Details for: THNSL1

Gene ID: 79896

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: THNSL1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185875

Description: threonine synthase like 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 5.62
    rCSI 24.71%
    PRS 97.3
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 4.26%
    PRS 99.09
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 6.43%
    PRS 97.78
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 93.39

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) (Threonine Synthase Like 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10p12.1. While its precise molecular function remains to be fully elucidated, its name suggests a potential, though likely diverged, role related to amino acid metabolism. Gene expression data indicates that [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) is a highly significant marker in the central nervous system, with its most prominent expression observed in [neural progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0011020). Functional annotations place the resulting protein in the [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005737) and [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739), and proteomic studies have identified it as a target of post-translational modifications, including acetylation and phosphorylation, suggesting its activity is dynamically regulated [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175371), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) strongly points towards a specialized role in neural and progenitor cell populations. **Overall**, the gene's significance is highest in [neural progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0011020) (CSI: 5.62), suggesting it may be a key factor in establishing or maintaining the identity of these undifferentiated cells. Its high significance extends to more specialized neural cells, including [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneurons](/details-cell/CL4023018) (CSI: 3.42) and [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065) (CSI: 3.17), which line the ventricular system of the brain. This pattern indicates a sustained role for [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) in both the developing and mature central nervous system. Interestingly, [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) also shows moderate significance in [basal cells of the epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 1.83). Like neural progenitors, these are highly proliferative stem cells responsible for tissue maintenance, suggesting a potential common function for [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) in progenitor or stem cell biology across different tissue types. The existence of the THNSL1 protein has been confirmed in large-scale cDNA and proteomic screens, which also show it is subject to regulation by acetylation and phosphorylation, modifications known to control protein function, localization, and complex formation [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175371). ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotation for [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) is currently broad, assigning it to the general categories of [biological process](/details-cell/GO:0008150) and [molecular function](/details-cell/GO:0003674). However, its cellular localization is more defined, with evidence for its presence in both the [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005737) and the [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739). The gene's name, *threonine synthase like 1*, is suggestive of an enzymatic role in amino acid metabolism. Threonine synthase is an enzyme found in bacteria, fungi, and plants, but the canonical pathway is absent in mammals. The "like" designation implies that [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) may be an evolutionary paralog that has either lost its ancestral enzymatic activity or acquired a novel function. Its mitochondrial localization is consistent with a role in metabolism, as mitochondria are central hubs for metabolic processes, including amino acid catabolism. The protein's regulation by phosphorylation and acetylation further supports a role in dynamic cellular processes that are responsive to the metabolic state of the cell [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014). ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern of [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) in progenitor populations, combined with its suggestive name and mitochondrial localization, opens up several avenues for future investigation. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high significance in [neural progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0011020), [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) may function as a key regulator of neural stem cell maintenance, and its downregulation could be a prerequisite for terminal differentiation into mature neurons or glia. 2. The mitochondrial localization of [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) suggests it may play a novel metabolic role tailored to the high biosynthetic and energetic demands of proliferative progenitor cells, possibly by participating in a non-canonical amino acid sensing or metabolic pathway. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) is critical for maintaining the neural progenitor state (Hypothesis 1), a loss-of-function study could be performed. CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to knock out [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line capable of directed differentiation into neural progenitors. The resulting knockout and wild-type progenitor cells could then be compared for their self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. Key assays would include proliferation analysis (e.g., EdU incorporation), quantitative PCR for lineage-specific markers (e.g., SOX2 for progenitors, MAP2 for neurons, S100B for astrocytes), and single-cell RNA sequencing to resolve any shifts in differentiation trajectories or cell fate decisions. **Therapeutic Potential:** The high expression of [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) in progenitor cells raises the possibility of its involvement in diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, such as certain cancers. For instance, if [THNSL1](/details-gene/79896) is essential for the survival or proliferation of cancer stem cells in brain tumors like glioblastoma, it could represent a novel therapeutic target. A strategy based on **inhibition** of THNSL1 function, perhaps using small molecules or targeted protein degraders, might selectively induce differentiation or apoptosis in the cancer stem cell population, thereby reducing tumor recurrence. However, its expression in healthy progenitor populations, such as those in the epidermis, indicates that systemic inhibition could carry a significant risk of toxicity and off-target effects on tissue homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 3281480614

Symbol: THNS1_HUMAN

Name: Threonine synthase-like 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8IYQ7 B3KWL1 D3DRV3 Q5VV21

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 2 GO 1 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 743
  • Mass: 83070
  • Checksum: 0C166A57EF34A682
  • Sequence:
    • MLHFNRCHHL KKITQKCFSS IHVKTDKHAQ RFLSRTFALA ELRKSWYSTH SLVGDKNIIL 
MGPPGAGKTT VGRIIGQKLG CCVIDVDDDI LEKTWNMSVS EKLQDVGNEQ FLEEEGKAVL 
NFSASGSVIS LTGSNPMHDA SMWHLKKNGI IVYLDVPLLD LICRLKLMKT DRIVGQNSGT 
SMKDLLKFRR QYYKKWYDAR VFCESGASPE EVADKVLNAI KRYQDVDSET FISTRHVWPE 
DCEQKVSAKF FSEAVIEGLA SDGGLFVPAK EFPKLSCGEW KSLVGATYVE RAQILLERCI 
HPADIPAARL GEMIETAYGE NFACSKIAPV RHLSGNQFIL ELFHGPTGSF KDLSLQLMPH 
IFAHCIPPSC NYMILVATSG DTGSAVLNGF SRLNKNDKQR IAVVAFFPEN GVSDFQKAQI 
IGSQRENGWA VGVESDFDFC QTAIKRIFND SDFTGFLTVE YGTILSSANS INWGRLLPQV 
VYHASAYLDL VSQGFISFGS PVDVCIPTGN FGNILAAVYA KMMGIPIRKF ICASNQNHVL 
TDFIKTGHYD LRERKLAQTF SPSIDILKSS NLERHLHLMA NKDGQLMTEL FNRLESQHHF 
QIEKALVEKL QQDFVADWCS EGECLAAINS TYNTSGYILD PHTAVAKVVA DRVQDKTCPV 
IISSTAHYSK FAPAIMQALK IKEINETSSS QLYLLGSYNA LPPLHEALLE RTKQQEKMEY 
QVCAADMNVL KSHVEQLVQN QFI

Genular Protein ID: 3493183278

Symbol: Q9H6P9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9H6P9

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 6 GO 1 Gene3D 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 222
  • Mass: 25235
  • Checksum: 1EEDE2D888AFD698
  • Sequence:
    • MMGIPIRKFI CASNQNHVLT DFIKTGHYDL RERKLAQTFS PSIDILKSSN LERHLHLMAN 
KDGQLMTELF NRLESQHHFQ IEKALVEKLQ QDFVADWCSE GECLAAINST YNTSGYILDP 
HTAVAKVVAD RVQDKTCPVI ISSTAHYSKF APAIMQALKI KEINETSSSQ LYLLGSYNAL 
PPLHEALLER TKQQEKMEYQ VCAADMNVLK SHVEQLVQNQ FI