Details for: CYSLTR2

Gene ID: 57105

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CYSLTR2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152207

Description: cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 4.57
    rCSI 5.52%
    PRS 98.95
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 5.09%
    PRS 96.07
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 98.91
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 4.84%
    PRS 97.42
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 8.33%
    PRS 95.96
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 4.57%
    PRS 99.54

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) (Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 13q14.2. It encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that functions as a high-affinity receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes, particularly leukotriene C4 (LTC4). As a key component of the [leukotriene signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:0061737), [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) plays a significant role in mediating inflammatory and [immune responses](/details-go/GO:0006955). Its expression profile indicates a specialized function within the myeloid lineage of the immune system, with particularly high significance in [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0002399) and subsets of monocytes, as well as in specific non-immune cell types like [vascular leptomeningeal cells](/details-cell/CL4023051). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) highlights its critical role in specific immune and endothelial cell populations. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in professional antigen-presenting cells, including [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0002399) (CSI: 4.57), and in inflammatory monocytes, such as [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002396) (CSI: 2.73) and [colon macrophages](/details-cell/CL0009038) (CSI: 0.99). This strongly suggests its involvement in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses through the action of leukotrienes. Beyond the immune system, [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) is also a significant marker in several specialized cell types, indicating broader physiological functions. Its high expression in [vascular leptomeningeal cells](/details-cell/CL4023051) (CSI: 2.90), [endocardial cells](/details-cell/CL0002350) (CSI: 1.74), and [renal principal cells](/details-cell/CL0005009) (CSI: 1.86) points towards a potential role in vasoregulation, cardiovascular homeostasis, and renal function, likely mediating local inflammatory or physiological responses to cysteinyl leukotrienes in these tissues. Research has shown that its expression in human endothelial cells can be induced by IFN-gamma, further underscoring its role in inflammatory contexts [Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17404310/). ## Pathways and Molecular Function [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) functions primarily as a [cysteinyl leukotriene receptor](/details-go/GO:0001631) located on the [plasma membrane](/details-go/GO:0005886). As a member of the rhodopsin-like GPCR superfamily ([R-HSA-373076](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-373076)), it transduces extracellular signals by binding to cysteinyl leukotrienes, which are potent lipid mediators of inflammation. Upon ligand binding, [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) activates downstream signaling cascades, prominently through [G alpha (q) signalling events](/details-pathway/R-HSA-416476), leading to increases in intracellular calcium and subsequent cellular responses. The gene's functional annotations are highly consistent with its expression in myeloid cells. Its participation in the [leukotriene signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:0061737) and broader [immune response](/details-go/GO:0006955) pathways underpins its role in mediating inflammation. Interestingly, Reactome analysis highlights its involvement in pathways related to infectious diseases, such as [Leishmania infection](/details-pathway/R-HSA-9658195) and the [anti-inflammatory response favouring leishmania parasite infection](/details-pathway/R-HSA-9662851), suggesting that pathogens may co-opt this pathway to modulate host immunity. ## Research Directions The specific expression profile and functional annotation of [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) present several avenues for future investigation, particularly regarding its precise roles in dendritic cell biology and neuroinflammation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its top-ranking significance in [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0002399), signaling through [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) is hypothesized to be a critical regulator of their maturation and antigen-presenting capacity, potentially skewing T-cell polarization towards a specific effector phenotype (e.g., Th2) in response to allergic or parasitic stimuli. 2. The high expression of [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) in [vascular leptomeningeal cells](/details-cell/CL4023051) suggests that it plays a key role in mediating neuroinflammatory processes at the blood-brain barrier. It may regulate endothelial permeability and leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system in conditions like multiple sclerosis or meningitis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) in dendritic cell function, one could perform an *in vitro* study using primary human CD1c+ mDCs. These cells could be treated with a selective [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) antagonist prior to stimulation with its ligand, LTC4, and a Toll-like receptor agonist (e.g., LPS). The functional consequences could be assessed by measuring the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40) via flow cytometry and profiling cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-12, IL-10, IL-4) using a multiplex immunoassay. A subsequent co-culture with naive CD4+ T cells would reveal the impact on T cell differentiation and proliferation. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a G protein-coupled receptor, [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) is a highly druggable target. Its central role in mediating pro-inflammatory leukotriene signals makes it a compelling candidate for therapeutic **inhibition**. While antagonists for the related CysLT1 receptor are widely used in asthma treatment, the development of selective [CYSLTR2](/details-gene/57105) antagonists could offer a more targeted approach for other inflammatory conditions. Based on its expression profile, such a drug could be beneficial in diseases driven by dendritic cell or monocyte activity, including certain autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular inflammation, or neuroinflammatory conditions.

Genular Protein ID: 3435426550

Symbol: CLTR2_HUMAN

Name: Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NS75 Q9HCQ2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 8 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 8 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10913337

Title: The molecular characterization and tissue distribution of the human cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT2 receptor.

PubMed ID: 10913337

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3140

PubMed ID: 10851239

Title: Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor.

PubMed ID: 10851239

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003490200

PubMed ID: 11093801

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a second human cysteinyl leukotriene receptor: discovery of a subtype selective agonist.

PubMed ID: 11093801

DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.6.1601

PubMed ID: 12044878

Title: Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence.

PubMed ID: 12044878

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02775-8

PubMed ID: 15057823

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13.

PubMed ID: 15057823

DOI: 10.1038/nature02379

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 346
  • Mass: 39635
  • Checksum: EB54A4A2DDCE5EE4
  • Sequence:
    • MERKFMSLQP SISVSEMEPN GTFSNNNSRN CTIENFKREF FPIVYLIIFF WGVLGNGLSI 
YVFLQPYKKS TSVNVFMLNL AISDLLFIST LPFRADYYLR GSNWIFGDLA CRIMSYSLYV 
NMYSSIYFLT VLSVVRFLAM VHPFRLLHVT SIRSAWILCG IIWILIMASS IMLLDSGSEQ 
NGSVTSCLEL NLYKIAKLQT MNYIALVVGC LLPFFTLSIC YLLIIRVLLK VEVPESGLRV 
SHRKALTTII ITLIIFFLCF LPYHTLRTVH LTTWKVGLCK DRLHKALVIT LALAAANACF 
NPLLYYFAGE NFKDRLKSAL RKGHPQKAKT KCVFPVSVWL RKETRV

Genular Protein ID: 213302074

Symbol: A4ZKH2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A4ZKH2 A0A087WYR9 A0A0K0K1D3

Database IDs:

BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 16 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 RefSeq 7 UCSC 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 17404310

Title: IFN-gamma induces cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 expression and enhances the responsiveness of human endothelial cells to cysteinyl leukotrienes.

PubMed ID: 17404310

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 15
  • Mass: 1740
  • Checksum: 5F22BA36A56838EE
  • Sequence:
    • MERKFMSLQP SISVS