Details for: DRAXIN

Gene ID: 374946

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: DRAXIN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162490

Description: dorsal inhibitory axon guidance protein

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 7.18
    rCSI 15.27%
    PRS 96.26
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 9.01%
    PRS 97.06
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 4.23
    rCSI 5.87%
    PRS 98.45
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 3.87
    rCSI 12.98%
    PRS 92.8
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 5.98%
    PRS 96.06
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 4.69%
    PRS 97.61
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 96.17
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 93.06
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 8.1%
    PRS 98.43
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 96.56
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 9.44%
    PRS 92.85
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 5.33%
    PRS 95.55
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 2.27
    rCSI 8.65%
    PRS 96.02
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 95.26
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 6.46%
    PRS 93.55
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.57
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 98.23

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) (dorsal inhibitory axon guidance protein) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p36.22. It functions as a secreted protein, also known as Neucrin, that plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system. Its primary functions involve [axon guidance](/details-ontology/GO:0007411), particularly the negative regulation of axon extension, and the modulation of the [Wnt signaling pathway](/details-ontology/GO:0016055). Expression data reveals that [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) is highly significant in a range of neural cell types, including [progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011026)s, various [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099)s, and [radial glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000681)s, underscoring its specialized role in neurogenesis and the establishment of correct neuronal circuitry. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) strongly indicates a specialized function within the central nervous system. **Overall**, it demonstrates the highest significance in cells fundamental to brain development and function. The gene shows its most profound significance in [progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011026) (CSI: 7.18), [radial glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000681) (CSI: 4.23), and various neuroblast populations, suggesting a pivotal role during early neurogenesis, potentially in guiding the differentiation and migration of immature neurons. Its high significance in mature neuronal populations, such as [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) (CSI: 4.49), [GABAergic neuron](/details-cell/CL0000617) (CSI: 3.87), and [glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL0000679) (CSI: 3.37), is consistent with its established function in axon guidance and the maintenance of synaptic architecture in the adult brain. Notably, its expression in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) (CSI: 3.75) suggests it may also be involved in the pathophysiology of brain tumors. The collective expression pattern highlights [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) as a key molecular player in both the construction and function of neural circuits. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) operates primarily as an extracellular signaling molecule, consistent with its annotation in the '[Extracellular region](/details-ontology/GO:0005576)'. Its biological activities are centered on nervous system development and cell signaling. Key biological processes associated with [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) include '[Axon guidance](/details-ontology/GO:0007411)', '[Negative regulation of axon extension](/details-ontology/GO:0030517)', and the development of specific brain regions like the forebrain ('[Forebrain development](/details-ontology/GO:0030900)'). This aligns perfectly with its high expression in neurons and their progenitors, which require precise molecular cues to form complex networks. Furthermore, [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) is a documented antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling ('[Negative regulation of canonical wnt signaling pathway](/details-ontology/GO:0090090)'), a pathway crucial for cell fate determination and morphogenesis during development ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.113)). This function is likely integral to its role in guiding commissural neuron differentiation and dorsal spinal cord development. At the molecular level, it exhibits '[Protein binding](/details-ontology/GO:0005515)' and '[Molecular adaptor activity](/details-ontology/GO:0060090)', enabling its interaction with other proteins to mediate its guidance and signaling effects. ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern and known functions of [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) prompt several avenues for future investigation, particularly concerning its roles in disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030)s and its function as a secreted axon guidance molecule, [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) may be co-opted by glioblastoma cells to facilitate their invasion and migration through brain tissue, potentially by modulating Wnt signaling within the tumor microenvironment. 2. Based on its critical role in '[Anterior commissure morphogenesis](/details-ontology/GO:0021960)' and '[Axon guidance](/details-ontology/GO:0007411)', heterozygous loss-of-function variants in [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) could be a contributing factor to congenital neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum or other commissural defects. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) in glioblastoma, one could utilize a CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out the gene in patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. The impact of [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) loss on tumor cell behavior could be assessed using 3D spheroid invasion assays in Matrigel. Concurrently, RNA-sequencing could be performed on knockout and control cells to identify downstream transcriptional changes, with a specific focus on targets of the Wnt signaling pathway to mechanistically link [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) function to glioblastoma cell motility. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a secreted protein, [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946) is an accessible drug target. If it is validated as a pro-invasive factor in glioblastoma, it would represent a promising candidate for targeted **inhibition**. A therapeutic strategy could involve the development of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that binds to and sequesters extracellular [DRAXIN](/details-gene/374946), thereby inhibiting its ability to promote tumor cell migration. This approach could potentially reduce tumor infiltration and improve outcomes when used in combination with standard therapies.

Genular Protein ID: 893789500

Symbol: DRAXI_HUMAN

Name: Neucrin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8NBI3 B6EV15 Q5SNX0 Q6UWK8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 GO 12 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SASBDB 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 19857465

Title: Neucrin is a novel neural-specific secreted antagonist to canonical Wnt signaling.

PubMed ID: 19857465

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.113

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 16303743

Title: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.

PubMed ID: 16303743

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 349
  • Mass: 38650
  • Checksum: 8AC00A42A1AFB105
  • Sequence:
    • MAGPAIHTAP MLFLVLLLPL ELSLAGALAP GTPARNLPEN HIDLPGPALW TPQASHHRRR 
GPGKKEWGPG LPSQAQDGAV VTATRQASRL PEAEGLLPEQ SPAGLLQDKD LLLGLALPYP 
EKENRPPGWE RTRKRSREHK RRRDRLRLHQ GRALVRGPSS LMKKAELSEA QVLDAAMEES 
STSLAPTMFF LTTFEAAPAT EESLILPVTS LRPQQAQPRS DGEVMPTLDM ALFDWTDYED 
LKPDGWPSAK KKEKHRGKLS SDGNETSPAE GEPCDHHQDC LPGTCCDLRE HLCTPHNRGL 
NNKCFDDCMC VEGLRCYAKF HRNRRVTRRK GRCVEPETAN GDQGSFINV