Details for: ND4

Gene ID: 4538

Symbol: ND4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198886

Description: NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 890.1289
    Cell Significance Index: -420.2500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 836.9019
    Cell Significance Index: -430.4900
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 628.8466
    Cell Significance Index: -421.9700
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 87.6791
    Cell Significance Index: -234.8800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 60.6043
    Cell Significance Index: 2224.7400
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 52.0179
    Cell Significance Index: 413.8800
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 49.2002
    Cell Significance Index: 690.1100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 32.4059
    Cell Significance Index: 2566.5500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 32.3189
    Cell Significance Index: 23696.1300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 32.1842
    Cell Significance Index: 475.0400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 32.1151
    Cell Significance Index: 9240.4700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 19.5917
    Cell Significance Index: 1028.6400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 16.6342
    Cell Significance Index: 1699.1800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 12.6055
    Cell Significance Index: 322.0300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 12.0459
    Cell Significance Index: 327.8800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 11.1931
    Cell Significance Index: 6112.8300
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 10.3442
    Cell Significance Index: 276.7000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 9.9824
    Cell Significance Index: 91.9300
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 9.4799
    Cell Significance Index: 197.7100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 9.2307
    Cell Significance Index: 242.7200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 8.8948
    Cell Significance Index: 68.5600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 8.6970
    Cell Significance Index: 1194.3400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 8.3511
    Cell Significance Index: 1070.5600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 8.1788
    Cell Significance Index: 123.2500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 7.9335
    Cell Significance Index: 228.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 7.9217
    Cell Significance Index: 861.6400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 7.7664
    Cell Significance Index: 1003.3700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 7.6748
    Cell Significance Index: 943.6900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 7.6495
    Cell Significance Index: 176.7300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 7.3677
    Cell Significance Index: 333.9600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 6.8564
    Cell Significance Index: 511.0000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 6.2227
    Cell Significance Index: 401.4600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 5.9266
    Cell Significance Index: 586.2700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 5.9226
    Cell Significance Index: 4482.9400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 5.9192
    Cell Significance Index: 205.6900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 5.8481
    Cell Significance Index: 1054.2300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 5.3335
    Cell Significance Index: 248.6800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 5.2301
    Cell Significance Index: 245.8100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.3149
    Cell Significance Index: 79.7500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 4.1975
    Cell Significance Index: 3790.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 4.1755
    Cell Significance Index: 679.1000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 4.0764
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 3.6375
    Cell Significance Index: 104.2700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 3.1821
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1500
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 2.9588
    Cell Significance Index: 52.2900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 2.2809
    Cell Significance Index: 818.1400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.2395
    Cell Significance Index: 37.7300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.9290
    Cell Significance Index: 382.8200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.8015
    Cell Significance Index: 108.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.2994
    Cell Significance Index: 247.2900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 1.0679
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9084
    Cell Significance Index: 182.2300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.5487
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.4320
    Cell Significance Index: 22.4400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3191
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.1963
    Cell Significance Index: -369.6900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.3051
    Cell Significance Index: -562.6000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.3679
    Cell Significance Index: -566.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.3859
    Cell Significance Index: -65.9000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.4184
    Cell Significance Index: -568.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.5099
    Cell Significance Index: -377.7200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.6168
    Cell Significance Index: -391.7300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.7037
    Cell Significance Index: -396.8500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.7487
    Cell Significance Index: -50.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.8201
    Cell Significance Index: -512.1300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.8387
    Cell Significance Index: -380.6400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.8530
    Cell Significance Index: -58.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -1.6249
    Cell Significance Index: -186.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -2.2224
    Cell Significance Index: -468.0900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -2.4111
    Cell Significance Index: -60.2700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -2.4513
    Cell Significance Index: -78.5100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -2.9160
    Cell Significance Index: -85.6400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -3.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -440.5900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -3.2783
    Cell Significance Index: -54.8700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -3.3636
    Cell Significance Index: -188.7500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -3.3774
    Cell Significance Index: -73.1700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -3.7347
    Cell Significance Index: -388.8700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -4.0642
    Cell Significance Index: -85.0700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -4.4886
    Cell Significance Index: -344.4500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -4.5920
    Cell Significance Index: -289.4200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -4.8467
    Cell Significance Index: -138.3100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -5.2407
    Cell Significance Index: -322.1200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -5.4127
    Cell Significance Index: -273.5500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -5.7856
    Cell Significance Index: -354.7100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -6.2312
    Cell Significance Index: -255.3300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -6.4175
    Cell Significance Index: -96.1600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -6.7203
    Cell Significance Index: -115.8500
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -7.6991
    Cell Significance Index: -98.6000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -7.8570
    Cell Significance Index: -81.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -8.7505
    Cell Significance Index: -257.7400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -8.8256
    Cell Significance Index: -187.9600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -9.3502
    Cell Significance Index: -413.5800
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -10.4798
    Cell Significance Index: -124.9300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -10.5092
    Cell Significance Index: -270.1400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -10.6994
    Cell Significance Index: -221.9500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -11.0799
    Cell Significance Index: -388.1500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -11.3609
    Cell Significance Index: -430.2100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -11.6695
    Cell Significance Index: -382.0600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -11.9502
    Cell Significance Index: -380.6000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -12.9159
    Cell Significance Index: -176.2200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Location:** The ND4 gene is located on the mitochondrial DNA, which is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. 2. **Function:** The ND4 protein is a subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which is responsible for the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. 3. **Expression:** The ND4 gene is highly expressed in cells that require high energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, neurons, and epithelial cells. 4. **Regulation:** The expression of the ND4 gene is regulated by various factors, including hypoxia, ethanol, and nicotine, which can impact energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Electron Transport Chain:** The ND4 protein is a key component of the electron transport chain, which is responsible for generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. 2. **Mitochondrial Respiration:** The ND4 gene plays a crucial role in mitochondrial respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy from the breakdown of nutrients. 3. **Aerobic Respiration:** The ND4 protein is involved in aerobic respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy in the presence of oxygen. 4. **Cerebellum Development:** The ND4 gene is involved in cerebellum development, which is a complex process that requires precise energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. 5. **Heat Production:** The ND4 protein is also involved in heat production by uncoupling proteins, which is a process that generates heat without producing ATP. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Mitochondrial Diseases:** Mutations in the ND4 gene have been implicated in various mitochondrial diseases, including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), which is a rare inherited disorder that affects the eyes. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** The ND4 gene has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, which are characterized by impaired energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. 3. **Cancer:** The ND4 gene has been implicated in cancer, which is characterized by impaired energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. 4. **Cardiovascular Disease:** The ND4 gene has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by impaired energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. In conclusion, the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene plays a critical role in mitochondrial function and human health. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including mitochondrial diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which the ND4 gene regulates energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 3412048835

Symbol: NU4M_HUMAN

Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7219534

Title: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.

PubMed ID: 7219534

DOI: 10.1038/290457a0

PubMed ID: 1377597

Title: Differentiation of HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells correlates with increased expression of mitochondrial RNA: effects of trehalose on cell growth and maturation.

PubMed ID: 1377597

PubMed ID: 12022039

Title: Mitochondrial genome diversity of native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America.

PubMed ID: 12022039

DOI: 10.1086/341358

PubMed ID: 12949126

Title: Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J.

PubMed ID: 12949126

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg230

PubMed ID: 11130070

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans.

PubMed ID: 11130070

DOI: 10.1038/35047064

PubMed ID: 12840039

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines.

PubMed ID: 12840039

DOI: 10.1101/gr.686603

PubMed ID: 14760490

Title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms over the entire mtDNA genome that increase the power of forensic testing in Caucasians.

PubMed ID: 14760490

DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0427-6

PubMed ID: 6284948

Title: Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: tempo and mode of evolution.

PubMed ID: 6284948

DOI: 10.1007/bf01734101

PubMed ID: 3921850

Title: Six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 3921850

DOI: 10.1038/314592a0

PubMed ID: 8344246

Title: Lack of assembly of mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of respiratory NADH dehydrogenase and loss of enzyme activity in a human cell mutant lacking the mitochondrial ND4 gene product.

PubMed ID: 8344246

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05973.x

PubMed ID: 12611891

Title: The subunit composition of the human NADH dehydrogenase obtained by rapid one-step immunopurification.

PubMed ID: 12611891

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300064200

PubMed ID: 15250827

Title: Structural organization of mitochondrial human complex I: role of the ND4 and ND5 mitochondria-encoded subunits and interaction with prohibitin.

PubMed ID: 15250827

DOI: 10.1042/bj20040256

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 3201231

Title: Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

PubMed ID: 3201231

DOI: 10.1126/science.3201231

PubMed ID: 1959619

Title: Electron transfer properties of NADH:ubiquinone reductase in the ND1/3460 and the ND4/11778 mutations of the Leber hereditary optic neuroretinopathy (LHON).

PubMed ID: 1959619

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80886-8

PubMed ID: 1959931

Title: Detection of the G to A mitochondrial DNA mutation at position 11778 in German families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

PubMed ID: 1959931

DOI: 10.1007/bf00204937

PubMed ID: 1757091

Title: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base.

PubMed ID: 1757091

DOI: 10.1007/bf00206061

PubMed ID: 1323207

Title: A new disease-related mutation for mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome affects the ND4 subunit of the respiratory complex I.

PubMed ID: 1323207

PubMed ID: 8644732

Title: Genetic and biochemical impairment of mitochondrial complex I activity in a family with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and hereditary spastic dystonia.

PubMed ID: 8644732

PubMed ID: 9452107

Title: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in Indonesia: two families with the mtDNA 11778G>A and 14484T>C mutations.

PubMed ID: 9452107

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110186

PubMed ID: 20818383

Title: High-throughput, pooled sequencing identifies mutations in NUBPL and FOXRED1 in human complex I deficiency.

PubMed ID: 20818383

DOI: 10.1038/ng.659

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 459
  • Mass: 51581
  • Checksum: 2EEE581F3BD270AF
  • Sequence:
  • MLKLIVPTIM LLPLTWLSKK HMIWINTTTH SLIISIIPLL FFNQINNNLF SCSPTFSSDP 
    LTTPLLMLTT WLLPLTIMAS QRHLSSEPLS RKKLYLSMLI SLQISLIMTF TATELIMFYI 
    FFETTLIPTL AIITRWGNQP ERLNAGTYFL FYTLVGSLPL LIALIYTHNT LGSLNILLLT 
    LTAQELSNSW ANNLMWLAYT MAFMVKMPLY GLHLWLPKAH VEAPIAGSMV LAAVLLKLGG 
    YGMMRLTLIL NPLTKHMAYP FLVLSLWGMI MTSSICLRQT DLKSLIAYSS ISHMALVVTA 
    ILIQTPWSFT GAVILMIAHG LTSSLLFCLA NSNYERTHSR IMILSQGLQT LLPLMAFWWL 
    LASLANLALP PTINLLGELS VLVTTFSWSN ITLLLTGLNM LVTALYSLYM FTTTQWGSLT 
    HHINNMKPSF TRENTLMFMH LSPILLLSLN PDIITGFSS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.