Details for: TAS1R1

Gene ID: 80835

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TAS1R1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173662

Description: taste 1 receptor member 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 99.47

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) (Taste 1 Receptor Member 1) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1 that encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a well-established component of the heterodimeric umami taste receptor, which, in partnership with TAS1R3, is responsible for the sensory perception of umami taste by detecting L-glutamate and other L-amino acids ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072090199)). While canonically associated with taste bud cells on the tongue, expression data reveals a significant and specific role in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065) of the central nervous system, suggesting a non-canonical chemosensory function outside of gustation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) highlights a highly specialized function. **Overall**, the gene shows its most significant expression signature in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065) (CSI: 3.30). Ependymal cells are a type of glial cell that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, where they are critically involved in the production, circulation, and chemical sensing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The prominent expression of a 'taste' receptor in this cell type suggests that [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) may be co-opted for a chemosensory role within the central nervous system, potentially monitoring the concentration of amino acids like glutamate in the CSF. This finding expands the functional context of [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) beyond its classical role in the peripheral gustatory system. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) functions as a [G protein-coupled receptor activity](/details-ontology/GO:0004930) located on the [plasma membrane](/details-ontology/GO:0005886). It is a member of the [Class c/3 (metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-420499) family. Its primary annotated function is in the [sensory perception of umami taste](/details-ontology/GO:0050917), which is a key component of the broader [sensory perception of taste](/details-ontology/R-HSA-9717189) pathway. Upon binding L-glutamate, the TAS1R1/TAS1R3 receptor complex activates downstream signaling cascades, including [G alpha (i) signalling events](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-418594) and other [Gpcr downstream signalling](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-388396) pathways, to transduce the chemical signal into a neuronal response. The involvement in these pathways is consistent with a role as a molecular sensor. In the context of [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065), this same machinery could be repurposed to detect and respond to fluctuations in CSF glutamate levels, a key neurotransmitter whose concentration is tightly regulated in the brain. ## Research Directions The unexpected high significance of [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065) opens up novel avenues for investigation into CNS chemosensation and homeostasis. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. **CSF Chemosensing:** [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) functions as a glutamate sensor in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065), where its activation by elevated CSF glutamate levels triggers downstream signaling that modulates ependymal ciliary beat frequency or ion transport to maintain CSF homeostasis. 2. **Neurodevelopment and Gliogenesis:** During brain development, [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) in ventricular-zone progenitor cells, including precursors to [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065), may respond to extracellular amino acid gradients, thereby influencing cell fate decisions or migration. ### Experimental Approach: To test the hypothesis that [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) acts as a functional glutamate sensor in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065), one could utilize an *in vitro* model of primary ependymal cell culture or an *ex vivo* brain slice preparation. Applying L-glutamate to these cells while performing live-cell calcium imaging would determine if it elicits an intracellular calcium response, a hallmark of GPCR activation. This effect should be dose-dependent and specific. To confirm the role of [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835), the experiment could be repeated after specific knockdown of the gene using shRNA or knockout via CRISPR-Cas9, which would be expected to ablate or significantly reduce the glutamate-induced calcium signal. ### Therapeutic Potential: Given its potential role in monitoring CSF glutamate, [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) could represent a novel therapeutic target for conditions associated with glutamate dysregulation in the CNS, such as epilepsy, ischemic stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Modulating [TAS1R1](/details-gene/80835) activity in [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065) with small molecule agonists or antagonists could offer a new strategy to influence CSF composition and flow dynamics. However, as it is a critical taste receptor, systemic delivery of such drugs would likely have significant side effects on taste perception, suggesting that targeted delivery methods to the CNS would be required for any viable therapeutic strategy.

Genular Protein ID: 2851660667

Symbol: TS1R1_HUMAN

Name: Taste receptor type 1 member 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q7RTX1 B2RMX0 Q5SY22 Q5SY24 Q8NGZ7 Q8TDJ7 Q8TDJ8 Q8TDJ9 Q8TDK0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11891061

Title: Identification of six novel genes by experimental validation of GeneMachine predicted genes.

PubMed ID: 11891061

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00897-6

PubMed ID: 11917125

Title: Human receptors for sweet and umami taste.

PubMed ID: 11917125

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.072090199

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 841
  • Mass: 93074
  • Checksum: E800772B267D0216
  • Sequence:
    • MLLCTARLVG LQLLISCCWA FACHSTESSP DFTLPGDYLL AGLFPLHSGC LQVRHRPEVT 
LCDRSCSFNE HGYHLFQAMR LGVEEINNST ALLPNITLGY QLYDVCSDSA NVYATLRVLS 
LPGQHHIELQ GDLLHYSPTV LAVIGPDSTN RAATTAALLS PFLVPMISYA ASSETLSVKR 
QYPSFLRTIP NDKYQVETMV LLLQKFGWTW ISLVGSSDDY GQLGVQALEN QATGQGICIA 
FKDIMPFSAQ VGDERMQCLM RHLAQAGATV VVVFSSRQLA RVFFESVVLT NLTGKVWVAS 
EAWALSRHIT GVPGIQRIGM VLGVAIQKRA VPGLKAFEEA YARADKKAPR PCHKGSWCSS 
NQLCRECQAF MAHTMPKLKA FSMSSAYNAY RAVYAVAHGL HQLLGCASGA CSRGRVYPWQ 
LLEQIHKVHF LLHKDTVAFN DNRDPLSSYN IIAWDWNGPK WTFTVLGSST WSPVQLNINE 
TKIQWHGKDN QVPKSVCSSD CLEGHQRVVT GFHHCCFECV PCGAGTFLNK SDLYRCQPCG 
KEEWAPEGSQ TCFPRTVVFL ALREHTSWVL LAANTLLLLL LLGTAGLFAW HLDTPVVRSA 
GGRLCFLMLG SLAAGSGSLY GFFGEPTRPA CLLRQALFAL GFTIFLSCLT VRSFQLIIIF 
KFSTKVPTFY HAWVQNHGAG LFVMISSAAQ LLICLTWLVV WTPLPAREYQ RFPHLVMLEC 
TETNSLGFIL AFLYNGLLSI SAFACSYLGK DLPENYNEAK CVTFSLLFNF VSWIAFFTTA 
SVYDGKYLPA ANMMAGLSSL SSGFGGYFLP KCYVILCRPD LNSTEHFQAS IQDYTRRCGS 
T

Genular Protein ID: 1824986770

Symbol: A8K7J9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A8K7J9

Database IDs:

ARBA 11 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 3 Gene3D 2 InterPro 8 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 5 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 RefSeq 1 SAM 2 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 587
  • Mass: 65074
  • Checksum: A3552E0671AA55D3
  • Sequence:
    • MLLCTARLVG LQLLISCCWA FACHSTESSP DFTLPGDYLL AGLFPLHSGC LQVRHRPEVT 
LCDRSCSFNE HGYHLFQAMR LGVEEINNST ALLPNITLGY QLYDVCSDSA NVYATLRVLS 
LPGQHHIELQ GDLLHYSPTV LAVIGPDSTN RAATTAALLS PFLVPMLLEQ IHKVHFLLHK 
DTVAFNDNRD PLSSYNIIAW DWNGPKWTFT VLGSSTWSPV QLNINETKIQ WHGKDNQVPK 
SACSSDCLEG HQRVVTGFHH CCFECVPCGA GTFLNKSDLY RCQPCGKEEW APEGSQTCFP 
RTVVFLALRE HTSWVLLAAN TLLLLLLLGT AGLFAWHLDT PAVRSAGGRL CFLMLGSLAA 
GSGSLYGFFG EPTRPACLLR QALFALGFTI FLSCLTVRSF QLIIIFKFST KVPTFYHAWV 
QNHGAGLFVM ISSAAQLLIC LTWLVVWTPL PAREYQRFPH LVMLECTETN SLGFILAFLY 
NGLLSISAFA CSYLGKDLPE NYNEAKCVTF SLLFNFVSWI AFFTTASVYD GKYLPAANMM 
AGLSSLSSGF GGYFLPKCYV ILCRPDLNST EHFQASIQDY TRRCGST