Details for: CL0005019

Cell ID: CL0005019

Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell

Marker Score Threshold: 319
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: Ghrelin secreting cells found in the endocrine pancreas.

Synonyms: pancreatic E cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 2.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: CAST (ENSG00000153113)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153113
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: CLK1 (ENSG00000013441)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000013441
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: AP2M1 (ENSG00000161203)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: CHD2 (ENSG00000173575)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173575
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
  • Gene Symbol: CD44 (ENSG00000026508)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000026508
  • Gene Symbol: FOXN3 (ENSG00000053254)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000053254
  • Gene Symbol: CHD1 (ENSG00000153922)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153922
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: CCND3 (ENSG00000112576)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112576
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042753
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: AP3S1 (ENSG00000177879)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177879
  • Gene Symbol: CCNH (ENSG00000134480)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134480
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: CLNS1A (ENSG00000074201)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074201
  • Gene Symbol: CD81 (ENSG00000110651)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110651
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: CTSC (ENSG00000109861)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109861
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: CEBPB (ENSG00000172216)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172216
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: TBCB (ENSG00000105254)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105254
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: PTTG1IP (ENSG00000183255)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183255
  • Gene Symbol: CAPNS1 (ENSG00000126247)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126247
  • Gene Symbol: CHD4 (ENSG00000111642)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111642
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Location**: Pancreatic epsilon cells are found in the islets of Langerhans, a cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas. 2. **Function**: These cells secrete ghrelin, a peptide hormone that stimulates appetite and promotes fat storage. 3. **Gene Expression**: The cell expresses genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival, including ACTB, which encodes the beta-2 subunit of the actin cytoskeleton. 4. **Protein Localization**: Ghrelin is secreted by the cell through exocytosis, and its localization is regulated by various proteins, including clathrin and Rab GTPases. 5. **Cell Junctions**: The cell forms tight junctions with neighboring cells, which helps maintain the integrity of the pancreatic islets. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Ghrelin Deficiency**: Mutations in the ghrelin gene have been associated with various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and gastrointestinal diseases. 2. **Pancreatic Islet Function**: The pancreatic islets, including pancreatic epsilon cells, play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis and insulin regulation. 3. **Neuroendocrine Tumors**: Pancreatic islet cells, including pancreatic epsilon cells, can give rise to neuroendocrine tumors, which can produce excess hormones and cause various clinical symptoms. 4. **Regulation of Appetite**: Ghrelin is a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, and its dysregulation can lead to various metabolic disorders. **Functional Pathways** 1. **Ghrelin Signaling**: Ghrelin binds to its receptor, GHSR, on pancreatic epsilon cells, stimulating the secretion of ghrelin and promoting appetite. 2. **Cell Signaling**: The cell signaling pathways involved in ghrelin secretion and regulation include MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways. 3. **Apoptosis**: The cell undergoes apoptosis in response to various stimuli, including nutrient deprivation and oxidative stress. 4. **Autophagy**: The cell engages in autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate protein degradation. In conclusion, pancreatic epsilon cells are a crucial component of the pancreatic islets, and their dysregulation can lead to various metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional pathways involved in ghrelin secretion and regulation, as well as the role of pancreatic epsilon cells in maintaining glucose homeostasis and insulin regulation.