Details for: IAPP

Gene ID: 3375

Symbol: IAPP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121351

Description: islet amyloid polypeptide

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 8.2934
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 5.0465
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 3.2406
    Cell Significance Index: 81.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.0296
    Cell Significance Index: 185.7500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 1.7816
    Cell Significance Index: 29.9700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.1586
    Cell Significance Index: 25.1000
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.0953
    Cell Significance Index: 26.5300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 1.0735
    Cell Significance Index: 670.3700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 1.0544
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8175
    Cell Significance Index: 155.5800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6778
    Cell Significance Index: 67.0500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5137
    Cell Significance Index: 463.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.4345
    Cell Significance Index: 49.6000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 0.4218
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3398
    Cell Significance Index: 55.2700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3115
    Cell Significance Index: 33.8800
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.2844
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.2815
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.2482
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0900
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.2441
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2310
    Cell Significance Index: 39.4400
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.2245
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2140
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1669
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1516
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1193
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.1004
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5100
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.0685
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0679
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9100
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: 0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0279
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0323
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** IAPP is a small peptide hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 3.5 kDa. It is produced by pancreatic beta cells and is co-secreted with insulin in response to glucose stimulation. IAPP has a unique structure, consisting of two alpha-helices and a disulfide bond, which contributes to its stability and function. The peptide hormone has a high affinity for amyloid-beta peptides, which can lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils, a hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. **Pathways and Functions** IAPP plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including: 1. **Amylin Receptor Signaling Pathway**: IAPP binds to its receptor, amylin receptor 1 (AMR1), which triggers a signaling cascade that inhibits glucagon secretion and promotes insulin secretion. 2. **Amyloid Fiber Formation**: IAPP's high affinity for amyloid-beta peptides can lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils, which are implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. 3. **Apoptotic Process**: IAPP has been shown to regulate apoptotic processes, including the activation of caspases and the inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins. 4. **Bone Resorption**: IAPP has been implicated in the regulation of bone resorption, with studies suggesting that it inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activation. 5. **Calcitonin-Like Ligand Receptors**: IAPP binds to calcitonin-like receptors, which are involved in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. **Clinical Significance** IAPP has been implicated in various diseases and disorders, including: 1. **Diabetes**: IAPP has been shown to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes, with studies suggesting that it can inhibit insulin secretion and promote glucagon secretion. 2. **Alzheimer's Disease**: IAPP's role in amyloid fiber formation has led to speculation that it may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. 3. **Bone Disorders**: IAPP's regulation of bone resorption has led to interest in its potential use as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of bone disorders, including osteoporosis. 4. **Pain Perception**: IAPP has been implicated in the regulation of pain perception, with studies suggesting that it may contribute to the development of chronic pain conditions. In conclusion, IAPP is a multifunctional peptide hormone with a complex role in regulating various physiological processes. Its involvement in amyloid fiber formation, bone resorption, and pain perception highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases and disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which IAPP regulates these processes and to explore its potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 2524831350

Symbol: IAPP_HUMAN

Name: Islet amyloid polypeptide

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P10997 Q0ZD87 Q14598

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 16 EMDB 25 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 24 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 48 PDBsum 48 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2651160

Title: The complete islet amyloid polypeptide precursor is encoded by two exons.

PubMed ID: 2651160

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81260-8

PubMed ID: 2608057

Title: Human islet amyloid polypeptide gene: complete nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary history.

PubMed ID: 2608057

DOI: 10.1210/mend-3-11-1775

PubMed ID: 3053705

Title: An islet amyloid peptide is derived from an 89-amino acid precursor by proteolytic processing.

PubMed ID: 3053705

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77825-9

PubMed ID: 2365085

Title: The human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene. Organization, chromosomal localization and functional identification of a promoter region.

PubMed ID: 2365085

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80314-9

PubMed ID: 2223885

Title: Islet amyloid polypeptide: structure and upstream sequences of the IAPP gene in rat and man.

PubMed ID: 2223885

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(90)90210-s

PubMed ID: 1282806

Title: Characterization of the human islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin gene transcripts: identification of a new polyadenylation site.

PubMed ID: 1282806

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90255-j

PubMed ID: 17374526

Title: Cloning and expression of human islet amyloid polypeptide in cultured cells.

PubMed ID: 17374526

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.016

PubMed ID: 3181427

Title: Islet amyloid polypeptide: identification and chromosomal localization of the human gene.

PubMed ID: 3181427

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80922-0

PubMed ID: 3317417

Title: Purification and characterization of a peptide from amyloid-rich pancreases of type 2 diabetic patients.

PubMed ID: 3317417

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8628

PubMed ID: 2666169

Title: Sequence divergence in a specific region of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) explains differences in islet amyloid formation between species.

PubMed ID: 2666169

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81467-x

PubMed ID: 2091067

Title: Isolation and identification of islet amyloid polypeptide in normal human pancreas.

PubMed ID: 2091067

DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(90)90004-g

PubMed ID: 3535798

Title: A novel peptide in the calcitonin gene related peptide family as an amyloid fibril protein in the endocrine pancreas.

PubMed ID: 3535798

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90708-4

PubMed ID: 3035556

Title: Amyloid fibrils in human insulinoma and islets of Langerhans of the diabetic cat are derived from a neuropeptide-like protein also present in normal islet cells.

PubMed ID: 3035556

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3881

PubMed ID: 2690069

Title: Molecular and functional characterization of amylin, a peptide associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed ID: 2690069

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9662

PubMed ID: 2039456

Title: Solution structures of calcitonin-gene-related-peptide analogues of calcitonin-gene-related peptide and amylin.

PubMed ID: 2039456

DOI: 10.1042/bj2750785

PubMed ID: 12717720

Title: Conformational preferences of the amylin nucleation site in SDS micelles: an NMR study.

PubMed ID: 12717720

DOI: 10.1002/bip.10305

PubMed ID: 17051221

Title: Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism.

PubMed ID: 17051221

DOI: 10.1038/nature05143

PubMed ID: 19244249

Title: Dynamic alpha-helix structure of micelle-bound human amylin.

PubMed ID: 19244249

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809085200

PubMed ID: 19475663

Title: Atomic structures of IAPP (amylin) fusions suggest a mechanism for fibrillation and the role of insulin in the process.

PubMed ID: 19475663

DOI: 10.1002/pro.145

PubMed ID: 8772735

Title: Missense mutation of amylin gene (S20G) in Japanese NIDDM patients.

PubMed ID: 8772735

DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.9.1279

PubMed ID: 9794116

Title: Role of S20G mutation of amylin gene in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and type II diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese patients.

PubMed ID: 9794116

DOI: 10.1007/s001250051060

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 89
  • Mass: 9806
  • Checksum: AA8B1F7FD9FCB4BD
  • Sequence:
    • MGILKLQVFL IVLSVALNHL KATPIESHQV EKRKCNTATC ATQRLANFLV HSSNNFGAIL 
SSTNVGSNTY GKRNAVEVLK REPLNYLPL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.