Details for: PPY

Gene ID: 5539

Symbol: PPY

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108849

Description: pancreatic polypeptide

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 16.6321
    Cell Significance Index: 1898.5400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 10.0753
    Cell Significance Index: 172.2300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 8.9486
    Cell Significance Index: 314.4400
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 8.6611
    Cell Significance Index: 88.0500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 6.1325
    Cell Significance Index: 176.6900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 4.8557
    Cell Significance Index: 121.3800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 4.1218
    Cell Significance Index: 83.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 4.0292
    Cell Significance Index: 247.0300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 3.8447
    Cell Significance Index: 79.7600
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 3.5925
    Cell Significance Index: 71.0400
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 3.3059
    Cell Significance Index: 57.1600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.9585
    Cell Significance Index: 64.1000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 2.5637
    Cell Significance Index: 82.1100
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 1.6049
    Cell Significance Index: 24.1900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.1774
    Cell Significance Index: 29.3700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.0383
    Cell Significance Index: 25.1500
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 0.7692
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.7405
    Cell Significance Index: 126.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6842
    Cell Significance Index: 67.6800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.6349
    Cell Significance Index: 20.2200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6211
    Cell Significance Index: 560.7800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.6005
    Cell Significance Index: 21.0400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5966
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.4214
    Cell Significance Index: 45.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3828
    Cell Significance Index: 62.2600
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.3661
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3446
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.2401
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2280
    Cell Significance Index: 15.7700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.1250
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1218
    Cell Significance Index: 23.1800
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: 0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0535
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: -0.0588
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0672
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: -0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.0807
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0845
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0858
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0863
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0879
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0885
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0916
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.0967
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: -0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: -0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: -0.0989
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: -0.1026
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1038
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.1058
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.1089
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: -0.1159
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: -0.1276
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: ON parasol ganglion cell (CL4033052)
    Fold Change: -0.1300
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: diffuse bipolar 2 cell (CL4033028)
    Fold Change: -0.1327
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.1363
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.1402
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.1403
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.1440
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1482
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7200
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: -0.1568
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.1578
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.1688
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1791
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.1818
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.1820
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.1834
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1869
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.1890
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1927
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1600
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.1959
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.2001
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: -0.2029
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2050
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.2100
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3500
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.2140
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** PPY is a 36-amino acid peptide hormone, consisting of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains. It is secreted by PP cells, a type of enteroendocrine cell found in the pancreas, and has been identified in various other tissues, including the brain, adrenal glands, and immune cells. 2. **Expression:** PPY is widely expressed in various cell types, including erythrocytes, double-negative thymocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, pancreatic ductal cells, megakaryocytes, and T cells. 3. **Signaling Pathways:** PPY interacts with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically Rhodopsin-like receptors, to activate downstream signaling pathways, including Gα(i) signaling events and GPCR downstream signaling. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling:** PPY binding to GPCRs triggers a cascade of signaling events, including the activation of Gα(i) proteins, which in turn modulate various cellular processes, such as gene expression, ion transport, and cell proliferation. 2. **Hormone Secretion:** PPY stimulates the secretion of other hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and gastrin, from pancreatic islet cells and enteroendocrine cells. 3. **Feeding Behavior:** PPY plays a role in regulating feeding behavior by modulating the activity of hypothalamic neurons involved in appetite control. 4. **Neuroimmunology:** PPY has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, including the activation of T cells and the production of cytokines. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Diabetes:** Abnormalities in PPY expression and function have been linked to type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by impaired insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. 2. **Gastrointestinal Disorders:** PPY dysregulation has been associated with various gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and pancreatic cancer. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** PPY has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it may play a role in regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. In conclusion, the PPY gene encodes a complex neuropeptide hormone with widespread expression and multifunctional roles in regulating physiological processes, including feeding behavior, hormone secretion, and immune responses. Further research into the mechanisms of PPY signaling and its clinical significance is essential for understanding the molecular basis of various diseases and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Genular Protein ID: 1885099653

Symbol: PAHO_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01298

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6373251

Title: A cDNA encoding a small common precursor for human pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide.

PubMed ID: 6373251

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01904.x

PubMed ID: 6094571

Title: Structure of a precursor to human pancreatic polypeptide.

PubMed ID: 6094571

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42659-7

PubMed ID: 2997153

Title: Exons of the human pancreatic polypeptide gene define functional domains of the precursor.

PubMed ID: 2997153

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38830-0

PubMed ID: 3753985

Title: Genes encoding pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y are on human chromosomes 17 and 7.

PubMed ID: 3753985

DOI: 10.1172/jci112357

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14664712

Title: Expression profile of mRNAs from human pancreatic islet tumors.

PubMed ID: 14664712

DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0310519

PubMed ID: 6366786

Title: Human pancreatic icosapeptide: isolation, sequence, and immunocytochemical localization of the COOH-terminal fragment of the pancreatic polypeptide precursor.

PubMed ID: 6366786

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.708

PubMed ID: 828120

Title: Distribution and release of human pancreatic polypeptide.

PubMed ID: 828120

DOI: 10.1136/gut.17.12.940

PubMed ID: 514078

Title: Effect of endurance exercise training on plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentration during exercise.

PubMed ID: 514078

DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(79)90129-x

PubMed ID: 7592911

Title: Cloning and functional expression of a human Y4 subtype receptor for pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and peptide YY.

PubMed ID: 7592911

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.45.26762

PubMed ID: 7493937

Title: Cloning of a human receptor of the NPY receptor family with high affinity for pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY.

PubMed ID: 7493937

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.49.29123

PubMed ID: 24291217

Title: Treating obesity: is it all in the gut?

PubMed ID: 24291217

DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.025

PubMed ID: 15966750

Title: Strongly altered receptor binding properties in PP and NPY chimeras are accompanied by changes in structure and membrane binding.

PubMed ID: 15966750

DOI: 10.1021/bi0501232

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 95
  • Mass: 10445
  • Checksum: 44F0265092F9C4A0
  • Sequence:
    • MAAARLCLSL LLLSTCVALL LQPLLGAQGA PLEPVYPGDN ATPEQMAQYA ADLRRYINML 
TRPRYGKRHK EDTLAFSEWG SPHAAVPREL SPLDL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.