Details for: PIMREG

Gene ID: 54478

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PIMREG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129195

Description: PICALM interacting mitotic regulator

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 6.01
    rCSI 4.98%
    PRS 99.45
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.84
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 98.94
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 3.68
    rCSI 4.42%
    PRS 99.59
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 9.89%
    PRS 98.94
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 4.39%
    PRS 99.41
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 3.43%
    PRS 97.97
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 99.58
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 97.89

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) (PICALM Interacting Mitotic Regulator), also known as CATS or FAM64A, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17p13.2. Functionally, [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) is implicated in the regulation of cell division and mitosis. Its expression pattern is characterized by high significance in highly proliferative and developmental cell populations, including B-cell progenitors and various embryonic precursor cells. This suggests a fundamental role in controlling the cell cycle, particularly during development and hematopoiesis. Research has identified it as a substrate for several kinases and its expression level is considered a marker for cellular proliferation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2008.08.001)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) strongly points to a specialized role in cell proliferation and development. The gene shows the highest significance in progenitor cell types, indicating it is a key component of the machinery governing cell cycle progression in these populations. The most significant expression is observed in hematopoietic precursors, specifically [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) (CSI: 6.01) and [large pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000957) (CSI: 3.46), suggesting a critical function during B-lymphocyte development. Beyond hematopoiesis, [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) is also a significant marker in several developmental and precursor cell types from other lineages. These include [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) (CSI: 3.84), [mesodermal cell](/details-cell/CL0000222) (CSI: 3.68), and [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338) (CSI: 2.97). This widespread significance across different proliferating precursor populations, including [promonocyte](/details-cell/CL0000559) and [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030), reinforces its general role as a regulator of mitosis rather than a marker of a specific cell lineage. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) are highly consistent with its expression profile in rapidly dividing cells. Its primary annotated biological process is **cell division** ([GO:0051301](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051301)). This role is supported by multiple phosphoproteomic studies demonstrating its phosphorylation during mitosis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805139105), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000475)). Research also suggests it is a substrate of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), which controls the metaphase-to-anaphase transition ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709227105)). At the molecular level, [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) is involved in **protein binding** ([GO:0005515](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515)). Its name reflects its identification as an interactor of PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol Binding Clathrin Assembly Protein), a protein implicated in the leukemogenic CALM/AF10 fusion protein ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209438)). Its cellular localization in the **nucleolus** ([GO:0005730](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005730)) and **nucleoplasm** ([GO:0005654](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005654)) places it at the site of key cell cycle regulatory events. ## Research Directions Given that [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) is a mitotic regulator and a known proliferation marker, its role in oncogenesis is a primary area for future investigation. Its high expression in progenitor cells, which share characteristics with cancer cells, makes it a compelling candidate for study in diseases of uncontrolled cell division. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Dysregulation of [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) expression or function in hematopoietic progenitors contributes to the development or progression of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), potentially by disrupting the metaphase-anaphase checkpoint. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) is essential for the proper self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells, and its loss of function during development could lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. To test the first hypothesis, a key experiment could involve the targeted depletion of [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) in B-ALL cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9. The subsequent effects on cell proliferation could be quantified using cell counting or BrdU incorporation assays. Cell cycle progression would be monitored via flow cytometry analysis of DNA content, which would reveal any arrests at specific mitotic phases. Furthermore, its interaction with the CALM/AF10 fusion protein could be explored using co-immunoprecipitation to determine if [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) plays a direct role in the molecular pathology of this specific leukemia subtype. From a therapeutic standpoint, [PIMREG](/details-gene/54478) presents potential as a target for anti-cancer therapies. As a protein whose expression is strongly correlated with proliferation, its **inhibition** could selectively target rapidly dividing cancer cells. Because it is an intracellular protein located in the nucleus, it is not amenable to antibody-based therapies. Instead, it would be a candidate for the development of small molecule inhibitors designed to disrupt its essential protein-protein interactions or to block its phosphorylation by upstream kinases, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest in malignant cells.

Genular Protein ID: 2597294209

Symbol: PIMRE_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9BSJ6 Q96CT4 Q9NVV1 Q9NWB5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16491119

Title: The novel CALM interactor CATS influences the subcellular localization of the leukemogenic fusion protein CALM/AF10.

PubMed ID: 16491119

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209438

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 19383357

Title: The CALM and CALM/AF10 interactor CATS is a marker for proliferation.

PubMed ID: 19383357

DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2008.08.001

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 18757745

Title: RCS1, a substrate of APC/C, controls the metaphase to anaphase transition.

PubMed ID: 18757745

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709227105

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23419774

Title: The CATS (FAM64A) protein is a substrate of the kinase interacting stathmin (KIS).

PubMed ID: 23419774

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.004

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 248
  • Mass: 27480
  • Checksum: E981F1AF64375D5A
  • Sequence:
    • MASRWQNMGT SVRRRSLQHQ EQLEDSKELQ PVVSHQETSV GALGSLCRQF QRRLPLRAVN 
LNLRAGPSWK RLETPEPGQQ GLQAAARSAK SALGAVSQRI QESCQSGTKW LVETQVKARR 
RKRGAQKGSG SPTHSLSQKS TRLSGAAPAH SAADPWEKEH HRLSVRMGSH AHPLRRSRRE 
AAFRSPYSST EPLCSPSESD SDLEPVGAGI QHLQKLSQEL DEAIMAEERK QALSDRQGFI 
LKDVYASP

Genular Protein ID: 3560862732

Symbol: A0A0S2Z5C7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A0A0S2Z5C7

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 2 InterPro 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMR 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 26871637

Title: Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing.

PubMed ID: 26871637

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.029

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 238
  • Mass: 26242
  • Checksum: 161ECFDBE748D36B
  • Sequence:
    • MASRWQNMGT SVRRRSLQHQ EQLEDSKELQ PVVSHQETSV GALGSLCRQF QRRLPLRAVN 
LNLRAGPSWK RLETPEPGQQ GLQAAARSAK SALGAVSQRI QESCQSGTKW LVETQVKARR 
RKRGAQKGSG SPTHSLSQKS TRLSGAAPAH SAADPWEKEH HRLSVRMGSH AHPLRRSRRE 
AAFRSPYSST EPLCSPSESD SDLEPVGAGI QHLQKLSQEL DEAIMAEESG DIVSLIHD