Details for: ND2

Gene ID: 4536

Symbol: ND2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198763

Description: NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 682.8946
    Cell Significance Index: -322.4100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 645.5279
    Cell Significance Index: -332.0500
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 483.0690
    Cell Significance Index: -324.1500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 69.2571
    Cell Significance Index: -185.5300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 55.1451
    Cell Significance Index: 2024.3400
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 41.6352
    Cell Significance Index: 331.2700
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 36.4618
    Cell Significance Index: 511.4300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 26.7671
    Cell Significance Index: 395.0800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 21.4962
    Cell Significance Index: 1702.5000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 19.3369
    Cell Significance Index: 14177.7800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 18.6988
    Cell Significance Index: 1910.0800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 14.4687
    Cell Significance Index: 759.6600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 10.8720
    Cell Significance Index: 277.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 10.6873
    Cell Significance Index: 484.4200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 10.1995
    Cell Significance Index: 272.8300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 9.2626
    Cell Significance Index: 252.1200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 9.1335
    Cell Significance Index: 4988.0100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 8.9915
    Cell Significance Index: 82.8000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 8.8912
    Cell Significance Index: 1139.8000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 8.0889
    Cell Significance Index: 149.5100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 7.8278
    Cell Significance Index: 1074.9800
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 7.5708
    Cell Significance Index: 133.7900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 7.4319
    Cell Significance Index: 195.4200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 7.4228
    Cell Significance Index: 213.8700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 7.3666
    Cell Significance Index: 951.7100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 7.3182
    Cell Significance Index: 545.4200
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 6.3402
    Cell Significance Index: 220.3200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 6.2274
    Cell Significance Index: 48.0000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 5.9503
    Cell Significance Index: 731.6500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 5.9435
    Cell Significance Index: 137.3200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 5.9398
    Cell Significance Index: 276.9400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 5.7370
    Cell Significance Index: 5180.0500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 5.1882
    Cell Significance Index: 58.9400
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 5.1871
    Cell Significance Index: 108.1800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 4.9009
    Cell Significance Index: 316.1800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 4.6070
    Cell Significance Index: 830.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 4.2263
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 4.2162
    Cell Significance Index: 3191.3100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 4.0671
    Cell Significance Index: 191.1500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 3.9542
    Cell Significance Index: 430.1000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 3.4575
    Cell Significance Index: 342.0200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 3.0585
    Cell Significance Index: 87.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 2.5384
    Cell Significance Index: 412.8500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.1380
    Cell Significance Index: 36.0100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.7847
    Cell Significance Index: 354.1700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.5304
    Cell Significance Index: 548.9300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.1735
    Cell Significance Index: 60.9600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 1.0662
    Cell Significance Index: 37.4700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8934
    Cell Significance Index: 170.0200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.8183
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.7186
    Cell Significance Index: 144.1600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1565
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1800
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.1592
    Cell Significance Index: -299.7100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1636
    Cell Significance Index: -27.9400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.2420
    Cell Significance Index: -446.2600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.2902
    Cell Significance Index: -446.7000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.3292
    Cell Significance Index: -447.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.3812
    Cell Significance Index: -282.3600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.5030
    Cell Significance Index: -319.4400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.5325
    Cell Significance Index: -300.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.6146
    Cell Significance Index: -383.8100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.7126
    Cell Significance Index: -323.4400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.8162
    Cell Significance Index: -54.8800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.8633
    Cell Significance Index: -248.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -1.2099
    Cell Significance Index: -138.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -1.6352
    Cell Significance Index: -344.4200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -1.8368
    Cell Significance Index: -127.0300
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -1.9292
    Cell Significance Index: -79.0500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -1.9386
    Cell Significance Index: -48.4600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -2.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -101.9400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -2.2808
    Cell Significance Index: -73.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -2.4478
    Cell Significance Index: -355.8200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -2.5000
    Cell Significance Index: -41.8400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -2.9458
    Cell Significance Index: -176.8500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -2.9474
    Cell Significance Index: -306.8900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -3.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -88.3400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -3.0815
    Cell Significance Index: -66.7600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -3.1023
    Cell Significance Index: -46.7500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -3.5005
    Cell Significance Index: -196.4300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -3.5808
    Cell Significance Index: -53.6600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -3.6394
    Cell Significance Index: -279.2800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -4.1946
    Cell Significance Index: -72.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -4.2983
    Cell Significance Index: -122.6600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -4.3407
    Cell Significance Index: -273.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -4.4116
    Cell Significance Index: -270.4800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -4.5821
    Cell Significance Index: -95.9100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: -4.7000
    Cell Significance Index: -45.4700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -4.8052
    Cell Significance Index: -295.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -5.8182
    Cell Significance Index: -60.2300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -6.6944
    Cell Significance Index: -197.1800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -7.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -310.7800
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -7.7249
    Cell Significance Index: -98.9300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -8.3173
    Cell Significance Index: -172.5400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -8.5224
    Cell Significance Index: -322.7200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -8.5782
    Cell Significance Index: -300.5100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -8.6651
    Cell Significance Index: -66.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -8.8174
    Cell Significance Index: -187.7900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -9.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -296.6200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -9.2132
    Cell Significance Index: -293.4300
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: -9.8129
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Gene Location and Function:** The ND2 gene is located on chromosome 10q24.1 and encodes a subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase complex, which is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. 2. **Expression Patterns:** ND2 is highly expressed in cells involved in energy-intensive functions, such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and neurons. 3. **Interactions and Binding Partners:** ND2 interacts with various proteins, including other subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase complex, protein kinases, and protein-binding proteins. 4. **Regulation and Response:** ND2 is responsive to hypoxia, a condition characterized by reduced oxygen availability, which can lead to changes in its expression and activity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Aerobic Respiration:** ND2 plays a critical role in the electron transport chain, which is essential for generating ATP through aerobic respiration. 2. **Mitochondrial Electron Transport:** ND2 is involved in the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, a key step in the electron transport chain. 3. **Protein Degradation:** ND2 is involved in the regulation of protein degradation in the mitochondria, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. 4. **Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Metabolism:** ND2 helps to regulate ROS levels, which are essential for signaling and cellular homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of the ND2 gene has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Mitochondrial Myopathies:** Mutations in the ND2 gene can lead to mitochondrial myopathies, a group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** Alterations in ND2 expression and function have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. 3. **Cancer:** ND2 is involved in the regulation of protein degradation and ROS metabolism, which can influence cancer progression and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, the ND2 gene plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism. Its dysregulation can have significant consequences for human health, highlighting the importance of further research into the mechanisms and implications of ND2 dysfunction.

Genular Protein ID: 1345355881

Symbol: NU2M_HUMAN

Name: NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P03891 Q34769 Q9TGI0 Q9TGI1 Q9TGI2 Q9TGI3 Q9TGI4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 100 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MIM 7 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NIAGADS 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 3 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 1 Rhea 3 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7219534

Title: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.

PubMed ID: 7219534

DOI: 10.1038/290457a0

PubMed ID: 6260957

Title: Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing.

PubMed ID: 6260957

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5

PubMed ID: 9475751

Title: Departure from neutrality at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene in humans, but not in chimpanzees.

PubMed ID: 9475751

DOI: 10.1093/genetics/148.1.409

PubMed ID: 7530363

Title: Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs.

PubMed ID: 7530363

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.2.532

PubMed ID: 12949126

Title: Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J.

PubMed ID: 12949126

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg230

PubMed ID: 11130070

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans.

PubMed ID: 11130070

DOI: 10.1038/35047064

PubMed ID: 12840039

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines.

PubMed ID: 12840039

DOI: 10.1101/gr.686603

PubMed ID: 14760490

Title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms over the entire mtDNA genome that increase the power of forensic testing in Caucasians.

PubMed ID: 14760490

DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0427-6

PubMed ID: 3921850

Title: Six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 3921850

DOI: 10.1038/314592a0

PubMed ID: 12611891

Title: The subunit composition of the human NADH dehydrogenase obtained by rapid one-step immunopurification.

PubMed ID: 12611891

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300064200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 33753518

Title: TMEM70 and TMEM242 help to assemble the rotor ring of human ATP synthase and interact with assembly factors for complex I.

PubMed ID: 33753518

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100558118

PubMed ID: 1900003

Title: Alternative, simultaneous complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

PubMed ID: 1900003

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91567-v

PubMed ID: 1757091

Title: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base.

PubMed ID: 1757091

DOI: 10.1007/bf00206061

PubMed ID: 1732158

Title: Mitochondrial DNA complex I and III mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

PubMed ID: 1732158

DOI: 10.1093/genetics/130.1.163

PubMed ID: 1370613

Title: Detection of point mutations in codon 331 of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 in Alzheimer's brains.

PubMed ID: 1370613

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80136-6

PubMed ID: 9461455

Title: Automating the identification of DNA variations using quality-based fluorescence re-sequencing: analysis of the human mitochondrial genome.

PubMed ID: 9461455

DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.4.967

PubMed ID: 16996290

Title: Mutated ND2 impairs mitochondrial complex I assembly and leads to Leigh syndrome.

PubMed ID: 16996290

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.08.003

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 347
  • Mass: 38961
  • Checksum: C06FD982317C3F2D
  • Sequence:
    • MNPLAQPVIY STIFAGTLIT ALSSHWFFTW VGLEMNMLAF IPVLTKKMNP RSTEAAIKYF 
LTQATASMIL LMAILFNNML SGQWTMTNTT NQYSSLMIMM AMAMKLGMAP FHFWVPEVTQ 
GTPLTSGLLL LTWQKLAPIS IMYQISPSLN VSLLLTLSIL SIMAGSWGGL NQTQLRKILA 
YSSITHMGWM MAVLPYNPNM TILNLTIYII LTTTAFLLLN LNSSTTTLLL SRTWNKLTWL 
TPLIPSTLLS LGGLPPLTGF LPKWAIIEEF TKNNSLIIPT IMATITLLNL YFYLRLIYST 
SITLLPMSNN VKMKWQFEHT KPTPFLPTLI ALTTLLLPIS PFMLMIL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.