Details for: GC

Gene ID: 2638

Symbol: GC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145321

Description: GC vitamin D binding protein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 7.0322
    Cell Significance Index: 26.4900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 4.4274
    Cell Significance Index: 74.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.3938
    Cell Significance Index: 208.0700
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 2.7837
    Cell Significance Index: 36.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 2.0474
    Cell Significance Index: 65.5800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.8340
    Cell Significance Index: 27.0700
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.7973
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.5744
    Cell Significance Index: 312.4400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.2805
    Cell Significance Index: 58.0400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.8601
    Cell Significance Index: 21.5000
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.7146
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 0.6641
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9900
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.6482
    Cell Significance Index: 15.7000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5975
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5622
    Cell Significance Index: 55.6200
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 0.5413
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5096
    Cell Significance Index: 460.1700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.5030
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.5023
    Cell Significance Index: 57.3400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 0.4978
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.4535
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4008
    Cell Significance Index: 24.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3909
    Cell Significance Index: 42.5200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.3838
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0300
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.3736
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.3440
    Cell Significance Index: 50.0000
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.3397
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6100
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.3177
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3123
    Cell Significance Index: 50.8000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.2242
    Cell Significance Index: 26.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2185
    Cell Significance Index: 41.5900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2160
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.2092
    Cell Significance Index: 23.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.0847
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: 0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0489
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: duodenum glandular cell (CL1001589)
    Fold Change: 0.0279
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0175
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7000
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0280
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2300
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0333
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0625
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0653
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0684
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.0704
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0754
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0766
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0798
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1200
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0832
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: -0.0851
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.0862
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.0991
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: -0.1027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1034
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.1061
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1094
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.1105
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1112
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Vitamin D Binding**: GC is a vitamin D-binding protein that facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues. 2. **Significant Expression**: This gene is significantly expressed in cells involved in immune responses, such as double-negative thymocytes, endothelial cells, and enteroendocrine cells. 3. **Metabolic Pathways**: GC is involved in lipid and steroid metabolism, as well as vitamin D metabolism, highlighting its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 4. **Cellular Localization**: GC is localized to the cytosol, extracellular space, and lysosomal lumen, indicating its involvement in various cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Vitamin D Metabolism**: GC facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues, including immune cells and metabolic pathways. 2. **Immune Response**: GC is significantly expressed in cells involved in immune responses, such as double-negative thymocytes and endothelial cells, highlighting its role in maintaining immune homeostasis. 3. **Metabolic Pathways**: GC is involved in lipid and steroid metabolism, as well as vitamin D metabolism, indicating its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 4. **Transport**: GC facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Vitamin D Deficiency**: GC's role in vitamin D metabolism highlights its potential as a biomarker for vitamin D deficiency, which is associated with various diseases, including osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders. 2. **Immune System Disorders**: GC's involvement in immune responses makes it a potential target for the treatment of immune system disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Metabolic Disorders**: GC's role in lipid and steroid metabolism highlights its potential as a biomarker for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. 4. **Cancer**: GC's expression in enteroendocrine cells and endothelial cells suggests its potential involvement in cancer development and progression, particularly in relation to vitamin D metabolism. In conclusion, the GC gene plays a crucial role in the immune system and metabolism, facilitated by its vitamin D-binding function. Its significant expression in cells involved in immune responses and metabolic pathways highlights its importance in maintaining immune homeostasis and overall health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical significance of GC in various diseases and disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 837591088

Symbol: VTDB_HUMAN

Name: Vitamin D-binding protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02774 B4DPP2 D6RAK8 Q16309 Q16310 Q53F31 Q6GTG1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 6 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 20 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 IDEAL 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 6 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2416779

Title: Serum vitamin D-binding protein is a third member of the albumin and alpha fetoprotein gene family.

PubMed ID: 2416779

DOI: 10.1172/jci112256

PubMed ID: 2415977

Title: Human group-specific component (Gc) is a member of the albumin family.

PubMed ID: 2415977

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.7994

PubMed ID: 7505619

Title: Sequence and organization of the human vitamin D-binding protein gene.

PubMed ID: 7505619

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90005-x

PubMed ID: 8325650

Title: Complete structure of the human Gc gene: differences and similarities between members of the albumin gene family.

PubMed ID: 8325650

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1258

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2958390

Title: The vitamin D-binding protein gene contains conserved nucleotide sequences that respond to heavy metal, adipocyte and mitotic signals.

PubMed ID: 2958390

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90499-9

PubMed ID: 2423133

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component): evidence of a three-fold internal homology as in serum albumin and alpha-fetoprotein.

PubMed ID: 2423133

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90173-1

PubMed ID: 218624

Title: Molecular basis for the three major forms of human serum vitamin D binding protein (group-specific component).

PubMed ID: 218624

DOI: 10.1021/bi00575a036

PubMed ID: 20079467

Title: The glycosylation and characterization of the candidate Gc macrophage activating factor.

PubMed ID: 20079467

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.022

PubMed ID: 7725672

Title: Characterization of mutants of the vitamin-D-binding protein/group specific component: GC aborigine (1A1) from Australian aborigines and South African blacks, and 2A9 from south Germany.

PubMed ID: 7725672

DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02545.x

PubMed ID: 16302727

Title: Gc protein (vitamin D-binding protein): Gc genotyping and GcMAF precursor activity.

PubMed ID: 16302727

PubMed ID: 17360250

Title: Protein chemical characterization of Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) isoforms; Gc-1f, Gc-1s and Gc-2.

PubMed ID: 17360250

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.01.005

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 1352271

Title: Molecular analysis of the gene for the human vitamin-D-binding protein (group-specific component): allelic differences of the common genetic GC types.

PubMed ID: 1352271

DOI: 10.1007/bf00194311

PubMed ID: 11799400

Title: A structural basis for the unique binding features of the human vitamin D-binding protein.

PubMed ID: 11799400

DOI: 10.1038/nsb754

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 474
  • Mass: 52918
  • Checksum: 484BF163B54A43E6
  • Sequence:
    • MKRVLVLLLA VAFGHALERG RDYEKNKVCK EFSHLGKEDF TSLSLVLYSR KFPSGTFEQV 
SQLVKEVVSL TEACCAEGAD PDCYDTRTSA LSAKSCESNS PFPVHPGTAE CCTKEGLERK 
LCMAALKHQP QEFPTYVEPT NDEICEAFRK DPKEYANQFM WEYSTNYGQA PLSLLVSYTK 
SYLSMVGSCC TSASPTVCFL KERLQLKHLS LLTTLSNRVC SQYAAYGEKK SRLSNLIKLA 
QKVPTADLED VLPLAEDITN ILSKCCESAS EDCMAKELPE HTVKLCDNLS TKNSKFEDCC 
QEKTAMDVFV CTYFMPAAQL PELPDVELPT NKDVCDPGNT KVMDKYTFEL SRRTHLPEVF 
LSKVLEPTLK SLGECCDVED STTCFNAKGP LLKKELSSFI DKGQELCADY SENTFTEYKK 
KLAERLKAKL PDATPTELAK LVNKHSDFAS NCCSINSPPL YCDSEIDAEL KNIL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.