Details for: COX2

Gene ID: 4513

Symbol: COX2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198712

Description: cytochrome c oxidase subunit II

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 977.8709
    Cell Significance Index: -461.6800
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 951.3298
    Cell Significance Index: -489.3500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 100.1695
    Cell Significance Index: -268.3400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 66.6886
    Cell Significance Index: 2448.0900
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 58.2278
    Cell Significance Index: 816.7300
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 54.0779
    Cell Significance Index: 430.2700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 45.5829
    Cell Significance Index: 33421.2500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 45.4689
    Cell Significance Index: 3601.1400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 44.4130
    Cell Significance Index: 12778.9300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 26.3752
    Cell Significance Index: 389.3000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 16.3755
    Cell Significance Index: 1672.7600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 12.9719
    Cell Significance Index: 7084.2900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 12.9252
    Cell Significance Index: 678.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 12.5312
    Cell Significance Index: 341.0900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 11.5745
    Cell Significance Index: 295.6900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 11.5144
    Cell Significance Index: 521.9100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 11.3636
    Cell Significance Index: 210.0300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 10.9473
    Cell Significance Index: 100.8100
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 10.1165
    Cell Significance Index: 152.4500
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 9.8769
    Cell Significance Index: 205.9900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 9.4985
    Cell Significance Index: 273.6700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 9.0600
    Cell Significance Index: 242.3500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 8.9560
    Cell Significance Index: 1101.2300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 8.5275
    Cell Significance Index: 1171.0600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 8.5015
    Cell Significance Index: 396.3800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 7.7741
    Cell Significance Index: 48.2300
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 7.6506
    Cell Significance Index: 20.4900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 7.5294
    Cell Significance Index: 197.9900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 7.4930
    Cell Significance Index: 173.1200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 7.3015
    Cell Significance Index: 943.3000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 6.9339
    Cell Significance Index: 1249.9600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 6.8168
    Cell Significance Index: 439.7900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 6.6665
    Cell Significance Index: 854.6100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 5.7276
    Cell Significance Index: 4335.3100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 5.5865
    Cell Significance Index: 552.6300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 5.5216
    Cell Significance Index: 259.5100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 5.2879
    Cell Significance Index: 394.1000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 5.2363
    Cell Significance Index: 4728.0200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 4.7437
    Cell Significance Index: 515.9800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 4.4363
    Cell Significance Index: 130.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 3.8620
    Cell Significance Index: 628.1200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 3.5568
    Cell Significance Index: 213.5300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 3.3805
    Cell Significance Index: 117.4700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 3.1170
    Cell Significance Index: 1118.0000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 2.2538
    Cell Significance Index: 447.2800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.4679
    Cell Significance Index: 294.4700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 1.4160
    Cell Significance Index: 40.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.3849
    Cell Significance Index: 263.5600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 1.2350
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.9331
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6000
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.5314
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5188
    Cell Significance Index: 26.9500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4517
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.2128
    Cell Significance Index: -400.7400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.3368
    Cell Significance Index: -621.1400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.4050
    Cell Significance Index: -623.4500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.4627
    Cell Significance Index: -629.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.5020
    Cell Significance Index: -85.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.5700
    Cell Significance Index: -422.2100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.6406
    Cell Significance Index: -406.8400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.7881
    Cell Significance Index: -444.4800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.9337
    Cell Significance Index: -423.7700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.9440
    Cell Significance Index: -52.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -1.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -640.9400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -1.1835
    Cell Significance Index: -79.5800
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -1.3565
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -1.8185
    Cell Significance Index: -208.3400
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -1.9543
    Cell Significance Index: -34.5400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -2.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -138.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -2.5063
    Cell Significance Index: -527.8900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -3.0951
    Cell Significance Index: -99.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -3.1015
    Cell Significance Index: -77.5300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -3.2149
    Cell Significance Index: -467.3200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -3.2674
    Cell Significance Index: -63.7700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -4.1027
    Cell Significance Index: -68.6600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -4.1459
    Cell Significance Index: -89.8200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -4.2017
    Cell Significance Index: -437.5000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -4.7903
    Cell Significance Index: -136.7000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -4.8232
    Cell Significance Index: -303.9900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -5.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -386.1100
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -5.5696
    Cell Significance Index: -42.9300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -5.5763
    Cell Significance Index: -116.7200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -6.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -370.8300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -6.3317
    Cell Significance Index: -388.1900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -6.4702
    Cell Significance Index: -96.9500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -6.5589
    Cell Significance Index: -331.4700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -6.7779
    Cell Significance Index: -277.7300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -7.4959
    Cell Significance Index: -129.2200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -8.3349
    Cell Significance Index: -177.5100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -9.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -93.2500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -10.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -295.1300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -10.3049
    Cell Significance Index: -455.8100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -11.3423
    Cell Significance Index: -154.7500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -12.4711
    Cell Significance Index: -472.2500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -12.4780
    Cell Significance Index: -258.8500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -12.9797
    Cell Significance Index: -454.7000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -13.5094
    Cell Significance Index: -161.0400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -13.7361
    Cell Significance Index: -449.7200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -14.1211
    Cell Significance Index: -449.7400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -14.3499
    Cell Significance Index: -368.8600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** COX2 is a subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, which is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is composed of five subunits: I, II, III, IV, and V. COX2 is responsible for the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, resulting in the production of water and ATP. This enzyme is also involved in the regulation of cellular respiration, cellular responses to stimuli, and cellular responses to stress. **Pathways and Functions:** COX2 is integral to several key pathways, including: 1. **ATP Synthesis Coupled Electron Transport:** COX2 plays a critical role in generating ATP through the electron transport chain. 2. **Cellular Respiration:** COX2 is essential for the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce energy. 3. **Cellular Responses to Stimuli:** COX2 is involved in the regulation of cellular responses to various stimuli, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. 4. **Cytoprotection by HMox1:** COX2 interacts with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to regulate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which provides cytoprotection against oxidative stress. 5. **Mitochondrial Electron Transport:** COX2 is responsible for the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, resulting in the production of water and ATP. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of COX2 has been implicated in various disease states, including: 1. **Cancer:** Overexpression of COX2 has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis. 2. **Cardiovascular Disease:** COX2 has been shown to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. 3. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** COX2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Inflammatory Disorders:** COX2 has been shown to contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. In conclusion, COX2 is a critical component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various disease states. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which COX2 regulates cellular function and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme.

Genular Protein ID: 3358810535

Symbol: COX2_HUMAN

Name: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P00403 Q37526

Database IDs:

AGR 2 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 15 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 DrugCentral 1 EC 2 EMBL 100 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 5 RefSeq 1 Rhea 4 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TCDB 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7219534

Title: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.

PubMed ID: 7219534

DOI: 10.1038/290457a0

PubMed ID: 2550900

Title: Nucleotide sequence of human mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2550900

DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.16.6734

PubMed ID: 226894

Title: A different genetic code in human mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 226894

DOI: 10.1038/282189a0

PubMed ID: 7530363

Title: Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs.

PubMed ID: 7530363

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.2.532

PubMed ID: 8277847

Title: Mitochondrial COII sequences and modern human origins.

PubMed ID: 8277847

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040068

PubMed ID: 12949126

Title: Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J.

PubMed ID: 12949126

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg230

PubMed ID: 11130070

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans.

PubMed ID: 11130070

DOI: 10.1038/35047064

PubMed ID: 12840039

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines.

PubMed ID: 12840039

DOI: 10.1101/gr.686603

PubMed ID: 14760490

Title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms over the entire mtDNA genome that increase the power of forensic testing in Caucasians.

PubMed ID: 14760490

DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0427-6

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23125284

Title: A mutation in the FAM36A gene, the human ortholog of COX20, impairs cytochrome c oxidase assembly and is associated with ataxia and muscle hypotonia.

PubMed ID: 23125284

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds473

PubMed ID: 24403053

Title: Human COX20 cooperates with SCO1 and SCO2 to mature COX2 and promote the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed ID: 24403053

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu003

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 29154948

Title: The mitochondrial TMEM177 associates with COX20 during COX2 biogenesis.

PubMed ID: 29154948

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.010

PubMed ID: 28330871

Title: Human mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor COX18 acts transiently as a membrane insertase within the subunit 2 maturation module.

PubMed ID: 28330871

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778514

PubMed ID: 29355485

Title: COX16 is required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in human cells and is involved in copper delivery to COX2.

PubMed ID: 29355485

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.01.004

PubMed ID: 29381136

Title: COX16 promotes COX2 metallation and assembly during respiratory complex IV biogenesis.

PubMed ID: 29381136

DOI: 10.7554/elife.32572

PubMed ID: 28844695

Title: Architecture of human mitochondrial respiratory megacomplex I2III2IV2.

PubMed ID: 28844695

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.050

PubMed ID: 30030519

Title: Structure of the intact 14-subunit human cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed ID: 30030519

DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0071-1

PubMed ID: 1757091

Title: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base.

PubMed ID: 1757091

DOI: 10.1007/bf00206061

PubMed ID: 9806551

Title: Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in human colorectal tumours.

PubMed ID: 9806551

DOI: 10.1038/3108

PubMed ID: 10486321

Title: A missense mutation of cytochrome oxidase subunit II causes defective assembly and myopathy.

PubMed ID: 10486321

DOI: 10.1086/302590

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 227
  • Mass: 25565
  • Checksum: 402A3145241DDEE6
  • Sequence:
    • MAHAAQVGLQ DATSPIMEEL ITFHDHALMI IFLICFLVLY ALFLTLTTKL TNTNISDAQE 
METVWTILPA IILVLIALPS LRILYMTDEV NDPSLTIKSI GHQWYWTYEY TDYGGLIFNS 
YMLPPLFLEP GDLRLLDVDN RVVLPIEAPI RMMITSQDVL HSWAVPTLGL KTDAIPGRLN 
QTTFTATRPG VYYGQCSEIC GANHSFMPIV LELIPLKIFE MGPVFTL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.