Details for: CEMP1

Gene ID: 752014

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CEMP1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205923

Description: cementum protein 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 26.84
    rCSI 47.57%
    PRS 4.97
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 24.25
    rCSI 20.24%
    PRS 11.46
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 14.53
    rCSI 23.72%
    PRS 2.72
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.14
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 3.22
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 5.39
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 1.08
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 2.41
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI -22.35
    rCSI -46.14%
    PRS 5.83

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) (Cementum Protein 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16p13.3. It is primarily recognized for its role in biomineralization, particularly during tooth development ([Odontogenesis](/details-go/GO:0042476)) [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.09.009). Functional annotations indicate its involvement in [Biomineral tissue development](/details-go/GO:0031214) and [Cell differentiation](/details-go/GO:0030154), consistent with its ability to bind hydroxyapatite and promote a cementoblastic phenotype [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.072). While classically associated with dental tissues, expression data from a broad range of cell types reveal its most significant expression is in epithelial cells, specifically [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) and [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013). Intriguingly, it also shows high significance in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990), suggesting a potential, less-characterized role in the interface between tissue structure and immunity. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) highlights its primary role in specialized epithelial and mesenchymal-derived cells, with a notable presence in a key immune cell type. The highest significance scores for [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) are observed in cells of the skin, including [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 26.84) and [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013) (CSI: 14.53). This suggests a significant function in epidermal homeostasis, differentiation, or barrier function, extending its role beyond dental tissue development. The strong expression in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 24.25) is unexpected and points towards a potential role in antigen presentation, immune surveillance within epithelial tissues, or cell-mediated tissue remodeling. Its significance in [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138) (CSI: 2.14) is consistent with its established function in mineralized tissue formation. Conversely, [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) shows very low significance in [innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001065) (CSI: -22.35), indicating its functions are likely specialized and not broadly applicable across all immune lineages. This specificity underscores its potential role at the junction of structural biology and select immune processes. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) are centered on tissue development and differentiation. Its involvement in the biological processes of [Biomineral tissue development](/details-go/GO:0031214) and [Odontogenesis](/details-go/GO:0042476) is well-supported by studies demonstrating its ability to induce differentiation of periodontal ligament cells into a cementoblastic phenotype [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22770). This process is driven by its molecular function of [Hydroxyapatite binding](/details-go/GO:0046848), which is critical for its role in mineralization [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.072). Furthermore, [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) is annotated for roles in [Cell differentiation](/details-go/GO:0030154) and [Cell population proliferation](/details-go/GO:0008283). Experimental evidence shows it can induce the expression of bone and cementum-related proteins in human gingival fibroblasts and promote their transformation [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.204), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127286). Its expression can be promoted by hypoxia in dental stem cells, further linking it to regenerative and developmental signaling pathways [Link](https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0132). Cellular component annotations place the protein in the [Cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), [Nucleoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005654), and [Nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634), suggesting it may have intracellular signaling or transcriptional regulatory functions in addition to its extracellular structural role. ## Research Directions The most compelling area for future research lies in deconvoluting the unexpected roles of [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) outside of dental tissue, particularly in the skin and the immune system. The high significance score in [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990) is especially notable and warrants further investigation. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. Given its high expression in [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990) and its established role in tissue mineralization, [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) may modulate dendritic cell function during chronic inflammation or wound healing, potentially contributing to pathological calcification or tissue fibrosis in the skin. 2. The high significance of [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) in [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) suggests it is a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation and stratification. Its dysregulation could contribute to skin barrier defects or hyperproliferative skin disorders. A key experiment to test the first hypothesis would be to investigate the functional consequences of [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) expression in dendritic cells. This could be achieved by using siRNA to silence [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The impact on key dendritic cell functions, such as antigen uptake, maturation (upregulation of CD80, CD86, and MHC-II), and cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-12, IL-10) in response to stimuli like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), could be quantified using flow cytometry and ELISA. **Therapeutic Potential:** [CEMP1](/details-gene/752014) represents a promising candidate for **activation** or supplementation in regenerative medicine. Its demonstrated ability to induce cementoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation makes recombinant human CEMP1 a potential therapeutic agent for promoting periodontal ligament regeneration, dental implant osseointegration, and bone fracture healing. The strategy would involve local delivery of the protein to the target site to stimulate tissue repair. However, its high expression in skin and immune cells suggests that systemic administration could have unintended off-target effects, making localized application the most viable therapeutic approach.

Genular Protein ID: 4021912456

Symbol: CEMP1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q6PRD7 B2RUY1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 8 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16263347

Title: Molecular cloning, expression and immunolocalization of a novel human cementum-derived protein (CP-23).

PubMed ID: 16263347

DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.09.009

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17509525

Title: Human cementum protein 1 induces expression of bone and cementum proteins by human gingival fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 17509525

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.204

PubMed ID: 19393626

Title: Characterization of recombinant human cementum protein 1 (hrCEMP1): primary role in biomineralization.

PubMed ID: 19393626

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.072

PubMed ID: 21929512

Title: Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) induces differentiation by human periodontal ligament cells under three-dimensional culture conditions.

PubMed ID: 21929512

DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110168

PubMed ID: 21465469

Title: Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) induces a cementoblastic phenotype and reduces osteoblastic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells.

PubMed ID: 21465469

DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22770

PubMed ID: 24117017

Title: Hypoxia promotes CEMP1 expression and induces cementoblastic differentiation of human dental stem cells in an HIF-1-dependent manner.

PubMed ID: 24117017

DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0132

PubMed ID: 26011628

Title: CEMP1 induces transformation in human gingival fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 26011628

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127286

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 247
  • Mass: 25959
  • Checksum: 81FEEA1D26E47022
  • Sequence:
    • MGTSSTDSQQ AGHRRCSTSN TSAENLTCLS LPGSPGKTAP LPGPAQAGAG QPLPKGCAAV 
KAEVGIPAPH TSQEVRIHIR RLLSWAAPGA CGLRSTPCAL PQALPQARPC PGRWFFPGCS 
LPTGGAQTIL SLWTWRHFLN WALQQREENS GRARRVPPVP RTAPVSKGEG SHPPQNSNGE 
KVKTITPDVG LHQSLTSDPT VAVLRAKRAP EAHPPRSCSG SLTARVCHMG VCQGQGDTED 
GRMTLMG