Details for: CL0000540

Cell ID: CL0000540

Cell Name: neuron

Description: The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.

Synonyms: nerve cell

Image representation

Depiction of neuron
Courtesy of SwissBioPics

Genes (max top 100)

(Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the CSI Threshold for neuron to Cell Significance Index of neuron in specific gene. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.)

  • Gene Symbol: A1BG (ENSG00000121410)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121410
  • Gene Symbol: A2M (ENSG00000175899)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175899
  • Gene Symbol: A2MP1 (ENSG00000291190)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000291190
  • Gene Symbol: NAT1 (ENSG00000171428)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171428
  • Gene Symbol: NAT2 (ENSG00000156006)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156006
  • Gene Symbol: NATP (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: SERPINA3 (ENSG00000196136)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196136
  • Gene Symbol: AADAC (ENSG00000114771)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114771
  • Gene Symbol: AAMP (ENSG00000127837)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127837
  • Gene Symbol: AANAT (ENSG00000129673)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129673
  • Gene Symbol: AARS1 (ENSG00000090861)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090861
  • Gene Symbol: AAVS1 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ABAT (ENSG00000183044)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183044
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA1 (ENSG00000165029)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165029
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA2 (ENSG00000107331)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107331
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA3 (ENSG00000167972)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167972
  • Gene Symbol: ABCB7 (ENSG00000131269)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131269
  • Gene Symbol: ABCF1 (ENSG00000204574)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204574
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA4 (ENSG00000198691)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198691
  • Gene Symbol: ABL1 (ENSG00000097007)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000097007
  • Gene Symbol: AOC1 (ENSG00000002726)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000002726
  • Gene Symbol: ABL2 (ENSG00000143322)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143322
  • Gene Symbol: ABO (ENSG00000175164)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175164
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: ACAA1 (ENSG00000060971)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060971
  • Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
  • Gene Symbol: ACACB (ENSG00000076555)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000076555
  • Gene Symbol: ACADL (ENSG00000115361)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115361
  • Gene Symbol: ACADM (ENSG00000117054)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117054
  • Gene Symbol: ACADS (ENSG00000122971)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122971
  • Gene Symbol: ACADSB (ENSG00000196177)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196177
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT1 (ENSG00000075239)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075239
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT2 (ENSG00000120437)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120437
  • Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
  • Gene Symbol: ASIC1 (ENSG00000110881)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110881
  • Gene Symbol: ACHE (ENSG00000087085)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087085
  • Gene Symbol: ACLY (ENSG00000131473)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131473
  • Gene Symbol: ACO1 (ENSG00000122729)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122729
  • Gene Symbol: ACR (ENSG00000100312)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100312
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: ACOX1 (ENSG00000161533)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161533
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ACP2 (ENSG00000134575)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134575
  • Gene Symbol: ACP5 (ENSG00000102575)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102575
  • Gene Symbol: ACP3 (ENSG00000014257)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000014257
  • Gene Symbol: ACRV1 (ENSG00000134940)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134940
  • Gene Symbol: ACTA1 (ENSG00000143632)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143632
  • Gene Symbol: ACTA2 (ENSG00000107796)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107796
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP2 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP3 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP4 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP6 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP7 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP8 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTBP9 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTC1 (ENSG00000159251)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159251
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG2 (ENSG00000163017)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163017
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1P1 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1P2 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1P3 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1P9 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1P10 (N/A)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: N/A
  • Gene Symbol: ACTL6A (ENSG00000136518)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136518
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN1 (ENSG00000072110)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072110
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN2 (ENSG00000077522)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077522
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN3 (ENSG00000248746)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000248746
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR1 (ENSG00000115170)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115170
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR1B (ENSG00000135503)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135503
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR2A (ENSG00000121989)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121989
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR2B (ENSG00000114739)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114739
  • Gene Symbol: ACVRL1 (ENSG00000139567)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000139567
  • Gene Symbol: ACY1 (ENSG00000243989)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243989
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP1 (ENSG00000119640)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000119640
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
  • Gene Symbol: ADA (ENSG00000196839)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196839
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM8 (ENSG00000151651)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151651
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: ADARB1 (ENSG00000197381)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197381
  • Gene Symbol: ADARB2 (ENSG00000185736)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185736
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY2 (ENSG00000078295)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078295
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY3 (ENSG00000138031)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138031
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY5 (ENSG00000173175)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173175
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY6 (ENSG00000174233)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174233
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY7 (ENSG00000121281)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121281
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY9 (ENSG00000162104)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162104
  • Gene Symbol: ADCYAP1 (ENSG00000141433)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141433
  • Gene Symbol: ADCYAP1R1 (ENSG00000078549)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078549
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ADD2 (ENSG00000075340)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075340
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: PLIN2 (ENSG00000147872)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147872
  • Gene Symbol: ADH1A (ENSG00000187758)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187758
  • Gene Symbol: ADH1B (ENSG00000196616)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196616

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the CSI Threshold for neuron to Cell Significance Index of neuron in specific gene. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the CSI Threshold for neuron to Cell Significance Index of neuron in specific gene. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.
**Key Characteristics** * **Structure**: Neurons have a distinctive structure, consisting of a body (cell body), dendrites (branching extensions that receive signals), and an axon (long, thin extension that transmits signals to other neurons or to muscles or glands). * **Function**: Neurons play a crucial role in the transmission of information throughout the body, enabling us to perceive, process, and respond to stimuli. * **Synaptic transmission**: Neurons communicate with each other through synapses, specialized structures that allow chemical signals (neurotransmitters) to be released and bind to receptors on adjacent neurons. * **Receptors**: Neurons express a wide range of receptors, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and NMDA receptors, which respond to various neurotransmitters and regulate various physiological processes. **Clinical Significance** * **Neurological disorders**: Neurons are implicated in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, which are characterized by impaired neuronal function and communication. * **Neurological injuries**: Neurons are susceptible to injury, which can lead to permanent damage and impaired function. Understanding neuronal biology is essential for developing effective treatments for neurological injuries and disorders. * **Neurodevelopmental disorders**: Neurons are involved in the development of the nervous system, and abnormalities in neuronal development can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. * **Cognitive function**: Neurons play a critical role in cognitive processes, such as learning, memory, and attention, and dysfunction in these processes is associated with various cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). **Gene Expression and Regulation** * **GRM5**: The gene GRM5 encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, which is involved in regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. * **GRID2**: The gene GRID2 encodes the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), which is essential for maintaining synaptic structure and function. * **GRIN1**: The gene GRIN1 encodes the NMDA receptor 1 subunit, which is critical for regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. **Interactions and Signaling Pathways** * **Neurexins and neuroligins**: These proteins interact with receptors on the surface of neurons to regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. * **G protein-coupled receptors**: These receptors are involved in regulating various physiological processes, including synaptic transmission and neuronal development. * **Calcium signaling**: Calcium ions play a central role in neuronal signaling, regulating synaptic transmission, plasticity, and neuronal development. Overall, neurons are complex cells that play a critical role in the nervous system, and understanding their biology is essential for developing effective treatments for neurological disorders and injuries.