Details for: ABHD15

Gene ID: 116236

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ABHD15

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168792

Description: abhydrolase domain containing 15

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 4.45
    rCSI 4.28%
    PRS 98.99
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 4.32
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 98.92
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 99.27
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 3.14%
    PRS 98.84
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.31
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 98.09
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 98.6
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 99.27
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 96.63
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.59
    rCSI 4.54%
    PRS 97.28
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.09%
    PRS 97.61
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 1.18
    rCSI 1.61%
    PRS 81.26

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) (abhydrolase domain containing 15) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17q11.2. Functionally, it is annotated as a hydrolase with monoacylglycerol lipase activity, playing a role in cellular lipid metabolic processes and adipose tissue development. **Overall**, expression data indicates that [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) is a significant gene in specific hematopoietic lineages, particularly in developing B-lymphocytes such as [small pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000954) and [precursor B cell](/details-cell/CL0000817), as well as in professional antigen-presenting cells like [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058) and [dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001056). Its high expression is also noted in metabolically active endocrine cells, including [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171), suggesting a dual role in both immunology and metabolic regulation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) highlights its importance in distinct cell populations within the hematopoietic and endocrine systems. **Overall**, its most significant expression is observed in cells of the B-lymphocyte lineage, including [small pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000954) (CSI: 4.45) and [precursor B cell](/details-cell/CL0000817) (CSI: 3.59), suggesting a functional role during B cell development. Concurrently, it shows high significance in key antigen-presenting cells, such as [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058) (CSI: 4.32) and [dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001056) (CSI: 4.10), as well as their progenitors ([common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029), CSI: 2.48). Beyond the immune system, [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) is also prominently expressed in several types of endocrine cells. This includes high significance in [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) (CSI: 3.31) and [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169) (CSI: 1.40), which are responsible for glucagon and insulin production, respectively. Its expression in [enteroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000164) (CSI: 1.91) further supports a role in metabolic homeostasis and hormone regulation. This dual-expression pattern points toward a specialized function in cells that are both immunologically and metabolically active. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) are consistent with its observed expression pattern in metabolically demanding cells. Its primary molecular function is described as 'monoacylglycerol lipase activity' ([GO:0047372](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0047372)), which places it as a key enzyme in 'cellular lipid metabolic process' ([GO:0044255](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044255)) and 'lipid catabolic process' ([GO:0016042](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016042)). This enzymatic activity is critical for generating signaling molecules from lipids or for energy metabolism, processes vital for the function of both immune and endocrine cells. The gene's involvement in 'adipose tissue development' ([GO:0060612](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060612)) suggests a broader role in systemic lipid homeostasis. Located at the 'membrane' ([GO:0016020](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020)) and within the 'extracellular region' ([GO:0005576](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005576)), the ABHD15 protein may modulate the lipid composition of cellular membranes or act on extracellular substrates, influencing cell signaling and intercellular communication. This is supported by its initial identification as a potential secreted or transmembrane protein ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12975309/)). ## Research Directions The specific expression and function of [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) suggest several avenues for future research into its roles in immunity and metabolism. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in dendritic and developing B cells, [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) may regulate immune cell function by modulating the cellular lipidome. Its lipase activity could control the availability of specific lipid species that are essential for membrane fluidity, receptor signaling, or the formation of antigen-presentation complexes. 2. The significant expression of [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) in pancreatic islet cells ([pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) and [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169)) suggests it plays a role in hormone biogenesis or secretion. It may regulate the lipid composition of secretory granules, thereby influencing the packaging, transport, or release of insulin and glucagon in response to metabolic cues. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in dendritic cell function, a targeted approach could be employed. One could use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [ABHD15](/details-gene/116236) in primary human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, followed by *in vitro* differentiation into plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells. The functional consequences of the knockout could be assessed by stimulating these cells with appropriate ligands (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides for pDCs) and measuring key outputs, such as Type I interferon production via ELISA and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80/CD86) by flow cytometry. Parallel lipidomic analysis of knockout and wild-type cells would identify the specific lipid substrates and pathways regulated by ABHD15. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an enzyme with specific lipase activity, ABHD15 represents a potentially druggable target. Its restricted expression profile suggests that a targeted therapeutic could have a focused effect. For autoimmune diseases where [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058) are implicated, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, selective **inhibition** of ABHD15 could be a strategy to dampen pathological inflammatory responses. Conversely, in the context of metabolic diseases, understanding its precise role in pancreatic hormone secretion could reveal whether **activation** or **inhibition** might be beneficial for restoring glucose homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 3387028073

Symbol: ABH15_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q6UXT9 Q96EC5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 ESTHER 1 Ensembl 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 468
  • Mass: 51771
  • Checksum: A910F5F4294B0CC3
  • Sequence:
    • MPPWGAALAL ILAVLALLGL LGPRLRGPWG RAVGERTLPG AQDRDDGEEA DGGGPADQFS 
DGREPLPGGC SLVCKPSALA QCLLRALRRS EALEAGPRSW FSGPHLQTLC HFVLPVAPGP 
ELAREYLQLA DDGLVALDWV VGPCVRGRRI TSAGGLPAVL LVIPNAWGRL TRNVLGLCLL 
ALERGYYPVI FHRRGHHGCP LVSPRLQPFG DPSDLKEAVT YIRFRHPAAP LFAVSEGSGS 
ALLLSYLGEC GSSSYVTGAA CISPVLRCRE WFEAGLPWPY ERGFLLHQKI ALSRYATALE 
DTVDTSRLFR SRSLREFEEA LFCHTKSFPI SWDTYWDRND PLRDVDEAAV PVLCICSADD 
PVCGPPDHTL TTELFHSNPY FFLLLSRHGG HCGFLRQEPL PAWSHEVILE SFRALTEFFR 
TEERIKGLSR HRASFLGGRR RGGALQRREV SSSSNLEEIF NWKRSYTR