Details for: GAST

Gene ID: 2520

Symbol: GAST

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184502

Description: gastrin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 6.8491
    Cell Significance Index: 86.7400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.0485
    Cell Significance Index: 64.2800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.7184
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0100
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.5533
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3694
    Cell Significance Index: 70.3100
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.2519
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0800
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 0.2266
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1679
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1540
    Cell Significance Index: 139.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.1173
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9500
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.1138
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7600
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.0943
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0907
    Cell Significance Index: 14.7500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0871
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8000
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0511
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8400
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.0386
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0439
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0499
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0552
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0554
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: -0.0565
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite cell (CL0000594)
    Fold Change: -0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0621
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0651
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7800
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0660
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0752
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: -0.0812
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.0937
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0975
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: airway submucosal gland duct basal cell (CL4033024)
    Fold Change: -0.0987
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: -0.1012
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: -0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.1161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1226
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1351
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3000
  • Cell Name: peridermal cell (CL0000078)
    Fold Change: -0.1684
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: -0.1691
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.1741
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.1794
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1921
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1961
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2012
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2068
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5400
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.2108
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2114
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2159
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2162
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8900
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.2304
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.2373
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2384
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2200
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: -0.2491
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.2498
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2531
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Structure**: Gastrin is a disulfide-bonded peptide hormone consisting of 17 amino acids. Its structure is highly conserved across species, with a characteristic sequence of amino acids that determines its biological activity. 2. **Expression**: Gastrin is primarily expressed in G cells, a type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach and duodenum. It is also present in other cell types, including T cells, glandular epithelial cells, and plasma cells. 3. **Function**: Gastrin stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach to secrete gastric acid, which is essential for protein digestion and nutrient absorption. 4. **Regulation**: Gastrin's release is triggered by food intake, particularly proteins, and is also influenced by various physiological and pathological conditions, such as inflammation, infection, and cancer. **Pathways and Functions** Gastrin's signaling pathway involves a complex interplay of molecular interactions. Upon binding to its receptor, the gastrin CCK2 receptor (CCK2R), gastrin activates a G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that ultimately leads to the stimulation of parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. This process involves the activation of various downstream signaling molecules, including PKC (protein kinase C) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). The gastrin-creb signaling pathway is another important mechanism by which gastrin exerts its effects. This pathway involves the activation of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in gastric acid secretion. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of gastrin and its signaling pathways has been implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, including: 1. **Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)**: Elevated gastrin levels have been associated with the development of GERD, a condition characterized by the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. 2. **Zollinger-Ellison syndrome**: This rare disorder is caused by a gastrinoma, a type of tumor that produces excess gastrin, leading to severe peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal complications. 3. **Peptic ulcers**: Gastrin's role in stimulating gastric acid secretion makes it a potential target for the treatment of peptic ulcers. 4. **Cancer**: Gastrin's signaling pathway has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, gastrin is a critical regulator of the stomach's hormonal balance, and its dysregulation has significant clinical implications. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying gastrin's signaling pathways and its role in various gastrointestinal disorders will likely lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these conditions.

Genular Protein ID: 917804236

Symbol: GAST_HUMAN

Name: Gastrin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01350 P78463 P78464

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 8 EMDB 3 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3034736

Title: Expression of human gastrin gene in normal and gastrinoma tissues.

PubMed ID: 3034736

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90338-0

PubMed ID: 6087340

Title: Structural analysis of the gene encoding human gastrin: the large intron contains an Alu sequence.

PubMed ID: 6087340

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4662

PubMed ID: 6324077

Title: Molecular cloning of the human gastrin gene.

PubMed ID: 6324077

DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.23.8197

PubMed ID: 6574456

Title: Molecular cloning of human gastrin cDNA: evidence for evolution of gastrin by gene duplication.

PubMed ID: 6574456

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2866

PubMed ID: 6322186

Title: Structure of a human gastrin gene.

PubMed ID: 6322186

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1067

PubMed ID: 6689486

Title: Molecular cloning of human gastrin precursor cDNA.

PubMed ID: 6689486

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90035-5

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8055952

Title: Identification of gastrin component I as gastrin-71. The largest possible bioactive progastrin product.

PubMed ID: 8055952

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19051.x

PubMed ID: 5921183

Title: Structures of human gastrins I and II.

PubMed ID: 5921183

DOI: 10.1038/209583b0

PubMed ID: 2730647

Title: Purification and structural determination of urinary NH2-terminal big gastrin fragments.

PubMed ID: 2730647

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80154-8

PubMed ID: 5822140

Title: Aminoacid constitution of two gastrins isolated from Zollinger-Ellison tumour tissue.

PubMed ID: 5822140

DOI: 10.1136/gut.10.8.603

PubMed ID: 3223964

Title: The human gastrin precursor. Characterization of phosphorylated forms and fragments.

PubMed ID: 3223964

DOI: 10.1042/bj2560951

PubMed ID: 7530658

Title: Post-poly(Glu) cleavage and degradation modified by O-sulfated tyrosine: a novel post-translational processing mechanism.

PubMed ID: 7530658

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07013.x

PubMed ID: 7621822

Title: Tyrosine O-sulfation promotes proteolytic processing of progastrin.

PubMed ID: 7621822

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07310.x

PubMed ID: 11052986

Title: Metabolism and acid secretory effect of sulfated and nonsulfated gastrin-6 in humans.

PubMed ID: 11052986

DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.5.g903

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 101
  • Mass: 11394
  • Checksum: A03C847FCFE7216C
  • Sequence:
    • MQRLCVYVLI FALALAAFSE ASWKPRSQQP DAPLGTGANR DLELPWLEQQ GPASHHRRQL 
GPQGPPHLVA DPSKKQGPWL EEEEEAYGWM DFGRRSAEDE N

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.