Details for: LAYN

Gene ID: 143903

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: LAYN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204381

Description: layilin

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 10.65
    rCSI 21.22%
    PRS 98.16
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 7.75
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 96.92
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 10.81%
    PRS 96.32
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 3.94%
    PRS 94.25
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 7.34%
    PRS 95.13
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 3.55
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 96.71
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 3.34
    rCSI 9.67%
    PRS 96.15
  • lung endothelial cell CL1001567
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 6.92%
    PRS 98.04
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 95.87
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 91.96
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 98.97
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 4.08%
    PRS 96.29
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 95.99
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 94.75
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 2.92%
    PRS 94.98
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 4.01%
    PRS 81.57
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 91.14
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 1.27
    rCSI 9.27%
    PRS 97.8
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.82
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 94.44
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.71
    rCSI 5.04%
    PRS 95.12

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) (layilin) is a protein-coding gene that encodes a type I integral membrane protein. Functionally, [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) is recognized as a receptor for hyaluronic acid, a major component of the extracellular matrix, as established in early characterization studies ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11294894/)). **Overall**, expression data reveals a dual significance for [LAYN](/details-gene/143903), marking it as a highly specific and significant molecule in distinct immune and structural cell populations. It shows exceptionally high significance in the '[CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000920)' subset, suggesting a key role in immune regulation. Concurrently, it is also a significant marker for various stromal and endothelial cells, including '[perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054)' and '[myoepithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000185)', highlighting its role in tissue architecture and cell-matrix interactions. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) underscores its importance in specialized cellular contexts, particularly within the immune system and at the interface of tissues and vasculature. **Overall**, the most significant expression is observed in a specific subset of suppressive T cells, the '[CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000920)' (CSI: 10.65), with notable significance also found in '[CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000792)' and '[group 3 innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001071)'. This pattern strongly suggests a functional role for [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) in modulating immune responses, potentially through mediating the localization or function of regulatory lymphocytes within tissues. Beyond the immune compartment, [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) is also highly significant in a variety of structural and barrier cells. It is a key marker for '[perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054)' (CSI: 7.75), indicating a role in blood vessel support and signaling. Its presence in multiple endothelial cell types, including '[endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138)' and '[lung endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001567)', as well as in contractile cells like '[myoepithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000185)' and '[enteric smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0002504)', is consistent with its function as a hyaluronic acid receptor involved in cell adhesion, migration, and maintenance of tissue integrity. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) are centered on its interaction with the extracellular matrix. Gene Ontology annotations classify it as having '[Carbohydrate binding](/details-go/GO:0030246)' activity, with a specific function in '[Hyaluronic acid binding](/details-go/GO:0005540)'. It is also annotated with a general '[Protein binding](/details-go/GO:0005515)' function, suggesting it may participate in larger protein complexes at the cell surface. Consistent with its role as a transmembrane receptor, [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) is localized to the '[Membrane](/details-go/GO:0016020)' and the '[Cell surface](/details-go/GO:0009986)'. Its enrichment in specific subcellular structures such as '[Focal adhesion](/details-go/GO:0005925)' sites and membrane '[Ruffle](/details-go/GO:0001726)' further supports a role in mediating cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and cell motility. This functional profile is highly relevant to both the trafficking of immune cells and the structural dynamics of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. ## Research Directions The unique expression pattern of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903), particularly its high significance in regulatory T cells, opens several avenues for future investigation into its role in health and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its premier significance in '[CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000920)', [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) is hypothesized to be a critical mediator of the suppressive function or tissue-specific homing of this T cell subset. Its binding to hyaluronic acid, which is often enriched in inflamed tissues or the tumor microenvironment, may be a key mechanism for localizing these cells and enabling their immunosuppressive activity. 2. Based on its high significance in '[perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054)' and various endothelial cells, [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) may regulate vascular stability and permeability by mediating the interaction between perivascular cells and the endothelial lining. Dysregulation of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) could contribute to pathologies involving vascular leakage, angiogenesis, or fibrosis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in regulatory T cell function, a conditional knockout of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) in the T cell lineage (e.g., using a *Foxp3-Cre* or *CD4-Cre* mouse model) would be highly informative. CD8+ regulatory T cells could be isolated from these knockout mice and compared to wild-type controls in *in vitro* suppression assays to directly assess their ability to inhibit effector T cell proliferation. Furthermore, challenging these mice in an *in vivo* model of cancer or autoimmunity would reveal whether the absence of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) on regulatory T cells alters disease progression by impairing their ability to control immune responses. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a cell surface protein highly expressed on regulatory T cells, [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) represents a promising therapeutic target, particularly in immuno-oncology. The **inhibition** of [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) function, for example via a blocking monoclonal antibody, could prevent the infiltration or suppressive activity of regulatory T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Such a strategy could synergize with checkpoint inhibitors to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Conversely, in the context of autoimmune disease, agonizing or activating [LAYN](/details-gene/143903) could be explored as a strategy to bolster regulatory T cell function and restore immune tolerance.

Genular Protein ID: 3951788366

Symbol: LAYN_HUMAN

Name: Layilin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q6UX15 A6NJB0 B4DJU0 Q8TAY8 Q96NC5 Q96NF3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 5 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11294894

Title: Layilin, a novel integral membrane protein, is a hyaluronan receptor.

PubMed ID: 11294894

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.4.891

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 382
  • Mass: 43108
  • Checksum: 5843084E56E11325
  • Sequence:
    • MRPGTALQAV LLAVLLVGLR AATGRLLSAS DLDLRGGQPV CRGGTQRPCY KVIYFHDTSR 
RLNFEEAKEA CRRDGGQLVS IESEDEQKLI EKFIENLLPS DGDFWIGLRR REEKQSNSTA 
CQDLYAWTDG SISQFRNWYV DEPSCGSEVC VVMYHQPSAP AGIGGPYMFQ WNDDRCNMKN 
NFICKYSDEK PAVPSREAEG EETELTTPVL PEETQEEDAK KTFKESREAA LNLAYILIPS 
IPLLLLLVVT TVVCWVWICR KRKREQPDPS TKKQHTIWPS PHQGNSPDLE VYNVIRKQSE 
ADLAETRPDL KNISFRVCSG EATPDDMSCD YDNMAVNPSE SGFVTLVSVE SGFVTNDIYE 
FSPDQMGRSK ESGWVENEIY GY

Genular Protein ID: 3853465282

Symbol: B4DDS5_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DDS5

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 2 InterPro 2 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 RefSeq 2 SAM 2 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 230
  • Mass: 26081
  • Checksum: C0426BB75400B042
  • Sequence:
    • MYHQPSAPAG IGGPYMFQWN DDRCNMKNNF ICKYSDEKPA VPSREAEGEE TELTTPVLPE 
ETQEEDAKKT FKESREAALN LAYILIPSIP LLLLLVVTTV VCWVWICRKR KREQPDPSTK 
KQHTIWPSPH QGNSPDLEVY NVIRKQSEAD LAETRPDLKN ISFRVCSGEA TPDDMSCDYD 
NMAVNPSESG FVTLVSVESG FVTNDIYEFS PDQMGRSKES GWVENEIYGY