Details for: MAB21L4

Gene ID: 79919

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: MAB21L4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172478

Description: mab-21 like 4

Cell Significance Landscape

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.91
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 98.16
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 98.95
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 97.29
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 97.42
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 95.86
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 2
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 96.83
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.51%
    PRS 95.22
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 1.01
    rCSI 4.72%
    PRS 97.93
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 1
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 97.71
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 0.74
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 97.65
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 0.61
    rCSI 6.01%
    PRS 95.6

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) (mab-21 like 4) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2q37.3 in *Homo sapiens*. It belongs to the MAB21 family of proteins, which are generally implicated in cell fate determination during development. The function of [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) is not well characterized, but its discovery and annotation were part of large-scale cDNA sequencing efforts ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1285), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504)). Expression data from the **Overall** biological context reveals a highly specific profile, with significant expression predominantly in endocrine cell populations, particularly [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171)s, and various types of epithelial cells, including those of the skin and respiratory tract. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) suggests specialized roles in specific endocrine and epithelial tissues. **Overall**, its most significant expression is observed in [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171)s (CSI: 3.91), the glucagon-producing cells of the pancreas, pointing towards a potential involvement in islet cell identity or function. Beyond the pancreas, [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) demonstrates high significance in several epithelial cell types that form critical barrier tissues. These include [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632) (CSI: 3.39) and [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312)s (CSI: 2.67), suggesting a role in the maintenance or differentiation of these lineages. Its expression is also notable in more specialized cell types like [BEST4+ enteroycte](/details-cell/CL4030026)s and [lung ciliated cell](/details-cell/CL1000271)s. A consistent theme is its activity within various enteroendocrine cell populations, including [enteroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000164)s and [type EC enteroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000577)s, further reinforcing its association with hormonally active cells of the digestive system. The collective data portrays [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) as a marker gene for discrete cell populations with endocrine or specialized epithelial functions. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Specific pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) are not available in the provided dataset. Its nomenclature as a "mab-21 like" protein suggests homology with the MAB-21 family of cell fate determinants. Proteins in this family are known to be involved in developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system and eye. However, the precise molecular functions and biological pathways regulated by human [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) remain to be experimentally validated. ## Research Directions The highly specific expression profile of [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) in functionally important cell types, despite its limited characterization, presents several avenues for future research. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171)s, [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) may be a key factor in the transcriptional network that establishes or maintains alpha-cell identity and regulates glucagon synthesis or secretion. 2. The consistent expression of [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) across diverse epithelial barriers, including skin [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312)s and [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632), suggests it could play a role in the terminal differentiation process or in cellular responses to environmental stress at these interfaces. **Suggested Key Experiment:** To test the hypothesis regarding its role in pancreatic alpha cells, a targeted loss-of-function study is warranted. A compelling approach would be to use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) in a human stem cell-derived islet organoid system. The effects of the knockout could be assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing to monitor changes in alpha-cell-specific gene expression programs and by functional assays to measure glucagon secretion in response to stimuli like low glucose or amino acids. **Therapeutic Potential:** The therapeutic potential of [MAB21L4](/details-gene/79919) is currently speculative. Its restricted expression pattern in healthy tissues is a favorable characteristic for a drug target, as it could minimize off-target effects. If future studies reveal that its expression is dysregulated in diseases related to its primary cell types, such as in glucagonomas (tumors of pancreatic alpha cells) or squamous cell carcinomas, it could emerge as a candidate for targeted therapies. For instance, if found to be a cell-surface protein overexpressed on tumor cells, it could be a target for antibody-drug conjugates. However, without a known function, it is premature to define a clear therapeutic strategy.

Genular Protein ID: 262078705

Symbol: MB214_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q08AI8 B3KPP9 H7BXM3 Q08AI9 Q53QU5 Q9H622

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 RefSeq 4 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 447
  • Mass: 49565
  • Checksum: 5F89B2AB819A6FAE
  • Sequence:
    • MPAPALPTSA MAVQVPLWHH YLQAIRSREA PRAQDFQRAE NVLLTVLERV HALDPRFIVD 
YSRGLEAFQF ALRSSEDPMD MEVPLWVDAE ALLIEEPEAT QPEDGLELCH LGVPREGAGL 
ERWTTEDTFT ASSEGDAKCR GHIVPSKVLC VLKDLLVAAI VHCKHHSLIA PGSLNAASLR 
EEQLHLSLLV SSGWRTISFH VVPVVRRKLG APALEGVQQM PGFPEGSLRR ILSQGVDLVP 
ASAQLWRTST DYLLTRLLGE LGSLQGHRLD SLSILDRVNH ESWRDSGQTD GLTFGHLKMV 
LLWASVLFLA PEDWAELQGA VYRLLVVLLC CLATRKLPHF LHPQRNLLQG SGLDLGAIYQ 
RVEGFASQPE AALRIHATHL GRSPPPRIGS GLKALLQLPA SDPTYWATAY FDVLLDKFQV 
FNIQDKDRIS AMQSIFQKTR TLGGEES

Genular Protein ID: 2721469156

Symbol: B3KU29_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B3KU29

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 Gene3D 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 RefSeq 3 SMART 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 298
  • Mass: 32847
  • Checksum: 0B21E4D73BF3F496
  • Sequence:
    • MDTGVWGWGA AACRWGPAER AAGSLNAASL REEQLHLSLL VSSGWRTISF HVVPVVRRKL 
GAPALEGVQQ MPGFPEGSLR RILSQGVDLV PASAQLWRTS TDYLLTRLLG ELGSLQGHRL 
DSLSILDRVN HESWRDSGQT DGLTFGHLKM VLLWASVLFP APEDWAELQG AVYRLLVVLL 
CCLATRKLPH FLHPQRNLLQ GSGLDLGAIY QRVEGFASQP EAALRIHATH LGRSPPPRIG 
SGLKALLQLP ASDPTYWATA YFDVLLDKFQ VFNIQDKDRI SAMQSIFQKT RTLGGEES