Details for: CL0000498

Cell ID: CL0000498

Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron

Marker Score Threshold: 4626
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: An interneuron (also called relay neuron, association neuron or local circuit neuron) is a multipolar neuron which connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. Like motor neurons, interneuron cell bodies are always located in the central nervous system (CNS).

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ADGRB3 (ENSG00000135298)
    Fold Change: 4.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135298
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 4.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 4.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 4.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 3.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1B (ENSG00000148408)
    Fold Change: 3.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148408
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1A (ENSG00000141837)
    Fold Change: 3.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141837
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 3.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
    Fold Change: 3.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1C (ENSG00000151067)
    Fold Change: 3.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151067
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 3.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 3.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1D (ENSG00000157388)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157388
  • Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
  • Gene Symbol: BICD1 (ENSG00000151746)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151746
  • Gene Symbol: GRK3 (ENSG00000100077)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100077
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 2.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 2.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: ASTN1 (ENSG00000152092)
    Fold Change: 2.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152092
  • Gene Symbol: BRAF (ENSG00000157764)
    Fold Change: 2.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157764
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
  • Gene Symbol: KIF1A (ENSG00000130294)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130294
  • Gene Symbol: LDLRAD4 (ENSG00000168675)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168675
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 2.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
    Fold Change: 2.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
  • Gene Symbol: APBA1 (ENSG00000107282)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107282
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: AMPH (ENSG00000078053)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078053
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: ADARB2 (ENSG00000185736)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185736
  • Gene Symbol: ALK (ENSG00000171094)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171094
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174437
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
  • Gene Symbol: APC (ENSG00000134982)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134982
  • Gene Symbol: CACNB4 (ENSG00000182389)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182389
  • Gene Symbol: APBA2 (ENSG00000034053)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000034053
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B2 (ENSG00000157087)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157087
  • Gene Symbol: ABAT (ENSG00000183044)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183044
  • Gene Symbol: APBB2 (ENSG00000163697)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163697
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ALCAM (ENSG00000170017)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170017
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1A (ENSG00000114573)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114573
  • Gene Symbol: AUH (ENSG00000148090)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148090
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ADD2 (ENSG00000075340)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075340
  • Gene Symbol: APBB1 (ENSG00000166313)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166313
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA3 (ENSG00000167972)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167972
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA2D1 (ENSG00000153956)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153956
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: APLP1 (ENSG00000105290)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105290
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1E (ENSG00000198216)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198216
  • Gene Symbol: BCAT1 (ENSG00000060982)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060982
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY9 (ENSG00000162104)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162104
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: AP2B1 (ENSG00000006125)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000006125
  • Gene Symbol: ATR (ENSG00000175054)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175054
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR1A (ENSG00000107779)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107779
  • Gene Symbol: BACH1 (ENSG00000156273)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156273
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: ABL2 (ENSG00000143322)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143322
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: XIAP (ENSG00000101966)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101966
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY5 (ENSG00000173175)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173175
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: BCKDHB (ENSG00000083123)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000083123
  • Gene Symbol: ABL1 (ENSG00000097007)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000097007
  • Gene Symbol: AP2A2 (ENSG00000183020)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183020
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B2 (ENSG00000129244)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129244
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ADARB1 (ENSG00000197381)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197381
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ADGRB1 (ENSG00000181790)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000181790
  • Gene Symbol: ANK1 (ENSG00000029534)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000029534
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: BCL2 (ENSG00000171791)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171791
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: AARS1 (ENSG00000090861)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090861
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR2A (ENSG00000121989)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121989
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1A (ENSG00000120907)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: AP1G1 (ENSG00000166747)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166747
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR1B (ENSG00000135503)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135503
  • Gene Symbol: AGL (ENSG00000162688)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162688
  • Gene Symbol: CALD1 (ENSG00000122786)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122786
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B3 (ENSG00000067842)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067842
  • Gene Symbol: BCR (ENSG00000186716)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186716
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB1 (ENSG00000137486)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137486
Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Multipolar Neuron**: Interneurons are multipolar neurons, meaning they have one axon and multiple dendrites, which allow them to receive and integrate multiple inputs. 2. **Location in CNS**: Interneuron cell bodies are always located in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. 3. **Gene Symbols**: The cell is identified by three gene symbols: ADGRB3, ANK2, and ANK3, which are associated with various signaling pathways and cellular processes. 4. **Signaling Pathways**: The cell is involved in several signaling pathways, including adenylate cyclase-activating g protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and G protein-coupled receptor activity. 5. **Regulation of Synaptic Transmission**: The cell plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission, including the regulation of dendrite morphogenesis, synapse maturation, and synapse pruning. 6. **Neuronal Development**: The cell is involved in neuronal development, including the regulation of axon guidance, axonogenesis, and neuron projection. 7. **Cell Signaling**: The cell is involved in various cell signaling pathways, including the regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity, and sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Neurological Disorders**: Interneurons play a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal development, which are critical for maintaining normal neural function. Dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. 2. **Neurodevelopmental Disorders**: Interneurons are also involved in neuronal development, and dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 3. **Neuroinflammation**: Interneurons are also involved in regulating immune responses, including the regulation of cytokine signaling in the immune system. Dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in neuroinflammation, which is a hallmark of various neurological disorders. 4. **Neurological Diseases**: Interneurons are also involved in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal development, which are critical for maintaining normal neural function. Dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. In conclusion, the cell described in this entry is an inhibitory interneuron, a type of multipolar neuron that plays a crucial role in neural pathways. The cell is involved in regulating synaptic transmission, neuronal development, and cell signaling, and dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the function of interneurons and the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurological disorders.