Details for: CL0000066

Cell ID: CL0000066

Cell Name: epithelial cell

Marker Score Threshold: 1591
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina.

Synonyms: epitheliocyte

Image representation

Depiction of epithelial cell
Courtesy of SwissBioPics

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 3.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 3.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 3.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 3.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 3.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 2.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
    Fold Change: 2.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH2 (ENSG00000111275)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111275
  • Gene Symbol: BLVRB (ENSG00000090013)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090013
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: KLF5 (ENSG00000102554)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102554
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA4 (ENSG00000196975)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196975
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: AK2 (ENSG00000004455)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004455
  • Gene Symbol: ADH5 (ENSG00000197894)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197894
  • Gene Symbol: ARL2 (ENSG00000213465)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213465
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: BAD (ENSG00000002330)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000002330
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A4 (ENSG00000151729)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151729
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA1 (ENSG00000135046)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135046
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: RHOC (ENSG00000155366)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155366
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: ATF3 (ENSG00000162772)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162772
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: AAMP (ENSG00000127837)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127837
  • Gene Symbol: ARL1 (ENSG00000120805)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120805
  • Gene Symbol: ACAA1 (ENSG00000060971)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060971
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT1 (ENSG00000075239)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075239
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: CCND1 (ENSG00000110092)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110092
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: AQP3 (ENSG00000165272)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165272
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH1A1 (ENSG00000165092)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165092
  • Gene Symbol: ASL (ENSG00000126522)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126522
  • Gene Symbol: AP2B1 (ENSG00000006125)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000006125
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3 (ENSG00000176171)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176171
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: AREG (ENSG00000109321)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109321
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6AP1 (ENSG00000071553)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000071553
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174437
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH3A2 (ENSG00000072210)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072210
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH9A1 (ENSG00000143149)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143149
  • Gene Symbol: ALCAM (ENSG00000170017)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170017
  • Gene Symbol: AK1 (ENSG00000106992)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106992
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: ARF3 (ENSG00000134287)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134287
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT2 (ENSG00000120437)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120437
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ABCF1 (ENSG00000204574)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204574
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: BLVRA (ENSG00000106605)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106605
  • Gene Symbol: GET3 (ENSG00000198356)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198356
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Cytoskeleton**: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support, shape, and mechanical properties to the cell. 2. **Cell Polarity**: Epithelial cells exhibit cell polarity, with distinct apical and basal parts that are organized to facilitate specific functions. 3. **Apical and Basal Parts**: The apical part of the cell is directed towards the lumen, while the basal part is directed towards the basal lamina. 4. **Adherens Junctions**: Adherens junctions are cell-to-cell contact sites that mediate adhesion and signaling between epithelial cells. 5. **Tight Junctions**: Tight junctions are specialized adherens junctions that control the passage of molecules and ions across the epithelial barrier. 6. **Cytokine Signaling**: Epithelial cells can produce and respond to cytokines, which are signaling molecules involved in immune responses and inflammation. 7. **Cellular Differentiation**: Epithelial cells can differentiate into various types, such as keratinocytes, epithelial cells, and goblet cells. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Barrier Function**: Epithelial cells form a barrier that prevents the passage of pathogens, toxins, and other substances into the body. 2. **Immune Response**: Epithelial cells play a crucial role in immune responses, including the presentation of antigens to immune cells and the production of cytokines. 3. **Disease**: Epithelial cells are involved in various diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and respiratory diseases. 4. **Infection**: Epithelial cells can be infected by pathogens, leading to diseases such as influenza, HIV, and tuberculosis. 5. **Cancer**: Epithelial cells can undergo malignant transformation, leading to cancer. 6. **Regenerative Medicine**: Epithelial cells can be used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues and organs. In conclusion, epithelial cells are a critical component of the human body, and their dysfunction can lead to various diseases and disorders. Understanding the biology of epithelial cells is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and treatments for various diseases.