Details for: STMN2

Gene ID: 11075

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: STMN2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104435

Description: stathmin 2

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 68.54
    rCSI 87.96%
    PRS 95.07
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 58.73
    rCSI 80.03%
    PRS 93.87
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 40.98
    rCSI 60.25%
    PRS 94.1
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 37.61
    rCSI 29.73%
    PRS 94.5
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 36.28
    rCSI 53.66%
    PRS 96.89
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 36.09
    rCSI 31.11%
    PRS 96.95
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 34.55
    rCSI 76.33%
    PRS 91.59
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 34.27
    rCSI 35.9%
    PRS 97.32
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 28.13
    rCSI 27.66%
    PRS 97.16
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 26.96
    rCSI 31.14%
    PRS 92.83
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 26.57
    rCSI 56.5%
    PRS 93.01
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 25.78
    rCSI 32.08%
    PRS 89.69
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 24.5
    rCSI 33.48%
    PRS 95.18
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 24.16
    rCSI 71.32%
    PRS 96.72
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 22.58
    rCSI 36.02%
    PRS 92.93
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 22.42
    rCSI 36.72%
    PRS 93.89
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 22.13
    rCSI 44.43%
    PRS 94.51
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 22
    rCSI 38.57%
    PRS 95.39
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 21.37
    rCSI 43.35%
    PRS 86.42
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 21
    rCSI 36.32%
    PRS 94.76
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 20.69
    rCSI 47.21%
    PRS 93.87
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 20.36
    rCSI 24.32%
    PRS 91.18
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 19.94
    rCSI 71.75%
    PRS 89.89
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 19.93
    rCSI 25.69%
    PRS 91.82
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 19.79
    rCSI 33.22%
    PRS 91.32
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 19.52
    rCSI 27.12%
    PRS 96.46
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 19.36
    rCSI 78.87%
    PRS 92.18
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 19.13
    rCSI 39.68%
    PRS 96.09
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 18.37
    rCSI 73.13%
    PRS 97.05
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 18.21
    rCSI 44.25%
    PRS 89.63
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 17.75
    rCSI 39.31%
    PRS 96.65
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 17.18
    rCSI 38.53%
    PRS 91.45
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 16.97
    rCSI 45.18%
    PRS 89.01
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 16.56
    rCSI 29.24%
    PRS 90.96
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 16.54
    rCSI 51.73%
    PRS 92.81
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 16.41
    rCSI 22.45%
    PRS 93.06
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 16.09
    rCSI 25.88%
    PRS 91.64
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 15.88
    rCSI 49.62%
    PRS 91.78
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 15.84
    rCSI 59.77%
    PRS 88.77
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 15.62
    rCSI 50.12%
    PRS 96.83
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 15.08
    rCSI 42.43%
    PRS 95.42
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 15.01
    rCSI 28.12%
    PRS 92.69
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 14.72
    rCSI 33.97%
    PRS 92.28
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 13.88
    rCSI 88.91%
    PRS 92.79
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 12.73
    rCSI 48.09%
    PRS 91.08
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 12.63
    rCSI 19.25%
    PRS 95.22
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 12.33
    rCSI 69.67%
    PRS 90.88
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 11.94
    rCSI 21.45%
    PRS 94.19
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 11.59
    rCSI 90.81%
    PRS 96.77
  • cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111
    CSI 11.36
    rCSI 69.97%
    PRS 96.19
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 11.05
    rCSI 42.72%
    PRS 97.25
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 10.82
    rCSI 31.35%
    PRS 92.44
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 10.73
    rCSI 99.15%
    PRS 93.62
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 9.45
    rCSI 55.64%
    PRS 91.3
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 9.08
    rCSI 21.71%
    PRS 91
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 8.68
    rCSI 29.07%
    PRS 89.16
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 8.66
    rCSI 38.08%
    PRS 89.78
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 8.23
    rCSI 28.19%
    PRS 89.3
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 8.15
    rCSI 20.96%
    PRS 94.51
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 8.14
    rCSI 26.74%
    PRS 90.16
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 7.92
    rCSI 20.64%
    PRS 92.91
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 7.23
    rCSI 14.86%
    PRS 89.6
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 6.99
    rCSI 15.16%
    PRS 89.76
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 6.92
    rCSI 60.92%
    PRS 89.37
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 6.84
    rCSI 30.56%
    PRS 87.65
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 34.86%
    PRS 96.64
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 5.93
    rCSI 27.92%
    PRS 90.02
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 5.61
    rCSI 79.54%
    PRS 92.12
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 5.6
    rCSI 9.87%
    PRS 94.38
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 40.45%
    PRS 93.16
  • Purkinje cell CL0000121
    CSI 5.29
    rCSI 69.22%
    PRS 96.24
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 5.06
    rCSI 25.97%
    PRS 97.52
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 4.53
    rCSI 17.24%
    PRS 93.41
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 4.53
    rCSI 21.1%
    PRS 97.22
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 4.39
    rCSI 64.95%
    PRS 96.51
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 33.29%
    PRS 92
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 3.89
    rCSI 79.32%
    PRS 91.79
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 77.38%
    PRS 92
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 3.64
    rCSI 5.86%
    PRS 92.4
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 69.79%
    PRS 88.75
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 69.13%
    PRS 89
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 95.44
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 12.09%
    PRS 93.55
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 1.24
    rCSI 4.92%
    PRS 93.09
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 10.13%
    PRS 87.94
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 95.49
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 0.44
    rCSI 6.96%
    PRS 96.25

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) (Stathmin-2), also known as SCG10, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8q21.13. It is a member of the stathmin family of phosphoproteins, which are critical regulators of microtubule dynamics. The primary function of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) is to modulate the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules, a process essential for cell division, motility, and intracellular transport. Consistent with this role, [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) is highly and specifically expressed in cells of the nervous system, including [neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)](/details-cell/CL0000031) and [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032). Its function is particularly crucial for [neuron projection development](/details-cell/GO:0031175), such as neurite outgrowth and guidance, and it has been implicated in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(95)02001-2)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) strongly indicates a specialized role within the nervous and neuroendocrine systems. **Overall**, the gene shows its highest significance as a defining marker in neuronal and progenitor cell populations. Its most prominent expression is observed in developing and mature neurons, including [neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)](/details-cell/CL0000031) (CSI: 68.54), [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) (CSI: 58.73), [cerebellar granule cell](/details-cell/CL0001031) (CSI: 40.98), and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) (CSI: 34.55). The high significance in [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) and [progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011026) suggests an important function during the early stages of neural development. Furthermore, its expression extends to specialized neuroendocrine cells such as [lung neuroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL1000223), [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171), and [enteroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000164), highlighting its involvement in cell types that share neuronal characteristics. The notable expression in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) (CSI: 22.58) suggests its potential involvement in the pathophysiology of brain tumors. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) are centered on the dynamic regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Gene Ontology annotations confirm its role in processes such as [microtubule depolymerization](/details-cell/GO:0007019) and both the positive and negative regulation of [neuron projection development](/details-cell/GO:0010976). This dual regulatory capacity is critical for the precise control of neurite extension and retraction during neural circuit formation. Its molecular function is primarily mediated through direct [tubulin binding](/details-cell/GO:0015631), which sequesters tubulin dimers and prevents their incorporation into growing microtubules, thereby promoting depolymerization. Consistent with its cellular expression, [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) is localized to key neuronal compartments, including the [growth cone](/details-cell/GO:0030426), [neuron projection](/details-cell/GO:0043005), and [neuronal cell body](/details-cell/GO:0043025). Its activity is linked to upstream signaling cascades, as evidenced by its involvement in the [Rho gtpase cycle](/details-cell/R-HSA-9012999) and broader [signaling by rho gtpases](/details-cell/R-HSA-194315) pathways, which are master regulators of cytoskeletal organization in response to extracellular cues. Its function can also be modulated through protein-protein interactions, such as with BRI3 ([Link](https://doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.4.287)) and Calmyrin1 ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.023)), which fine-tune its impact on neurite outgrowth. ## Research Directions The specific expression of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) in the nervous system and its fundamental role in microtubule dynamics make it a key protein for understanding both neural development and disease. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Given its role in regulating neurite outgrowth and its documented association with Alzheimer's disease ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4580(95)02001-2)), it is hypothesized that post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) are dysregulated in neurodegenerative environments, leading to excessive microtubule instability and contributing to the axonal dystrophy and synaptic loss characteristic of these disorders. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** The significant expression of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) suggests that its overexpression or altered function promotes tumor cell invasion and migration. It is hypothesized that [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) enhances glioblastoma motility by facilitating rapid cytoskeletal remodeling, making it a potential driver of tumor progression. ### Experimental Approach To test Hypothesis 1, one could utilize iPSC-derived human neurons from both healthy controls and patients with familial Alzheimer's disease. The phosphorylation status of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) at key regulatory sites could be quantified using targeted mass spectrometry. Subsequently, phosphomimetic and phospho-dead mutants of [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) could be expressed in these neurons to assess their direct impact on microtubule stability (e.g., via live-cell imaging of fluorescently-tagged tubulin), neurite morphology, and resilience to amyloid-beta or tau-induced toxicity. ### Therapeutic Potential As an intracellular protein central to cytoskeletal dynamics, [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) is a challenging direct therapeutic target. However, its high specificity for the nervous system is a significant advantage, potentially minimizing off-target effects. For neurodegenerative diseases, a therapeutic strategy might focus on stabilizing [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) function to promote microtubule integrity and neuronal repair. This could involve developing small molecules that inhibit the kinases responsible for its destabilizing phosphorylations. Conversely, in the context of glioblastoma, inhibiting [STMN2](/details-gene/11075) could be a viable strategy to suppress tumor cell migration and proliferation. This could be achieved by targeting its protein-protein interactions or developing molecules that lock it in an inactive conformation.

Genular Protein ID: 4083189535

Symbol: STMN2_HUMAN

Name: Stathmin-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q93045 A8K9M2 G3V110 O14952 Q6PK68

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 11 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 21 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8622778

Title: SCG10, a neuron-specific growth-associated protein in Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 8622778

DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(95)02001-2

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16421571

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8.

PubMed ID: 16421571

DOI: 10.1038/nature04406

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15561718

Title: Systematic identification and analysis of mammalian small ubiquitin-like modifier substrates.

PubMed ID: 15561718

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411718200

PubMed ID: 18452648

Title: BRI3 associates with SCG10 and attenuates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.

PubMed ID: 18452648

DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.4.287

PubMed ID: 20621975

Title: KBP interacts with SCG10, linking Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome to microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation.

PubMed ID: 20621975

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq280

PubMed ID: 21215777

Title: Calmyrin1 binds to SCG10 protein (stathmin2) to modulate neurite outgrowth.

PubMed ID: 21215777

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.023

PubMed ID: 21471001

Title: Subcellular Golgi localization of stathmin family proteins is promoted by a specific set of DHHC palmitoyl transferases.

PubMed ID: 21471001

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0824

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 179
  • Mass: 20828
  • Checksum: F9A258A1B57E620D
  • Sequence:
    • MAKTAMAYKE KMKELSMLSL ICSCFYPEPR NINIYTYDDM EVKQINKRAS GQAFELILKP 
PSPISEAPRT LASPKKKDLS LEEIQKKLEA AEERRKSQEA QVLKQLAEKR EHEREVLQKA 
LEENNNFSKM AEEKLILKME QIKENREANL AAIIERLQEK ERHAAEVRRN KELQVELSG