Details for: STAR

Gene ID: 6770

Symbol: STAR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147465

Description: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 28.6090
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 22.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 589.7600
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 20.5660
    Cell Significance Index: 102.6000
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 17.8791
    Cell Significance Index: 105.0400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 17.3570
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 7.3177
    Cell Significance Index: 93.7200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 3.6822
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5400
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 1.4660
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1300
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.8957
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3700
  • Cell Name: obsolete somatic cell (CL0002371)
    Fold Change: 0.7849
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9500
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 0.7847
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.6457
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.5189
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.5181
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3924
    Cell Significance Index: 53.8900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3226
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.2647
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2193
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1827
    Cell Significance Index: 29.7200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.1758
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1617
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1523
    Cell Significance Index: 28.9900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1374
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: 84.0900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.1024
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.0994
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0915
    Cell Significance Index: 40.4700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0744
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7800
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0402
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9900
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0465
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0514
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0518
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0525
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0649
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0711
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0742
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0748
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0771
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0786
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0814
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0700
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0834
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6100
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0850
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0956
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0961
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0979
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1027
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.1052
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1061
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.1080
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1122
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** STAR is a mitochondrial protein that belongs to the annexin family of proteins. It is specifically expressed in cells involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, including adrenal cortical cells, Leydig cells, and theca cells. STAR is characterized by its ability to regulate the expression of genes involved in the steroidogenic pathway, including cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase (P450c17). STAR also interacts with other proteins, such as P450scc, to modulate the activity of the steroidogenic pathway. **Pathways and Functions:** STAR is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Steroidogenic pathway:** STAR regulates the expression of genes involved in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first step in steroid hormone biosynthesis. 2. **Cholesterol metabolism:** STAR modulates the activity of P450scc, which is responsible for the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. 3. **Glucocorticoid metabolism:** STAR is involved in the regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthesis, including the production of cortisol. 4. **Intracellular cholesterol transport:** STAR regulates the transport of cholesterol within cells, ensuring the availability of cholesterol for steroid hormone biosynthesis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of STAR has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH):** Mutations in the STAR gene have been identified as a cause of CAH, a disorder characterized by impaired steroid hormone biosynthesis. 2. **Adrenal insufficiency:** STAR deficiency has been linked to adrenal insufficiency, a condition characterized by impaired cortisol production. 3. **Hypertension:** STAR has been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure, and dysregulation of STAR has been linked to hypertension. 4. **Cancer:** STAR has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapy, particularly in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers. In conclusion, STAR is a critical regulator of steroid hormone biosynthesis, and its dysregulation has significant implications for human health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which STAR regulates steroid hormone biosynthesis and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 500677191

Symbol: STAR_HUMAN

Name: Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P49675 Q16396

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 11 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 11 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 3 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 2 TreeFam 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7761400

Title: Human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein: functional activity in COS-1 cells, tissue-specific expression, and mapping of the structural gene to 8p11.2 and a pseudogene to chromosome 13.

PubMed ID: 7761400

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.11.4778

PubMed ID: 7547998

Title: Structure of the human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene: StAR stimulates mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase activity.

PubMed ID: 7547998

DOI: 10.1021/bi00039a004

PubMed ID: 7548191

Title: The human steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene is expressed in the urogenital system and encodes a mitochondrial polypeptide.

PubMed ID: 7548191

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00140-8

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10548884

Title: The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR): a window into the complexities of intracellular cholesterol trafficking.

PubMed ID: 10548884

PubMed ID: 21738568

Title: Comparative structural analysis of lipid binding START domains.

PubMed ID: 21738568

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019521

PubMed ID: 7892608

Title: Role of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis.

PubMed ID: 7892608

DOI: 10.1126/science.7892608

PubMed ID: 8948562

Title: The pathophysiology and genetics of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

PubMed ID: 8948562

DOI: 10.1056/nejm199612193352503

PubMed ID: 9097960

Title: Analysis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene in Japanese patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

PubMed ID: 9097960

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.571

PubMed ID: 9452116

Title: A novel frameshift mutation 840delA and a novel polymorphism D203A in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene in a Japanese patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

PubMed ID: 9452116

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110195

PubMed ID: 10566637

Title: A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene in a patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

PubMed ID: 10566637

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.11.6118

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 285
  • Mass: 31914
  • Checksum: 2683086C20DE88AB
  • Sequence:
    • MLLATFKLCA GSSYRHMRNM KGLRQQAVMA ISQELNRRAL GGPTPSTWIN QVRRRSSLLG 
SRLEETLYSD QELAYLQQGE EAMQKALGIL SNQEGWKKES QQDNGDKVMS KVVPDVGKVF 
RLEVVVDQPM ERLYEELVER MEAMGEWNPN VKEIKVLQKI GKDTFITHEL AAEAAGNLVG 
PRDFVSVRCA KRRGSTCVLA GMATDFGNMP EQKGVIRAEH GPTCMVLHPL AGSPSKTKLT 
WLLSIDLKGW LPKSIINQVL SQTQVDFANH LRKRLESHPA SEARC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.