549

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.1073

PubMed ID: 14997482

Title: Identification and characterization of phosphorylated proteins in the human pituitary.

PubMed ID: 14997482

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300584

PubMed ID: 10393484

Title: Growth hormone heterogeneity in human pituitary and plasma.

PubMed ID: 10393484

DOI: 10.1159/000053128

PubMed ID: 16807684

Title: Phosphoproteomic analysis of the human pituitary.

PubMed ID: 16807684

DOI: 10.1007/s11102-006-8916-x

PubMed ID: 3447173

Title: Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of human growth hormone.

PubMed ID: 3447173

DOI: 10.1002/prot.340020209

PubMed ID: 1549776

Title: Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: crystal structure of the complex.

PubMed ID: 1549776

DOI: 10.1126/science.1549776

PubMed ID: 7984244

Title: The X-ray structure of a growth hormone-prolactin receptor complex.

PubMed ID: 7984244

DOI: 10.1038/372478a0

PubMed ID: 8943276

Title: Crystal structure of an antagonist mutant of human growth hormone, G120R, in complex with its receptor at 2.9-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 8943276

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.50.32197

PubMed ID: 8552145

Title: Short stature caused by a mutant growth hormone.

PubMed ID: 8552145

DOI: 10.1056/nejm199602153340704

PubMed ID: 9152628

Title: Detection of growth hormone gene defects by dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF).

PubMed ID: 9152628

DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.44.149

PubMed ID: 9276733

Title: Biologically inactive growth hormone caused by an amino acid substitution.

PubMed ID: 9276733

DOI: 10.1172/jci119627

PubMed ID: 10391209

Title: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes.

PubMed ID: 10391209

DOI: 10.1038/10290

PubMed ID: 11502836

Title: Autosomal dominant GH deficiency due to an Arg183His GH-1 gene mutation: clinical and molecular evidence of impaired regulated GH secretion.

PubMed ID: 11502836

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.8.7723

PubMed ID: 12655557

Title: Novel mutations of the growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene disclosed by modulation of the clinical selection criteria for individuals with short stature.

PubMed ID: 12655557

DOI: 10.1002/humu.10168

PubMed ID: 15001589

Title: A novel dysfunctional growth hormone variant (Ile179Met) exhibits a decreased ability to activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.

PubMed ID: 15001589

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030652

PubMed ID: 15713716

Title: Short stature caused by a biologically inactive mutant growth hormone (GH-C53S).

PubMed ID: 15713716

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1838

PubMed ID: 17519310

Title: Evaluation of the biological activity of a growth hormone (GH) mutant (R77C) and its impact on GH responsiveness and stature.

PubMed ID: 17519310

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2238

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 217
  • Mass: 24847
  • Checksum: 72CC15AF4ED1C51A
  • Sequence:
    • MATGSRTSLL LAFGLLCLPW LQEGSAFPTI PLSRLFDNAM LRAHRLHQLA FDTYQEFEEA 
YIPKEQKYSF LQNPQTSLCF SESIPTPSNR EETQQKSNLE LLRISLLLIQ SWLEPVQFLR 
SVFANSLVYG ASDSNVYDLL KDLEEGIQTL MGRLEDGSPR TGQIFKQTYS KFDTNSHNDD 
ALLKNYGLLY CFRKDMDKVE TFLRIVQCRS VEGSCGF

Genular Protein ID: 3459311846

Symbol: B1A4G7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B1A4G7

Database IDs:

ARBA 5 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 1 GenomeRNAi 1 InterPro 4 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSR 1 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 2 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 18473352

Title: Complex signatures of locus-specific selective pressures and gene conversion on human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes.

PubMed ID: 18473352

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20767

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 202
  • Mass: 22992
  • Checksum: 65342A13E1856C5E
  • Sequence:
    • MATGSRTSLL LAFGLLCLPW LQEGSAFPTI PLSRLFDNAM LRAHRLHQLA FDTYQEFNPQ 
TSLCFSESIP TPSNREETQQ KSNLELLRIS LLLIQSWLEP VQFLRSVFAN SLVYGASDSN 
VYDLLKDLEE GIQTLMGRLE DGSPRTGQIF KQTYSKFDTN SHNDDALLKN YGLLYCFRKD 
MDKVETFLRI VQCRSVEGSC GF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.