Details for: ZNF860

Gene ID: 344787

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ZNF860

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197385

Description: zinc finger protein 860

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 4.37
    rCSI 3.26%
    PRS 99.83

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3 that encodes Zinc Finger Protein 860. Functional annotations strongly suggest that [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) acts as a DNA-binding transcription factor that specifically regulates gene expression via RNA polymerase II. **Overall**, expression data indicates a significant role for this protein within the adaptive immune system, with its expression being a notable feature of [class switched memory B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972). Its function is likely tied to the transcriptional programs that establish or maintain the identity and function of this specific lymphocyte population. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) points towards a specialized role in the humoral immune system. **Overall**, the gene's most significant expression is observed in [class switched memory B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972) (CSI: 4.37). This high significance suggests that [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) may be a key transcriptional regulator involved in the long-term maintenance, survival, or recall response of this mature B cell subset. As memory B cells are critical for providing rapid and robust secondary immune responses, [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) may control the expression of genes essential for this function. Further investigation is required to determine its expression pattern across other immune and non-immune cell types to fully delineate its cellular specificity. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Consistent with its identity as a zinc finger protein, the molecular functions of [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) are centered on the regulation of transcription. Gene Ontology annotations confirm its localization to the [nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634) and its capacity for [metal ion binding](/details-cell/GO:0046872), which is characteristic of zinc finger domains. Its primary molecular activities include [DNA-binding transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific](/details-cell/GO:0000981) and [RNA polymerase ii cis-regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding](/details-cell/GO:0000978). These functions place [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) as a direct participant in the biological process of [regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii](/details-cell/GO:0006357). This is further supported by its involvement in broad Reactome pathways such as [Gene expression (transcription)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-74160) and [RNA polymerase II transcription](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-73857). Its specific role within [class switched memory B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972) is likely to involve the activation or repression of a specific suite of genes required for their long-term persistence and reactivation capabilities. Post-translational modification by SUMOylation has also been observed, suggesting a potential layer of regulatory control over its activity [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3366). ## Research Directions The specific enrichment of [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) in [class switched memory B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972) opens up several avenues for future research into B cell biology and associated pathologies. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. **[ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) is a master regulator essential for establishing or maintaining the quiescent, long-lived state of [class switched memory B cells](/details-cell/CL0000972).** Its depletion would lead to either apoptosis or spontaneous differentiation, thus compromising the integrity of the memory B cell pool. 2. **[ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) transcriptionally controls the machinery required for rapid reactivation and differentiation of memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon secondary antigen encounter.** Consequently, its absence would impair the anamnestic immune response. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis, a conditional knockout mouse model for [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) in the B cell lineage (e.g., using a CD19-Cre driver) could be generated. These mice, along with wild-type controls, would be subjected to a prime-boost immunization protocol with a T-dependent antigen. The secondary immune response could then be assessed by: * Quantifying antigen-specific antibody titers (e.g., IgG1) in the serum via ELISA. * Analyzing the number and phenotype of memory B cells and plasma cells in the spleen and bone marrow using flow cytometry. * Performing ex vivo stimulation of isolated memory B cells to assess their proliferative and differentiation capacity. * Conducting transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) on memory B cells to identify the direct gene targets of [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) that mediate their function. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular transcription factor, [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) presents a challenging direct target for conventional small molecule or antibody-based therapies. However, its high specificity for a key immune cell subset suggests it could be a valuable biomarker or potential therapeutic node for diseases involving memory B cells, such as certain autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis) or B-cell malignancies like memory B cell-derived lymphomas. If [ZNF860](/details-gene/344787) is found to be aberrantly overexpressed and a driver in such cancers, strategies aimed at inhibiting its expression (e.g., using antisense oligonucleotides) or targeting its crucial downstream effectors could represent a viable therapeutic approach.

Genular Protein ID: 2102423999

Symbol: ZN860_HUMAN

Name: Zinc finger protein 860

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A6NHJ4 B4DFA4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 1 GO 5 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 632
  • Mass: 73757
  • Checksum: 54F37E8AC0386171
  • Sequence:
    • MLREEAAQKR KEKEPGMALP QGHLTFRDVA IEFSLEEWKC LDPTQRALYR AMMLENYRNL 
HSVDISSKCM MKKFSSTAQG NTEVDTGTLE RHESHHIGDF CFQKIGKDIH DFEFQWQEDK 
RNSHEATMTQ IKKLTGSTDR YDRRHPGNKP IKDQLGLSFH SHLPELHIFQ TKGKVGNQVE 
KSINDASSVL TSQRISSRPK IHISNNYENN FFHSSLLTLK QEVHIREKSF QCNESGKAFN 
CSSLLRKHQI IYLGGKQYKC DVCGKVFNQK RYLACHHRCH TGEKPYKCNE CGKVFNQQSN 
LASHHRLHTG EKPYKCEECD KVFSRKSNLE RHRRIHTGEK PYKCKVCEKA FRRDSHLTQH 
TRIHTGEKPY KCNECGKAFS GQSTLIHHQA IHGIGKLYKC NDCHKVFSNA TTIANHWRIH 
NEERSYKCNK CGKFFRRRSY LVVHWRTHTG EKPYKCNECG KTFHHNSALV IHKAIHTGEK 
PYKCNECGKT FRHNSALVIH KAIHTGEKPY KCNECGKVFN QQATLARHHR LHTGEKPYKC 
EECDTVFSRK SHHETHKRIH TGEKPYKCDD FDEAFSQASS YAKQRRIHMG EKHHKCDDCG 
KAFTSHSHRI RHQRIHTGQK SYKCHKRGKV FS