Details for: SNTN

Gene ID: 132203

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: SNTN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188817

Description: sentan, cilia apical structure protein

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 31.92
    rCSI 28.07%
    PRS 99.14
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 15.91
    rCSI 18.4%
    PRS 99.46
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 12.02
    rCSI 19.48%
    PRS 99.14
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 11.72
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 99.42
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 9.63
    rCSI 21.95%
    PRS 99.22
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 6.17
    rCSI 14.64%
    PRS 98.88
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 5.68
    rCSI 6.59%
    PRS 99.43
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 4.88
    rCSI 5.23%
    PRS 99.77
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 4.79
    rCSI 5.83%
    PRS 99.73
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 3.51
    rCSI 11.85%
    PRS 99.08
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 99.83

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [SNTN](/details-gene/132203), or Sentan, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 3p14.2. It is characterized as a specific component of the apical structure of motile cilia. Functional annotations suggest a role in calcium-dependent processes, including calcium ion binding. Its expression profile indicates that [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) is a highly specific and abundant marker for ciliated epithelial cells, particularly those found in the respiratory tract, playing a crucial role in ciliary structure and likely function. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression pattern of [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) demonstrates a profound and highly specific association with ciliated cell lineages. The gene exhibits its highest significance in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 31.92), with similarly high scores in more specialized subtypes such as [lung ciliated cell](/details-cell/CL1000271), [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012), and [ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree](/details-cell/CL0002145). This robust expression signature strongly suggests that [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) is a key structural or functional component essential for the identity and operation of these cells. The gene's significance extends to cell types functionally and spatially related to the mucociliary epithelium. Its expression in [deuterosomal cell](/details-cell/CL4033044), a known precursor to multi-ciliated cells, implies a role during ciliogenesis. Furthermore, notable expression in [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480), [tracheal goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000329), and specialized respiratory epithelial cells like [pulmonary ionocyte](/details-cell/CL0017000) underscores its integral role within the broader respiratory epithelial ecosystem. The specific localization to the apical structure of motile cilia, as identified in research, further solidifies its role in a highly specialized subcellular compartment critical for mucociliary clearance [Link](https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0691). The highly restricted nature of its expression makes [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) an exceptional marker for identifying and studying ciliated cells. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The known molecular functions of [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) are consistent with its specific cellular localization and presumed role in ciliary dynamics. Gene Ontology annotations highlight its capacity for **Calcium ion binding** ([GO:0005509](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005509)) and **Calcium-dependent protein binding** ([GO:0048306](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048306)). The beating of motile cilia is a tightly regulated process that is highly dependent on intracellular calcium concentrations. The calcium-binding properties of [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) suggest it may function as a calcium sensor or a component of a calcium-sensitive regulatory complex that modulates ciliary beat frequency or waveform. Its primary cellular location is annotated as the **Cilium** ([GO:0005929](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005929)). This is strongly supported by proteomic and imaging studies that place Sentan at the apical "ciliary cap" structure of motile cilia [Link](https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0691). This precise localization suggests it may be involved in anchoring the ciliary axoneme to the plasma membrane or organizing other regulatory proteins at the ciliary tip, thereby playing a critical structural role in addition to its potential regulatory function. ## Research Directions The highly specific expression and calcium-binding function of [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) point toward critical, testable roles in ciliary biology and associated diseases (ciliopathies). **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its calcium-binding properties and apical localization, [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) functions as a key transducer of calcium signals to the ciliary beating machinery. We hypothesize that it regulates ciliary beat frequency in response to local Ca2+ influx at the ciliary tip, and its loss would lead to uncoordinated or unresponsive ciliary movement, contributing to impaired mucociliary clearance seen in some respiratory diseases. 2. [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) serves as a critical structural scaffold protein at the ciliary cap. We hypothesize that it is essential for the proper assembly or maintenance of the apical ciliary structure, and its absence would result in ultrastructural defects, leading to ciliary fragility or dysfunction. **Proposed Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) is a calcium-dependent regulator of ciliary beat, one could perform a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of the gene in primary human bronchial epithelial cells grown in an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture to induce differentiation into a mucociliary epithelium. High-speed video microscopy could then be used to measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and waveform in both wild-type and [SNTN](/details-gene/132203)-knockout cultures. Comparing CBF at baseline and after stimulation with a calcium ionophore (e.g., ionomycin) or ATP (which triggers calcium signaling) would reveal whether the calcium-dependent modulation of ciliary beating is impaired in the absence of [SNTN](/details-gene/132203). **Therapeutic Potential:** As a therapeutic target, [SNTN](/details-gene/132203) is most relevant in the context of monogenic primary ciliary dyskinesias (PCD) that could arise from its mutation. Direct inhibition or activation is unlikely to be a viable strategy due to its presumed structural role. However, its high cell-type specificity makes it an excellent candidate for gene-based therapies. A gene replacement strategy, for example using AAV-mediated delivery to the respiratory epithelium, could potentially restore function in patients with [SNTN](/details-gene/132203)-deficient ciliopathy with minimal risk of off-target effects in other tissues.

Genular Protein ID: 1616533803

Symbol: SNTAN_HUMAN

Name: Sentan

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A6NMZ2 B7FF65

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15289893

Title: Transcriptional gene expression profile of human nasopharynx.

PubMed ID: 15289893

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 18829862

Title: Sentan: a novel specific component of the apical structure of vertebrate motile cilia.

PubMed ID: 18829862

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0691

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 147
  • Mass: 16468
  • Checksum: F1813E10E7BA5D13
  • Sequence:
    • MGGCMHSTQD KSLHLEGDPN PSAAPTSTCA PRKMPKRISI SKQLASVKAL RKCSDLEKAI 
ATTALIFRNS SDSDGKLEKA IAKDLLQTQF RNFAEGQETK PKYREILSEL DEHTENKLDF 
EDFMILLLSI TVMSDLLQNI RNVKIMK