Details for: KAT14

Gene ID: 57325

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: KAT14

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149474

Description: lysine acetyltransferase 14

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.14
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 98.72
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 3.44%
    PRS 97.01
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 97.49
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.22%
    PRS 98.61
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 97.43
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 3.17%
    PRS 96.66
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 3.58%
    PRS 97.61
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 3.38%
    PRS 97.11

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [KAT14](/details-gene/57325), or Lysine Acetyltransferase 14, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 20p11.23. It functions primarily as a histone acetyltransferase, a key component of the ATAC (Ada-Two-A-Containing) complex ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01599-08)). Its enzymatic activity is central to epigenetic regulation through [chromatin remodeling](/details-go/GO0006338) and the modulation of gene expression ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175371)). **Overall**, expression data indicates that [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) has a pronounced role in the nervous system, showing high significance in developmental cell types such as [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) and in mature neuronal populations, including various GABAergic cortical interneurons. This expression pattern, combined with its fundamental role in regulating transcription and the cell cycle, suggests its importance in neurodevelopment and neuronal identity. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) highlights its specialized function within the central nervous system and in specific developmental contexts. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in cell types crucial for nervous system development and function. It is a top marker for [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) (CSI: 4.14), the multipotent precursors of the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, it is highly significant in several distinct subtypes of inhibitory neurons, including [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016) (CSI: 2.88), [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 2.55), and [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018) (CSI: 2.55). This suggests a critical role in establishing or maintaining the functional identity of these interneuron populations. High significance is also observed in [differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059) (CSI: 2.86), implicating [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) in glial cell development. Outside of the nervous system, its high significance in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) (CSI: 2.60) is consistent with its annotated role in [regulation of embryonic development](/details-go/GO0045995). The notable expression in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) (CSI: 2.25) suggests a potential involvement in the pathology of this brain tumor. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) is an epigenetic regulator with a well-defined molecular function. As its name implies, it possesses [histone acetyltransferase activity](/details-go/GO0004402), which is fundamental to the processes it governs. Functionally, [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) is a core component of several large protein complexes involved in epigenetic regulation. It is integral to the [ATAC complex](/details-go/GO0140672) and other [WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes](/details-reactome/R-HSA-9917777), which are key players in [chromatin organization](/details-reactome/R-HSA-4839726) and the acetylation of histones ([Hats acetylate histones](/details-reactome/R-HSA-3214847)). This activity directly impacts [gene expression (transcription)](/details-reactome/R-HSA-74160) by creating a more open chromatin state, generally leading to transcriptional activation, although it is also annotated in the [negative regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii](/details-go/GO0000122). The gene's involvement in the [regulation of cell cycle](/details-go/GO0051726) and [regulation of cell division](/details-go/GO0051302) is consistent with its localization to the [mitotic spindle](/details-go/GO0072686) and its role as a target of mitotic phosphorylation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805139105)). These functions align with its high expression in proliferative and developing cell populations. ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern and core enzymatic function of [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) suggest several avenues for future research, particularly regarding its role in neurodevelopment and cancer. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **Role in Neuronal Specification:** Given its high significance in distinct interneuron subtypes ([VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016), [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017), [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018)), we hypothesize that [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) is a master epigenetic regulator required for establishing the unique transcriptional programs that define the identity and function of these specific neuronal populations during corticogenesis. 2. **Contribution to Glioblastoma Pathogenesis:** The significant expression of [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) and its function in cell cycle regulation suggest a role in oncogenesis. We hypothesize that aberrant [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) activity promotes glioblastoma proliferation by maintaining a permissive chromatin state at key cell cycle and growth-promoting genes, thereby contributing to the uncontrolled cell division characteristic of this cancer. ### Key Experimental Approach To test the second hypothesis regarding its role in glioblastoma, a functional genomics approach could be employed. * **Experiment:** Utilize a CRISPR-inhibition (CRISPRi) or shRNA-mediated knockdown of [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) in established human glioblastoma cell lines. The effects on cellular phenotype would be assessed by measuring proliferation rates (e.g., via IncuCyte live-cell analysis) and cell cycle distribution (via flow cytometry). To probe the molecular mechanism, RNA-sequencing would be performed to identify differentially expressed genes post-knockdown, while ChIP-sequencing for histone marks like H3K27ac would reveal direct changes in the epigenetic landscape at gene regulatory elements. ### Therapeutic Potential As an enzyme, [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) presents a potentially druggable target. Its role in promoting cell cycle progression and its elevated expression in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) make it a candidate for targeted **inhibition** in oncology. The development of a specific small molecule inhibitor targeting the catalytic acetyltransferase domain of [KAT14](/details-gene/57325) could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. However, its high expression in various healthy neuronal populations raises potential concerns for neurotoxicity, necessitating a careful evaluation of the therapeutic window and the potential for targeted delivery systems to minimize off-target effects in the brain.

Genular Protein ID: 3072705653

Symbol: CSR2B_HUMAN

Name: Cysteine-rich protein 2-binding protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9H8E8 A2A2I5 Q96GW6 Q96IH3 Q9HBF0 Q9UIY5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 2 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 8 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10924333

Title: The cysteine- and glycine-rich LIM domain protein CRP2 specifically interacts with a novel human protein.

PubMed ID: 10924333

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3187

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19103755

Title: The double-histone-acetyltransferase complex ATAC is essential for mammalian development.

PubMed ID: 19103755

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01599-08

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 782
  • Mass: 88844
  • Checksum: E84FAEF06412EA77
  • Sequence:
    • MDSSIHLSSL ISRHDDEATR TSTSEGLEEG EVEGETLLIV ESEDQASVDL SHDQSGDSLN 
SDEGDVSWME EQLSYFCDKC QKWIPASQLR EQLSYLKGDN FFRFTCSDCS ADGKEQYERL 
KLTWQQVVML AMYNLSLEGS GRQGYFRWKE DICAFIEKHW TFLLGNRKKT STWWSTVAGC 
LSVGSPMYFR SGAQEFGEPG WWKLVHNKPP TMKPEGEKLS ASTLKIKAAS KPTLDPIITV 
EGLRKRASRN PVESAMELKE KRSRTQEAKD IRRAQKEAAG FLDRSTSSTP VKFISRGRRP 
DVILEKGEVI DFSSLSSSDR TPLTSPSPSP SLDFSAPGTP ASHSATPSLL SEADLIPDVM 
PPQALFHDDD EMEGDGVIDP GMEYVPPPAG SVASGPVVGV RKKVRGPEQI KQEVESEEEK 
PDRMDIDSED TDSNTSLQTR AREKRKPQLE KDTKPKEPRY TPVSIYEEKL LLKRLEACPG 
AVAMTPEARR LKRKLIVRQA KRDRGLPLFD LDQVVNAALL LVDGIYGAKE GGISRLPAGQ 
ATYRTTCQDF RILDRYQTSL PSRKGFRHQT TKFLYRLVGS EDMAVDQSIV SPYTSRILKP 
YIRRDYETKP PKLQLLSQIR SHLHRSDPHW TPEPDAPLDY CYVRPNHIPT INSMCQEFFW 
PGIDLSECLQ YPDFSVVVLY KKVIIAFGFM VPDVKYNEAY ISFLFVHPEW RRAGIATFMI 
YHLIQTCMGK DVTLHVSASN PAMLLYQKFG FKTEEYVLDF YDKYYPLEST ECKHAFFLRL 
RR