Details for: PCAT19

Gene ID: 100505495

Gene Type:  ncRNA (Non-coding RNA)  - A functional RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA but not translated into a protein. Includes classes like miRNA and lncRNA.

Symbol: PCAT19

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000267107

Description: prostate cancer associated transcript 19

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 19.94
    rCSI 34.49%
    PRS 98.56
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 18.97
    rCSI 16.68%
    PRS 97.95
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 12.67
    rCSI 24.15%
    PRS 99.87
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 10.05
    rCSI 13.67%
    PRS 99.82
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 7.31
    rCSI 36.02%
    PRS 99.43
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 6.95
    rCSI 31.45%
    PRS 99.68
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 6.45
    rCSI 13.39%
    PRS 99.37
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 6.27
    rCSI 10.02%
    PRS 99.69
  • lung endothelial cell CL1001567
    CSI 6.15
    rCSI 14.35%
    PRS 99.86
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 5.56
    rCSI 38.16%
    PRS 99.67
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 5.13
    rCSI 10.18%
    PRS 99.31
  • capillary endothelial cell CL0002144
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 8.51%
    PRS 99.54
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 4.55
    rCSI 18.38%
    PRS 99.66
  • vein endothelial cell CL0002543
    CSI 4.54
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 99.54
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 9.89%
    PRS 99.58
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 20.75%
    PRS 99.9
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 13.87%
    PRS 98.33
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 99.8
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 15.76%
    PRS 99.77
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 46.9%
    PRS 99.47
  • endothelial cell of venule CL1000414
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 15.44%
    PRS 99.54
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 32.98%
    PRS 99.81
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 4.35%
    PRS 99.26

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) (Prostate Cancer Associated Transcript 19) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located on chromosome 19q13.2. While its name suggests a specific role in prostate cancer, expression data reveals a much broader significance as a key marker for endothelial cells across a wide range of tissues. **Overall**, it demonstrates highly significant expression in diverse endothelial populations, including those of the brain ([cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602)), lung ([pulmonary capillary endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL4028001)), and placenta ([endothelial cell of placenta](/details-cell/CL0009092)). Its consistent and prominent expression across the vasculature suggests a fundamental role in endothelial cell identity, function, or maintenance. Additionally, its high significance in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) indicates a potential secondary role in epithelial biology. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) strongly establishes its identity as a pan-endothelial marker. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance scores in a comprehensive array of endothelial cell types, indicating a core function in the vascular system. This includes microvasculature such as [pulmonary capillary endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL4028001) (CSI: 12.67) and specialized organ-specific endothelia like [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602) (CSI: 19.94) and [retinal blood vessel endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002585) (CSI: 6.27). The gene is also a prominent marker in larger vessels, including [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568) (CSI: 10.05), as well as the lymphatic system ([endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138), CSI: 5.13). This widespread pattern across arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelia suggests that [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) is likely involved in conserved, fundamental endothelial processes, such as maintaining vascular barrier integrity, regulating vessel tone, or participating in angiogenesis. Intriguingly, [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) is also a top marker in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 18.97), a functionally distinct lineage. This may point to a shared regulatory network between these two cell types or a separate, context-specific role for [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) in processes like mucociliary clearance. ## Pathways and Molecular Function While specific pathway annotations are not provided, the molecular identity of [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) as a lncRNA implies a role in gene regulation. LncRNAs can function as molecular scaffolds for protein complexes, act as decoys for microRNAs, or directly modulate the transcription of target genes. The gene's name, "prostate cancer associated transcript," combined with its profound enrichment in endothelial cells, strongly suggests a potential involvement in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a critical hallmark of cancer, supplying tumors with necessary oxygen and nutrients. It is plausible that [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) expression is upregulated in tumor-associated endothelial cells to promote this process. Its function in [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) remains less clear but could be related to cell differentiation or the maintenance of ciliary structures. ## Research Directions The available data positions [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) as a gene of significant interest at the intersection of vascular biology and oncology. Future research should aim to functionally characterize its role, particularly in pathological contexts like cancer. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) functions as a pro-angiogenic lncRNA, and its elevated expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells is essential for sustaining tumor growth and metastasis. 2. In [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067), [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) regulates the expression of key genes involved in ciliogenesis or mucociliary transport, and its dysregulation could contribute to chronic respiratory diseases. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) is a pro-angiogenic factor, a series of *in vitro* and *in vivo* experiments could be conducted. Initially, loss-of-function studies using siRNA or CRISPRi to silence [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) in primary endothelial cells (e.g., HUVECs) would be informative. The impact of its knockdown on key angiogenic processes could be measured using tube formation assays, cell migration (wound healing) assays, and proliferation assays. Subsequently, an *in vivo* tumor xenograft model, where cancer cells are co-implanted with endothelial cells expressing shRNA against [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495), could be used to assess its impact on tumor vascularization and growth. **Therapeutic Potential:** Given its putative role in promoting angiogenesis in cancer, [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) represents a potential therapeutic target. The therapeutic strategy would focus on **inhibition**. As an RNA molecule, it is amenable to targeting by nucleic acid-based therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or siRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticles. A key challenge would be achieving specific delivery to tumor-associated vasculature to avoid disrupting normal physiological angiogenesis and vascular maintenance, given its broad expression in healthy endothelial tissues. Therefore, developing a targeted delivery system would be critical for translating [PCAT19](/details-gene/100505495) inhibition into a viable anti-cancer therapy.