COX1 | ENSG00000198804 | NCBI 4512

Details for: COX1

Gene ID: 4512

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: COX1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198804

Description: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport
(R-HSA-1428517)
Cellular responses to stimuli
(R-HSA-8953897)
Cellular responses to stress
(R-HSA-2262752)
Cellular response to chemical stress
(R-HSA-9711123)
Complex iv assembly
(R-HSA-9864848)
Cytoprotection by hmox1
(R-HSA-9707564)
Gene expression (transcription)
(R-HSA-74160)
Generic transcription pathway
(R-HSA-212436)
Metabolism
(R-HSA-1430728)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Mitochondrial protein degradation
(R-HSA-9837999)
Respiratory electron transport
(R-HSA-611105)
Rna polymerase ii transcription
(R-HSA-73857)
Tp53 regulates metabolic genes
(R-HSA-5628897)
Transcriptional regulation by tp53
(R-HSA-3700989)
Aerobic respiration
(GO:0009060)
Cellular respiration
(GO:0045333)
Cerebellum development
(GO:0021549)
Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
(GO:0004129)
Heme binding
(GO:0020037)
Metal ion binding
(GO:0046872)
Mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen
(GO:0006123)
Mitochondrial inner membrane
(GO:0005743)
Mitochondrial membrane
(GO:0031966)
Mitochondrion
(GO:0005739)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Respiratory chain complex iv
(GO:0045277)
Respiratory electron transport chain
(GO:0022904)
Response to copper ion
(GO:0046688)
Response to electrical stimulus
(GO:0051602)
Response to hypoxia
(GO:0001666)
Response to oxidative stress
(GO:0006979)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939

CSI 150.05

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.14
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 134.48

rCSI 89.39%

PRS 0.06
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 131.96

rCSI 88.9%

PRS 0.06
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 131.01

rCSI 98.24%

PRS 0.15
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 122.49

rCSI 86.03%

PRS 0.15
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 122.45

rCSI 92%

PRS 0.05
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 120.99

rCSI 93.8%

PRS 0.05
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 120.72

rCSI 71.29%

PRS 0.07
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 120.37

rCSI 94.69%

PRS 0.06
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 117.19

rCSI 81.47%

PRS 0.06
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 114.05

rCSI 85.14%

PRS 0.08
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 113.77

rCSI 87.65%

PRS 0.04
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 113.44

rCSI 79.2%

PRS 0.05
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 111

rCSI 82.47%

PRS 0.07
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 110.95

rCSI 87.7%

PRS 0.03
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 110.86

rCSI 98.4%

PRS 0.05
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 110.79

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 109.42

rCSI 88.91%

PRS 0.05
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 109.2

rCSI 88.23%

PRS 0.13
alpha-beta T cell CL0000789

CSI 108.83

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.09
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 108.41

rCSI 90.87%

PRS 0.06
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 108.39

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 107.91

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 106.54

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 105.82

rCSI 79.19%

PRS 0.08
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 105.35

rCSI 91.58%

PRS 0.06
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 104.95

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
naive B cell CL0000788

CSI 104.63

rCSI 89.74%

PRS 0.16
melanocyte CL0000148

CSI 104.05

rCSI 77.06%

PRS 0.05
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 104.05

rCSI 95.53%

PRS 0.06
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 102.77

rCSI 90.37%

PRS 0.05
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913

CSI 99.83

rCSI 90.93%

PRS 0.08
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 99.53

rCSI 80.48%

PRS 0.05
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 98.18

rCSI 96.56%

PRS 0.06
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 97.79

rCSI 97.59%

PRS 0.04
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 97.01

rCSI 73.38%

PRS 0.07
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 96.37

rCSI 87.03%

PRS 0.04
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 95.59

rCSI 66.53%

PRS 0.07
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 94.54

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.09
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 94.27

rCSI 74.85%

PRS 0.09
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 94.23

rCSI 73.29%

PRS 0.07
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 93.42

rCSI 77.36%

PRS 0.05
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 92.59

rCSI 80.17%

PRS 0.06
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 90.46

rCSI 89.33%

PRS 0.22
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 89.95

rCSI 94.01%

PRS 0.05
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 89.37

rCSI 75.2%

PRS 0.08
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 89.03

rCSI 78.2%

PRS 0.06
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 89.02

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.08
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 88.9

rCSI 93.13%

PRS 0.05
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909

CSI 88.15

rCSI 92.06%

PRS 0.16
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI 87.65

rCSI 86.08%

PRS 0.08
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 85.82

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.06
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 85.15

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.06
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 84.58

rCSI 87.62%

PRS 0.06
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 84.54

rCSI 86.17%

PRS 0.07
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 83.67

rCSI 87.65%

PRS 0.05
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 82.06

rCSI 95.17%

PRS 0.07
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 80.14

rCSI 99.67%

PRS 0.05
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 79.39

rCSI 56.99%

PRS 0.07
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 79.12

rCSI 92.93%

PRS 0.51
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 75.2

rCSI 96.44%

PRS 0.06
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 75.12

rCSI 90.74%

PRS 0.06
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 74.11

rCSI 63.89%

PRS 0.08
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 73.6

rCSI 61.02%

PRS 0.05
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 73.44

rCSI 58.83%

PRS 0.09
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 73.42

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.06
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 73.38

rCSI 70.56%

PRS 0.11
enteroendocrine cell CL0000164

CSI 73.19

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.06
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 72.23

rCSI 66.77%

PRS 0.09
colonocyte CL1000347

CSI 71.62

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.07
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 71.51

rCSI 89.74%

PRS 0.06
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 71.32

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.08
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 70.4

rCSI 90.04%

PRS 0.23
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 69.88

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.08
paneth cell CL0000510

CSI 69.62

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.08
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 69.23

rCSI 52.65%

PRS 0.07
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 69.15

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.07
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 69.09

rCSI 91.82%

PRS 0.05
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 68.99

rCSI 85.92%

PRS 0.07
pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063

CSI 68.9

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.08
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 68.66

rCSI 75.19%

PRS 0.06
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 68.47

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.05
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 67.77

rCSI 92.35%

PRS 0.05
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895

CSI 66.1

rCSI 83.06%

PRS 0.27
lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI 65.82

rCSI 97.35%

PRS 0.06
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000624

CSI 65.04

rCSI 83.23%

PRS 1.11
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 64.93

rCSI 88.44%

PRS 0.12
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 63.54

rCSI 53.04%

PRS 0.42
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 63.29

rCSI 81.22%

PRS 0.05
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 63.16

rCSI 96.46%

PRS 0.05
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 63.09

rCSI 75.73%

PRS 0.05
classical monocyte CL0000860

CSI 62.95

rCSI 93.33%

PRS 0.61
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 62.88

rCSI 72.61%

PRS 0.05
enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504

CSI 62.3

rCSI 88.91%

PRS 0.06
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 62.28

rCSI 71.3%

PRS 0.1
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 62.11

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.06
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 62

rCSI 93.55%

PRS 0.05
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 61.96

rCSI 94.77%

PRS 0.08
club cell CL0000158

CSI 61.69

rCSI 90.36%

PRS 0.06
brush cell CL0002204

CSI 61.25

rCSI 100%

PRS 0.15

vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051

CSI -59.8

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
mature microglial cell CL0002629

CSI -47.4

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.4%
cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012

CSI -46.6

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
Bergmann glial cell CL0000644

CSI -45.4

rCSI -62.1%

PRS 0.1%
astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605

CSI -45.2

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.0%
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI -44.5

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
mature astrocyte CL0002627

CSI -42.8

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.2%
kidney interstitial fibroblast CL1000692

CSI -38.4

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.4%
neural cell CL0002319

CSI -37.6

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548

CSI -34.7

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431

CSI -31.9

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.4%
inhibitory interneuron CL0000498

CSI -29.7

rCSI -68.5%

PRS 0.1%
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI -27.9

rCSI -82.3%

PRS 0.1%
adipocyte CL0000136

CSI -23.0

rCSI -29.6%

PRS 0.1%
differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059

CSI -22.1

rCSI -40.2%

PRS 0.1%
ependymal cell CL0000065

CSI -21.2

rCSI -43.1%

PRS 0.0%
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI -21.1

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.1%
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI -20.2

rCSI -65.6%

PRS 0.1%
serous secreting cell CL0000313

CSI -20.0

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.3%
macroglial cell CL0000126

CSI -19.3

rCSI -49.5%

PRS 0.1%
kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432

CSI -17.9

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.2%
interneuron CL0000099

CSI -17.3

rCSI -34.8%

PRS 0.0%
kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000838

CSI -16.3

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 1.2%
GABAergic neuron CL0000617

CSI -16.3

rCSI -54.6%

PRS 0.1%
S cone cell CL0003050

CSI -15.8

rCSI -69.6%

PRS 0.1%
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI -14.0

rCSI -76.6%

PRS 0.3%
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI -13.7

rCSI -55.3%

PRS 0.1%
cerebellar granule cell CL0001031

CSI -13.6

rCSI -20.1%

PRS 0.1%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI -13.1

rCSI -81.5%

PRS 0.1%
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI -12.9

rCSI -22.4%

PRS 0.0%
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI -12.7

rCSI -51.2%

PRS 0.3%
neutrophil CL0000775

CSI -12.0

rCSI -67.0%

PRS 0.2%
exhausted T cell CL0011025

CSI -11.0

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.3%
kidney granular cell CL0000648

CSI -10.5

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 0.8%
OFFx cell CL4033036

CSI -9.1

rCSI -42.8%

PRS 0.2%
fast muscle cell CL0000190

CSI -8.7

rCSI -34.1%

PRS 0.4%
diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032

CSI -8.1

rCSI -42.5%

PRS 0.2%
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI -7.8

rCSI -15.0%

PRS 0.1%
mural cell CL0008034

CSI -7.8

rCSI -26.3%

PRS 0.2%
Schwann cell CL0002573

CSI -7.1

rCSI -20.1%

PRS 0.1%
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI -6.9

rCSI -30.3%

PRS 0.1%
kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106

CSI -6.0

rCSI -51.6%

PRS 0.1%
retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748

CSI -5.5

rCSI -10.2%

PRS 0.0%
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI -5.0

rCSI -14.4%

PRS 0.1%
diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027

CSI -5.0

rCSI -37.4%

PRS 0.2%
diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028

CSI -4.7

rCSI -36.5%

PRS 0.2%
glutamatergic neuron CL0000679

CSI -4.5

rCSI -9.3%

PRS 0.1%
platelet CL0000233

CSI -4.4

rCSI -18.4%

PRS 0.2%
diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030

CSI -4.0

rCSI -26.4%

PRS 0.2%
professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145

CSI -3.8

rCSI -13.2%

PRS 0.1%
invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034

CSI -3.8

rCSI -22.5%

PRS 0.2%
flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033

CSI -3.6

rCSI -25.6%

PRS 0.2%
L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041

CSI -3.5

rCSI -12.5%

PRS 0.0%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI -3.4

rCSI -11.1%

PRS 0.1%
kidney resident macrophage CL1000698

CSI -3.4

rCSI -67.4%

PRS 1.4%
immature innate lymphoid cell CL0001082

CSI -2.7

rCSI -83.3%

PRS 1.0%
sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017

CSI -2.2

rCSI -2.8%

PRS 0.0%
pericyte CL0000669

CSI -2.1

rCSI -5.7%

PRS 1.2%
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI -1.9

rCSI -6.3%

PRS 0.1%
contractile cell CL0000183

CSI -1.6

rCSI -4.7%

PRS 0.2%
mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570

CSI -1.4

rCSI -7.6%

PRS 0.2%
hepatic stellate cell CL0000632

CSI -0.9

rCSI -3.2%

PRS 0.0%
diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031

CSI -0.8

rCSI -9.0%

PRS 0.3%
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI -0.5

rCSI -0.6%

PRS 0.0%
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 0.0%
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 0.0%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 0.5

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 0.1%
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI 0.6

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 0.0%
ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046

CSI 0.7

rCSI 14.3%

PRS 0.1%
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI 0.8

rCSI 16.6%

PRS 0.1%
glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 0.1%
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 0.1%
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI 1.0

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 0.0%
group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001078

CSI 1.2

rCSI 26.1%

PRS 1.2%
forebrain neuroblast CL1000042

CSI 1.2

rCSI 13.4%

PRS 0.9%
fibroblast CL0000057

CSI 1.4

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 0.4%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 1.4

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 0.0%
slow muscle cell CL0000189

CSI 1.5

rCSI 19.4%

PRS 0.9%
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 1.5

rCSI 16.2%

PRS 0.1%
corneal epithelial cell CL0000575

CSI 1.6

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 0.1%
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849

CSI 1.6

rCSI 16.7%

PRS 0.1%
pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 0.0%
serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005

CSI 1.9

rCSI 10.7%

PRS 0.3%
odontoblast CL0000060

CSI 2.0

rCSI 45.6%

PRS 0.3%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 2.1

rCSI 9.1%

PRS 0.1%
near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012

CSI 2.1

rCSI 7.8%

PRS 0.0%
retinal rod cell CL0000604

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 0.1%
ON-bipolar cell CL0000749

CSI 2.5

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 0.1%
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI 2.6

rCSI 8.9%

PRS 0.1%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 2.8

rCSI 84.7%

PRS 0.1%
L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040

CSI 2.9

rCSI 7.0%

PRS 0.0%
B-1 B cell CL0000819

CSI 2.9

rCSI 74.5%

PRS 0.3%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 3.0

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 0.1%
NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001080

CSI 3.1

rCSI 96.2%

PRS 0.7%
eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287

CSI 3.2

rCSI 35.8%

PRS 0.3%
decidual natural killer cell, human CL0002343

CSI 3.2

rCSI 32.9%

PRS 0.5%
diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029

CSI 3.3

rCSI 22.1%

PRS 0.1%
osteoblast CL0000062

CSI 3.3

rCSI 83.2%

PRS 0.5%
mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021

CSI 3.4

rCSI 88.0%

PRS 0.3%
H2 horizontal cell CL0004218

CSI 3.4

rCSI 16.7%

PRS 0.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [COX1](/details-gene/4512), or Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, is a protein-coding gene located in the mitochondrial genome. It encodes a core catalytic subunit of Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This complex is responsible for the final step in oxidative phosphorylation, transferring electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Consistent with this fundamental role in energy production, [COX1](/details-gene/4512) shows significant expression in metabolically active cells, particularly diverse lymphocyte populations such as `[natural killer cells](/details-cell/CL0000939)` and T cells, as well as `[hematopoietic stem cells](/details-cell/CL0000037)`. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial diseases, including Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ([1322638](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1322638/)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) serves as a direct indicator of cellular reliance on aerobic respiration. **Overall**, its significance is highest in cell types with high energy demands for proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. The gene is a prominent marker across the hematopoietic system, with top significance scores observed in both the innate and adaptive immune compartments. This includes `[CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human](/details-cell/CL0000939)`, `[central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000907)`, `[plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980)`, and `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)`. High expression in `[epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632)` further suggests a critical role in maintaining barrier integrity and function in tissues with high metabolic turnover. In stark contrast, [COX1](/details-gene/4512) shows low to negative significance scores in various cell types of the central nervous system and in structural tissues. Its lack of prominence in `[cerebral cortex neuron](/details-cell/CL0010012)`, `[mature astrocyte](/details-cell/CL0002627)`, and `[mature microglial cell](/details-cell/CL0002629)` under baseline conditions may suggest that these cells have a comparatively lower or different metabolic profile than highly active immune cells. Similarly, its low significance in `[kidney interstitial fibroblast](/details-cell/CL1000692)` and `[adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)` highlights its specialized role in high-energy processes rather than as a universally expressed housekeeping gene. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [COX1](/details-gene/4512) is fundamentally involved in cellular energy metabolism through its role in `[aerobic respiration](/details-go/GO:0009060)`. As a core component of `[respiratory chain complex IV](/details-go/GO:0045277)`, it is localized to the `[mitochondrial inner membrane](/details-go/GO:0005743)`. Its primary molecular function is `[cytochrome-c oxidase activity](/details-go/GO:0004129)`, which is the terminal enzymatic step in the `[respiratory electron transport chain](/details-go/GO:0022904)`, as detailed in the Reactome pathway `[Respiratory electron transport](/details-reactome/R-HSA-611105)`. This process is critical for establishing the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. The assembly of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) into a functional Complex IV is a highly regulated process involving specific chaperone proteins, such as MITRAC7 ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.009)). Beyond its canonical role in respiration, [COX1](/details-gene/4512) is also implicated in cellular stress responses, including `[response to hypoxia](/details-go/GO:0001666)` and `[response to oxidative stress](/details-go/GO:0006979)`, highlighting its position at the nexus of oxygen utilization and the generation of reactive oxygen species. ## Research Directions The distinct expression pattern of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) provides a basis for investigating metabolic dependencies in different cell types, particularly in the context of immune activation and neurological disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The high significance of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) in effector and memory lymphocytes suggests that its expression level is a rate-limiting factor for immune cell activation. It is hypothesized that targeted inhibition of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) function would selectively impair the proliferative burst and effector functions (e.g., cytotoxicity, cytokine production) of T cells and NK cells following stimulation. 2. The comparatively low baseline expression of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) in neuronal populations may represent a metabolic vulnerability. It is hypothesized that cells like `[cerebral cortex neurons](/details-cell/CL0010012)` have a limited respiratory reserve capacity, making them disproportionately susceptible to cellular damage when faced with pathogenic mutations in [COX1](/details-gene/4512) or other mitochondrial stressors that demand increased energy production. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding immune cell activation, one could isolate primary human `[naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000900)` and reduce [COX1](/details-gene/4512) expression using lentiviral-mediated shRNA. Control and knockdown cells would then be activated *in vitro* with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. The functional consequences would be assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using a Seahorse XF Analyzer to directly quantify mitochondrial respiration. Parallel assays would measure cell proliferation via CFSE dilution and effector cytokine secretion (e.g., IFN-gamma) by ELISA, directly linking [COX1](/details-gene/4512)-dependent respiration to key T cell functions. **Therapeutic Potential:** Due to its essential and ubiquitous role in cellular respiration, systemic inhibition of [COX1](/details-gene/4512) would likely result in severe toxicity, making it an unsuitable target for inhibitory drugs. However, in the context of mitochondrial diseases caused by pathogenic [COX1](/details-gene/4512) mutations, such as those cataloged in OMIM ([516030](https://omim.org/entry/516030)), therapeutic strategies would focus on restoration or augmentation of its function. This could involve mitochondrial-targeted gene therapy to deliver a functional copy of the gene or the development of small molecules that enhance the stability or activity of the partially functional Complex IV. Therefore, [COX1](/details-gene/4512) is a potential target for corrective, rather than inhibitory, therapeutic intervention.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1

Genular Protein ID: 2059656603

Symbol: COX1_HUMAN

Name: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P00395 Q34770

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7219534

Title: Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.

PubMed ID: 7219534

DOI: 10.1038/290457a0

PubMed ID: 7530363

Title: Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs.

PubMed ID: 7530363

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.2.532

PubMed ID: 12949126

Title: Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J.

PubMed ID: 12949126

DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg230

PubMed ID: 11130070

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans.

PubMed ID: 11130070

DOI: 10.1038/35047064

PubMed ID: 12840039

Title: Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines.

PubMed ID: 12840039

DOI: 10.1101/gr.686603

PubMed ID: 14760490

Title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms over the entire mtDNA genome that increase the power of forensic testing in Caucasians.

PubMed ID: 14760490

DOI: 10.1007/s00414-004-0427-6

PubMed ID: 6260957

Title: Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing.

PubMed ID: 6260957

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5

PubMed ID: 10577941

Title: Heterogenous point mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA Ser(UCN) precursor coexisting with the A1555G mutation in deaf students from Mongolia.

PubMed ID: 10577941

DOI: 10.1086/302658

PubMed ID: 26321642

Title: MITRAC7 acts as a COX1-specific chaperone and reveals a checkpoint during cytochrome c oxidase assembly.

PubMed ID: 26321642

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.009

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 29154948

Title: The mitochondrial TMEM177 associates with COX20 during COX2 biogenesis.

PubMed ID: 29154948

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.010

PubMed ID: 28844695

Title: Architecture of human mitochondrial respiratory megacomplex I2III2IV2.

PubMed ID: 28844695

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.050

PubMed ID: 30030519

Title: Structure of the intact 14-subunit human cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed ID: 30030519

DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0071-1

PubMed ID: 1757091

Title: Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base.

PubMed ID: 1757091

DOI: 10.1007/bf00206061

PubMed ID: 1322638

Title: A mitochondrial DNA variant, identified in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients, which extends the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.

PubMed ID: 1322638

PubMed ID: 9389715

Title: Heteroplasmic point mutations of mitochondrial DNA affecting subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase in two patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia.

PubMed ID: 9389715

PubMed ID: 9851701

Title: MtDNA mutations associated with sideroblastic anaemia cause a defect of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed ID: 9851701

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2580132.x

PubMed ID: 10980727

Title: Recurrent myoglobinuria due to a nonsense mutation in the COX I gene of mitochondrial DNA.

PubMed ID: 10980727

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.5.644

PubMed ID: 12140182

Title: Metabolic consequences of a novel missense mutation of the mtDNA CO I gene.

PubMed ID: 12140182

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/11.16.1797

PubMed ID: 16284789

Title: Introducing a novel human mtDNA mutation into the Paracoccus denitrificans COX I gene explains functional deficits in a patient.

PubMed ID: 16284789

DOI: 10.1007/s10048-005-0015-z

PubMed ID: 16407113

Title: Mitochondrial DNA mutations are established in human colonic stem cells, and mutated clones expand by crypt fission.

PubMed ID: 16407113

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505903103

PubMed ID: 19218458

Title: A mitochondrial DNA mutation linked to colon cancer results in proton leaks in cytochrome c oxidase.

PubMed ID: 19218458

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811450106

Sequence Information:

Length: 513
Mass: 57041
Checksum: DBCBFE808650AE0D
Sequence:

MFADRWLFST NHKDIGTLYL LFGAWAGVLG TALSLLIRAE LGQPGNLLGN DHIYNVIVTA 
HAFVMIFFMV MPIMIGGFGN WLVPLMIGAP DMAFPRMNNM SFWLLPPSLL LLLASAMVEA 
GAGTGWTVYP PLAGNYSHPG ASVDLTIFSL HLAGVSSILG AINFITTIIN MKPPAMTQYQ 
TPLFVWSVLI TAVLLLLSLP VLAAGITMLL TDRNLNTTFF DPAGGGDPIL YQHLFWFFGH 
PEVYILILPG FGMISHIVTY YSGKKEPFGY MGMVWAMMSI GFLGFIVWAH HMFTVGMDVD 
TRAYFTSATM IIAIPTGVKV FSWLATLHGS NMKWSAAVLW ALGFIFLFTV GGLTGIVLAN 
SSLDIVLHDT YYVVAHFHYV LSMGAVFAIM GGFIHWFPLF SGYTLDQTYA KIHFTIMFIG 
VNLTFFPQHF LGLSGMPRRY SDYPDAYTTW NILSSVGSFI SLTAVMLMIF MIWEAFASKR 
KVLMVEEPSM NLEWLYGCPP PYHTFEEPVY MKS

Details for: COX1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. PubMed ID: 7219534

Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. PubMed ID: 7530363

Lineage-specific selection in human mtDNA: lack of polymorphisms in a segment of MTND5 gene in haplogroup J. PubMed ID: 12949126

Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. PubMed ID: 11130070

Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines. PubMed ID: 12840039

Single nucleotide polymorphisms over the entire mtDNA genome that increase the power of forensic testing in Caucasians. PubMed ID: 14760490

Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. PubMed ID: 6260957

Heterogenous point mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA Ser(UCN) precursor coexisting with the A1555G mutation in deaf students from Mongolia. PubMed ID: 10577941

MITRAC7 acts as a COX1-specific chaperone and reveals a checkpoint during cytochrome c oxidase assembly. PubMed ID: 26321642

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712

The mitochondrial TMEM177 associates with COX20 during COX2 biogenesis. PubMed ID: 29154948

Architecture of human mitochondrial respiratory megacomplex I2III2IV2. PubMed ID: 28844695

Structure of the intact 14-subunit human cytochrome c oxidase. PubMed ID: 30030519

Normal variants of human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base. PubMed ID: 1757091

A mitochondrial DNA variant, identified in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients, which extends the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. PubMed ID: 1322638

Heteroplasmic point mutations of mitochondrial DNA affecting subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase in two patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia. PubMed ID: 9389715

MtDNA mutations associated with sideroblastic anaemia cause a defect of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. PubMed ID: 9851701

Recurrent myoglobinuria due to a nonsense mutation in the COX I gene of mitochondrial DNA. PubMed ID: 10980727

Metabolic consequences of a novel missense mutation of the mtDNA CO I gene. PubMed ID: 12140182

Introducing a novel human mtDNA mutation into the Paracoccus denitrificans COX I gene explains functional deficits in a patient. PubMed ID: 16284789

Mitochondrial DNA mutations are established in human colonic stem cells, and mutated clones expand by crypt fission. PubMed ID: 16407113

A mitochondrial DNA mutation linked to colon cancer results in proton leaks in cytochrome c oxidase. PubMed ID: 19218458