Details for: MDP1

Gene ID: 145553

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: MDP1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213920

Description: magnesium dependent phosphatase 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 3.34%
    PRS 96.59
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.35
    rCSI 2.77%
    PRS 96.97
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 96.73
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 90.78
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.28
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 94.56
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 92.68
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.59
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 96.05
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 74.14
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 1.01
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 96.56
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 0.98
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 74.7
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 0.81
    rCSI 3.76%
    PRS 96.63
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.79
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 96.08

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) (Magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14q12. Functionally, it is characterized as a phosphatase with annotated roles in [acid phosphatase activity](/details-ontology/GO:0003993) and [protein tyrosine phosphatase activity](/details-ontology/GO:0004725), suggesting its involvement in regulating cellular signaling cascades through dephosphorylation. Expression data indicates that **Overall**, [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) shows high significance in a diverse array of cell types, most notably in pancreatic endocrine cells such as the [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173) and [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171), as well as in lymphoid progenitors like the [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826). This expression pattern suggests potential roles in metabolic regulation, endocrine function, and early immune cell development. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) highlights its importance across several distinct biological systems. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in pancreatic endocrine cells, including [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173) (CSI: 3.39), [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) (CSI: 2.96), and [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169) (CSI: 1.59). This strong and consistent signal across multiple islet cell types suggests a fundamental role for [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) in the specialized metabolic and secretory functions of the pancreas. Beyond the endocrine system, [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) is a highly significant marker for the [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) (CSI: 3.35), an early stage of B-lymphocyte development. This points to a potential regulatory function in controlling the signaling pathways that govern B-cell lineage commitment and proliferation. Furthermore, the gene is significantly expressed in various other tissues, including epithelial cells like the [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 2.40) and [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 1.41), as well as in the nervous system, as indicated by its relevance in the [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) (CSI: 2.18). Its notable significance in [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 2.28) populations suggests a possible role in maintaining pluripotency or regulating differentiation processes. The broad, yet specific, expression pattern across endocrine, immune, epithelial, and stem cell compartments indicates that [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) likely modulates fundamental cellular processes common to these diverse cell types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) are consistent with a role as a signaling regulator. Its designation as a phosphatase with both [acid phosphatase activity](/details-ontology/GO:0003993) and [protein tyrosine phosphatase activity](/details-ontology/GO:0004725) is critical. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are key antagonists of tyrosine kinase signaling, which is central to processes like cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. The high significance of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) in [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) is consistent with a role in regulating signaling from the pre-B-cell receptor, a process heavily dependent on a balance of kinase and phosphatase activity. Similarly, in pancreatic islet cells, insulin secretion and metabolic sensing are tightly controlled by phosphorylation events, providing a clear context for the function of a phosphatase like [MDP1](/details-gene/145553). Although not a top-ranked cell type in this dataset, previous phosphoproteomic studies have identified widespread phosphorylation changes during T-cell receptor signaling ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000007)) and in cancer cells ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1021/pr300630k)), highlighting the type of system-wide regulatory networks where a phosphatase like [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) would be expected to function. ## Research Directions The diverse expression profile of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) across metabolically active and developing cells provides fertile ground for future investigation. Its role as a phosphatase makes it a potentially important, yet currently understudied, regulator in several disease contexts. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **[MDP1](/details-gene/145553) is a key regulator of pancreatic hormone secretion.** Given its high significance in pancreatic A, B, and D cells, it is plausible that [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) dephosphorylates critical substrates in the glucose-sensing or exocytosis pathways, thereby modulating the release of glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin. Dysregulation of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) could contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. 2. **[MDP1](/details-gene/145553) functions as a checkpoint in early B-cell development.** Its prominent expression in [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) suggests it may act as a tumor suppressor or a negative regulator of proliferation signals. Loss of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) function could lead to uncontrolled proliferation or a block in differentiation, potentially contributing to the development of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). ### Key Experiments To test the hypothesis regarding its role in pancreatic function, a targeted experimental approach is warranted. A conditional knockout mouse model could be generated, deleting [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) specifically in pancreatic islet cells (e.g., using a *Pdx1-Cre* driver). These mice, alongside wild-type littermates, would be subjected to metabolic profiling, including glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Islets could then be isolated from these models and stimulated with glucose *in vitro* to directly measure hormone secretion via ELISA. Concurrently, quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of these islets would be performed to identify the direct or indirect substrates of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553), revealing the specific signaling pathways it regulates. ### Therapeutic Potential As a phosphatase, [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) represents a druggable enzyme class. Its therapeutic potential is highly context-dependent. If it acts as a negative regulator of insulin secretion, small molecule inhibitors of [MDP1](/details-gene/145553) could be explored as a novel therapy for certain types of diabetes to enhance insulin release. Conversely, if its loss of function is implicated in B-cell malignancies, strategies to restore its activity or target parallel pathways might be beneficial. However, its significant expression in multiple other cell types, including neurons and stem cells, suggests that systemic targeting could lead to significant off-target effects, necessitating highly targeted delivery strategies or cell-specific therapeutic approaches.

Genular Protein ID: 2125726083

Symbol: MGDP1_HUMAN

Name: Magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q86V88 Q86Y84 Q8NAD9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 13 DEPOD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 3 EMBL 3 Ensembl 4 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 3 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 2 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 3 SFLD 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 176
  • Mass: 20109
  • Checksum: B0A33BD02458B2EF
  • Sequence:
    • MARLPKLAVF DLDYTLWPFW VDTHVDPPFH KSSDGTVRDR RGQDVRLYPE VPEVLKRLQS 
LGVPGAAASR TSEIEGANQL LELFDLFRYF VHREIYPGSK ITHFERLQQK TGIPFSQMIF 
FDDERRNIVD VSKLGVTCIH IQNGMNLQTL SQGLETFAKA QTGPLRSSLE ESPFEA