Details for: GC

Gene ID: 2638

Symbol: GC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145321

Description: GC vitamin D binding protein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 5.47
    Marker Score: 17,934
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 3.43
    Marker Score: 4,737
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.49
    Marker Score: 13,409
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 936
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 797
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 837
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 2,105
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 1,994
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Marker Score: 8,285
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Marker Score: 11,593
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1,169
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1,796
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 860
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 337
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 2,696
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 572
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 1,634
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 853
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,813
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1,208
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 501
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 708
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 2,071
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 687
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,822
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 517
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,047
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 507
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 613
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,408
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 460
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,347
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 372
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,740
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,296
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 487
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 474
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 330
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1,258
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 707
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 11,397
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 283
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 460
  • Cell Name: type I enteroendocrine cell (CL0002277)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 178
  • Cell Name: amacrine cell (CL0000561)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 2,226
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 188
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 663
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 346
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 1,378
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 173
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 111
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 186
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 440
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 212
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 186
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 199
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 612
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 685
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 157
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 543
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 225
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 497
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 212
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 85
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 1,245
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 96
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 145
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 271
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 105
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 45
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: GIP cell (CL0002278)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 41

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Vitamin D Binding**: GC is a vitamin D-binding protein that facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues. 2. **Significant Expression**: This gene is significantly expressed in cells involved in immune responses, such as double-negative thymocytes, endothelial cells, and enteroendocrine cells. 3. **Metabolic Pathways**: GC is involved in lipid and steroid metabolism, as well as vitamin D metabolism, highlighting its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 4. **Cellular Localization**: GC is localized to the cytosol, extracellular space, and lysosomal lumen, indicating its involvement in various cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Vitamin D Metabolism**: GC facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues, including immune cells and metabolic pathways. 2. **Immune Response**: GC is significantly expressed in cells involved in immune responses, such as double-negative thymocytes and endothelial cells, highlighting its role in maintaining immune homeostasis. 3. **Metabolic Pathways**: GC is involved in lipid and steroid metabolism, as well as vitamin D metabolism, indicating its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 4. **Transport**: GC facilitates the transport of vitamin D across cell membranes, regulating its activity in various tissues. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Vitamin D Deficiency**: GC's role in vitamin D metabolism highlights its potential as a biomarker for vitamin D deficiency, which is associated with various diseases, including osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders. 2. **Immune System Disorders**: GC's involvement in immune responses makes it a potential target for the treatment of immune system disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Metabolic Disorders**: GC's role in lipid and steroid metabolism highlights its potential as a biomarker for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. 4. **Cancer**: GC's expression in enteroendocrine cells and endothelial cells suggests its potential involvement in cancer development and progression, particularly in relation to vitamin D metabolism. In conclusion, the GC gene plays a crucial role in the immune system and metabolism, facilitated by its vitamin D-binding function. Its significant expression in cells involved in immune responses and metabolic pathways highlights its importance in maintaining immune homeostasis and overall health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical significance of GC in various diseases and disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 837591088

Symbol: VTDB_HUMAN

Name: Vitamin D-binding protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02774 B4DPP2 D6RAK8 Q16309 Q16310 Q53F31 Q6GTG1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 6 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 20 EPD 1 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 IDEAL 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 10 PDBsum 6 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SWISS-2DPAGE 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2416779

Title: Serum vitamin D-binding protein is a third member of the albumin and alpha fetoprotein gene family.

PubMed ID: 2416779

DOI: 10.1172/jci112256

PubMed ID: 2415977

Title: Human group-specific component (Gc) is a member of the albumin family.

PubMed ID: 2415977

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.7994

PubMed ID: 7505619

Title: Sequence and organization of the human vitamin D-binding protein gene.

PubMed ID: 7505619

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90005-x

PubMed ID: 8325650

Title: Complete structure of the human Gc gene: differences and similarities between members of the albumin gene family.

PubMed ID: 8325650

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1258

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2958390

Title: The vitamin D-binding protein gene contains conserved nucleotide sequences that respond to heavy metal, adipocyte and mitotic signals.

PubMed ID: 2958390

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90499-9

PubMed ID: 2423133

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component): evidence of a three-fold internal homology as in serum albumin and alpha-fetoprotein.

PubMed ID: 2423133

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90173-1

PubMed ID: 218624

Title: Molecular basis for the three major forms of human serum vitamin D binding protein (group-specific component).

PubMed ID: 218624

DOI: 10.1021/bi00575a036

PubMed ID: 20079467

Title: The glycosylation and characterization of the candidate Gc macrophage activating factor.

PubMed ID: 20079467

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.022

PubMed ID: 7725672

Title: Characterization of mutants of the vitamin-D-binding protein/group specific component: GC aborigine (1A1) from Australian aborigines and South African blacks, and 2A9 from south Germany.

PubMed ID: 7725672

DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02545.x

PubMed ID: 16302727

Title: Gc protein (vitamin D-binding protein): Gc genotyping and GcMAF precursor activity.

PubMed ID: 16302727

PubMed ID: 17360250

Title: Protein chemical characterization of Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) isoforms; Gc-1f, Gc-1s and Gc-2.

PubMed ID: 17360250

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.01.005

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 1352271

Title: Molecular analysis of the gene for the human vitamin-D-binding protein (group-specific component): allelic differences of the common genetic GC types.

PubMed ID: 1352271

DOI: 10.1007/bf00194311

PubMed ID: 11799400

Title: A structural basis for the unique binding features of the human vitamin D-binding protein.

PubMed ID: 11799400

DOI: 10.1038/nsb754

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 474
  • Mass: 52918
  • Checksum: 484BF163B54A43E6
  • Sequence:
    • MKRVLVLLLA VAFGHALERG RDYEKNKVCK EFSHLGKEDF TSLSLVLYSR KFPSGTFEQV 
SQLVKEVVSL TEACCAEGAD PDCYDTRTSA LSAKSCESNS PFPVHPGTAE CCTKEGLERK 
LCMAALKHQP QEFPTYVEPT NDEICEAFRK DPKEYANQFM WEYSTNYGQA PLSLLVSYTK 
SYLSMVGSCC TSASPTVCFL KERLQLKHLS LLTTLSNRVC SQYAAYGEKK SRLSNLIKLA 
QKVPTADLED VLPLAEDITN ILSKCCESAS EDCMAKELPE HTVKLCDNLS TKNSKFEDCC 
QEKTAMDVFV CTYFMPAAQL PELPDVELPT NKDVCDPGNT KVMDKYTFEL SRRTHLPEVF 
LSKVLEPTLK SLGECCDVED STTCFNAKGP LLKKELSSFI DKGQELCADY SENTFTEYKK 
KLAERLKAKL PDATPTELAK LVNKHSDFAS NCCSINSPPL YCDSEIDAEL KNIL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.